| National Immigration Administration 国家移民管理局 | |
|---|---|
.svg) Ministry of Public Security Patch | |
 Logo of the NIA | |
 Emblem | |
 Flag | |
| Abbreviation | NIA |
| Agency overview | |
| Formed | April 2, 2018 |
| Annual budget | 62.5 Billion RMB (2025) |
| Jurisdictional structure | |
| National agency | China |
| Operations jurisdiction | China |
| Governing body | Ministry of Public Security |
| General nature | |
| Specialist jurisdictions |
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| Facilities | |
| Vehicles | 11782 |
| Website | |
| https://en.nia.gov.cn/ | |
| National Immigration Administration | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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| Simplified Chinese | 国家移民管理局 | ||||||
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TheNational Immigration Administration (NIA), alternatively known as theExit and Entry Administration of the People's Republic of China (formainland China's regional border controls withHong Kong,Macau, andTaiwan), is asub-ministry-level executive agency administrated by theMinistry of Public Security. The administration is responsible for coordinating and formulating immigration policies and their implementation,border control (andborder patrol along withdrug interdiction),[1][2] administering foreigners’ stay, management on refugees and nationality, taking the lead in coordinating the administering of foreigners who illegally enter, stay or are employed in China, and the repatriation of illegal immigrants.[3][4] The NIA is also responsible for manning border checkpoints.[5]
In 2025, the NIA had an annual budget of 62,567,100,300 Renminbi.[6]: 10
In July 1998, nine cities includingBeijing,Tianjin,Shanghai,Guangzhou,Shenzhen,Zhuhai,Xiamen,Haikou, andShantou established the entry-exit border checkpoints, which were vertically led by theMinistry of Public Security Exit and Entry Bureau [zh].[7] In 2011, according to the Central Office document on the "approval on the adjustment of Beijing in seven vocational institutions specifications preparing Frontier Guard Inspection Station" (Central Office Document No. 54), Shenzhen FGIS and seven other professional Frontier Inspection Station Specifications adjusted from the deputy department level to the main department level with the institutional affiliation and staffing remaining unchanged.[8]
Prior to the 2018 People's Armed Police reform, thePeople's Armed Police Border Defense Corps [zh] (Chinese:武警边防部队;pinyin:Wǔjǐng Biānfáng Bùdùi), more commonly known as theMinistry of Public Security Border Defense Corps (Chinese:公安边防部队) due to it being aMinistry of Public Security Active Service Force, was formerly China's primaryborder patrol force overseen by theMinistry of Public Security Border Control Department [zh].[9]
After the 2018 people's armed police reforms, theMinistry of Public Security Exit and Entry Bureau [zh] andMinistry of Public Security Border Control Department [zh] (with thePeople's Armed Police Border Defense Corps [zh]) merged to form the national immigration administration in April 2, 2018,[2] with the latter's personnel becoming part of the People's Police.[10]
On April 1, 2021, with the approval of theCentral Committee of the Chinese Communist Party, the National Immigration Management Agency will use its own flag and logo from April 2, 2021, onward.[11]
The National Immigration Administration has an institution that Deputy Bureau level (副司局级), and each border inspection station and standing force are at Office level (正厅级). The National Immigration Service has the following subordinate bodies:[12]
[6]: 5
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The Inner Mongolia, Liaoning, Jilin, Heilongjiang, Guangxi, Yunnan, Tibet, Gansu and Xinjiang General Station of exit and entry frontier inspection also have the name of the Provincial Public Security Department's Border Management Unit underOne institution with two names.[6]: 5
TheHulunbuir Border Management Detachment of theInner Mongolia General Station of Exit and Entry Frontier Inspection operates theBarga Commando Unit (Chinese:巴尔虎突击队;pinyin:Bā'ěr hǔ tújí duì), a police tactical unit used forborder patrol,CQBanti-terrorism, anti-hijacking, apprehending dangerous suspects,search and rescue,bomb disposal and security at large events.[16][17][18][19] It operatesK9s,infantry mobility vehicles along withsubmachine guns andsniper rifles.[16][19]
As of July 2024, the NIA operated 11782 vehicles.[6]: 30 Police dogs are also used for drug interception and border patrol.
In 2023, 15 police dogs became the first batch of police dogs with the award of "Meritorious Police Dogs".[20] Horses and drones are also used for border patrol operation.[21]
| Name | Type | Origin | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| QSZ-92 | Semi-automatic pistol |  China | [17] |
| QCQ-171 | Submachine gun | [18] | |
| QBZ-95 | Assault rifle | [17] |
From 1 April 2019 onwards, all mainland citizens can apply and receive passports and exit and entry permits from the NIA offices anywhere in the country, instead of requiring citizens to go to theirHukou city/province to apply. Also, exit and entry permits to Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan can be applied to, received, and delivered within a few minutes on automatic machines.[22]
Due to the NIA being responsible for border patrol, there are occasionally gunfights between NIA officers and drug traffickers on the China–Myanmar border, most famously in December 4, 2021 when ethnicHani officer Cai Xiaodong (蔡晓东) of theXishuangbanna border management detachment was shot and killed by a drug trafficker on theChina Myanmar border. He was posthumously awarded martyr status.[23][24][25]
In 2021, 7 NIA officers(both sworn and auxiliary) were killed in the line of duty, with a further 49 being injured[26]
In 2022, 6 NIA officers(both sworn and auxiliary) were killed in the line of duty, with a further 40 being injured[27]
In 2023, 12 NIA officers(both sworn and auxiliary) were killed in the line of duty, with a further 77 being injured.[28]
In 2024, 15 NIA officers (both sworn and auxiliary) were killed in the line of duty, with a further 66 being injured.[29]
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