Stanley Kubrick (1928–1999)^[1] was an Americanfilmmaker andphotographer. He directed thirteenfeature films and three shortdocumentaries over the course of his career. His work as a director, spanning diverse genres,^[2] isregarded as highly influential.^[3][4][5]

Kubrick made his directorial debut in 1951 with the documentary shortDay of the Fight, followed byFlying Padre later that year. In 1953, he directed his first feature film,Fear and Desire.^[6] Theanti-war allegory's themes reappeared in his later films.^[7][8] His next works were thefilm noir picturesKiller's Kiss (1955) andThe Killing (1956).^[9][10] CriticRoger Ebert praisedThe Killing and retrospectively called it Kubrick's "first mature feature".^[9] Kubrick then directed twoHollywood films starringKirk Douglas:Paths of Glory (1957) andSpartacus (1960).^[11][12] The latter won theGolden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture – Drama.^[13] His next film wasLolita (1962), an adaptation ofVladimir Nabokov'snovel of the same name.^[14] It was nominated for theAcademy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay.^[15] His 1964 film, theCold War satireDr. Strangelove featuringPeter Sellers andGeorge C. Scott,^[16] received theBAFTA Award for Best Film.^[17] Along withThe Killing, it remains the highest rated film directed by Kubrick according toRotten Tomatoes.

In 1968, Kubrick directed the space epic2001: A Space Odyssey. Now widely regarded as among themost influential films ever made,^[18]2001 garnered Kubrick his only personalAcademy Award for his work as director of special effects.^[19] His next project, the dystopianA Clockwork Orange (1971), was an initiallyX-rated adaptation ofAnthony Burgess'1962 novella.^[20][21][22] After reports of crimes inspired by the film's depiction of "ultra-violence", Kubrick had it withdrawn from distribution in the United Kingdom.^[21] Kubrick then directed the period pieceBarry Lyndon (1975), in a departure from his two previous futuristic films.^[23] It did not perform well commercially and received mixed reviews, but won four Oscars at the48th Academy Awards.^[24][25] In 1980, Kubrick adapted aStephen King novel intoThe Shining, starringJack Nicholson andShelley Duvall.^[26] Although Kubrick was nominated for aGolden Raspberry Award for Worst Director,^[27]The Shining is now widely regarded as one of the greatest horror films of all time.^[26][28][29] Seven years later, he released theVietnam War filmFull Metal Jacket.^[30] It remains the highest rated of Kubrick's later films according to Rotten Tomatoes andMetacritic. In the early 1990s, Kubrick abandonedhis plans to direct aHolocaust film titledThe Aryan Papers. He was hesitant to compete withSteven Spielberg'sSchindler's List and had become "profoundly depressed" after working extensively on the project.^[2][31] His final film, the erotic thrillerEyes Wide Shut starringTom Cruise andNicole Kidman, was released posthumously in 1999.^[32] An unfinished project that Kubrick referred to asPinocchio was completed by Spielberg asA.I. Artificial Intelligence (2001).^[33][34]

In 1997, theVenice Film Festival awarded Kubrick the Golden Lion for Lifetime Achievement. That same year, he received aDirectors Guild of America Lifetime Achievement Award, then called the D.W. Griffith Award.^[35][36] In 1999, theBritish Academy of Film and Television Arts (BAFTA) presented Kubrick with aBritannia Award.^[37] After his death, BAFTA renamed the award in his honor: "The Stanley Kubrick Britannia Award for Excellence in Film".^[38] He was posthumously awarded aBAFTA Fellowship in 2000.^[39]

In 1952, sounds, effects, and music brought the production ofFear and Desire over budget to around $53,000,^[65] and Kubrick had to be bailed out by producerRichard de Rochemont, on condition that he work as a second unit director^[66][67] on de Rochemont's production of aJames Agee-writtenNorman Lloyd-co-directed^[68][69] five-part biographic series aboutAbraham Lincoln for the educational TV seriesOmnibus, filmed on location inHodgenville, Kentucky,^[70][71] starringRoyal Dano andJoanne Woodward.^[62][72][70]

• A.I. Artificial Intelligence is dedicated to Kubrick, who originally intended to direct the film.^[75][76]
• Stanley Kubrick bibliography
• Stanley Kubrick's unrealized projects
• List of accolades received by Stanley Kubrick
• List of recurring cast members in Stanley Kubrick films

• Baxter, John (1997).Stanley Kubrick: A Biography. HarperCollins.ISBN 9780006384458.
• Duncan, Paul (2003).Stanley Kubrick: The Complete Films. Taschen GmbH.ISBN 9783836527750.
• Hughes, David (2000).The Complete Kubrick. Virgin Publishing.ISBN 0753504529.
• Kagan, Norman (2000).The Cinema of Stanley Kubrick. Continuum International Publishing Group.ISBN 0826412432.
• Naremore, James (2007).On Kubrick. British Film Institute.ISBN 9781844571420.
• Sperb, Jason (2006).The Kubrick Facade: Faces and Voices in the Films of Stanley Kubrick. The Scarecrow Press, Inc.ISBN 081085855X.

• kubrick.life, a Stanley Kubrickfansite
• Stanley Kubrick filmography atIMDb
• Stanley Kubrick atAllMovie
• Stanley Kubrick at theAmerican Film Institute
• Stanley Kubrick at theBritish Film Institute
• Stanley Kubrick atTurner Classic Movies

• Stanley Kubrick
• Director filmographies
• American filmographies

• Articles with short description
• Short description is different from Wikidata
• Featured lists
• Use mdy dates from September 2024