| Stag Inn Attack | |
|---|---|
| Part ofthe Troubles | |
| Location | Milltown Road,Belvoir Park Forest,Belfast |
| Date | 30 July 1976 8.00 pm (GMT) |
| Target | Protestants, Loyalists,Ulster Unionists |
Attack type | Mass shooting |
| Weapons | Automatic rifles |
| Deaths | 4 |
| Injured | 6 |
| Perpetrator | Provisional IRA'sBelfast Brigade under the covernameRepublican Action Force (RAF) |
TheStag Inn attack was a sectarian gun attack, on 30 July 1976, carried out by a group ofBelfast IRA Volunteers using the cover nameRepublican Action Force. Four Protestants, all civilians, the youngest being 48 years old and the eldest 70, were all killed in the attack with several others being injured.[1] Three Catholics were killed the previous day in a Loyalist bomb attack, part of a string of sectarian attacks inNorthern Ireland by differentparamilitary organizations.[1][2]
Since an IRA ceasefire was agreed upon with the British government which came into effect on 10 February 1975,[3][4]Loyalist paramilitaries in Ulster – who were worried that the government was about to sell them out to the IRA and force them into aUnited Ireland – started carrying out large numbers of attacks against the Catholic community in the hopes of provoking sectarian backlash from the IRA orIrish National Liberation Army and bring an end to the ceasefire and IRA-British government talks.
TheUlster Volunteer Force andUlster Defence Association used cover names for their sectarian attacks likeProtestant Action Force,Ulster Freedom Fighters andRed Hand Commando. The majority of these attacks took place in Belfast and an area which was known as the "murder triangle" in parts of countiesArmagh andTyrone around Mid Ulster. On 5 April 1975, the Protestant Action Force carried out a bomb attack on a pub in the New Lodge area of Belfast killing two Catholic civilians. Later that same day,Irish Republicans carried out theMountainview Tavern attack on Belfast'sShankill Road, killing four Protestant civilians and a UDA member, followed by the killing of a Catholic civilian by loyalists in theArdoyne area.[5][6]
The first attack claimed by the Republican Action Force was theTullyvallen massacre in which five Protestant civilians were killed and seven others injured. The attackers used the prefix "South Armagh" Republican Action Force (SARAF) to claim this attack. All those killed were members of the Irish chapter of the Protestantfraternity group theOrange Order, which Irish Catholics in Northern Ireland viewed as a sectarian group. The smaller Irish Republican paramilitary group the Irish National Liberation Army (INLA) would also carry out at least one sectarian attack during this period, when, on New Year's Eve 1975/76 members of the INLA – using the cover name "People's Republican Army" – carried out abomb attack on a pub in the village ofGilford, County Down killing three Protestant civilians and injuring 30 others.[7]
The most lethal attack carried out by the RAF was theKingsmill massacre on 5 January 1976. In the attack up to 12 gun men stopped aminibus near Kingsmill in south County Armagh and shot 11 Protestant workmen, all civilians, killing 10 and leaving the sole survivor badly wounded. Prior to the shooting, the gun men told a Catholic workman who was travelling on the minibus to run away.[8]
The Stag Inn was a Protestant-owned hotel and bar.
The attack took place on a Saturday at 8:00 pm on 30 July 1976 when at least 3 IRA/RAF gun men pulled up outside in a hijacked car and shot doorman John McLeave (48), who was standing outside the bar on security duty. Two of the gunmen entered the Stag Inn bar carrying automatic rifles and began shooting; John Mackey (50) and James Doherty (70), were both killed instantly from several bursts of fire. Several more people were hit, though Thompson "Robert" McCreight (60) would die from his injuries just over a week later on 8 August 1976. The gunmen escaped in the getaway car waiting outside for them.[9][10] The attackers claimed it was retaliation for a loyalist attack the day before on the 29 July 1976, when three Catholic civilians were killed in The Whitefort Inn pub on the Andersonstown Road, Belfast.[1] This was the last major sectarian attack claimed by the Republican Action Force in 1976.
Earlier on in the day, theProvisional IRA Derry Brigade killed a ProtestantUlster Defence Regiment soldier with abooby-trap bomb at a farm in Druminard near the village ofMoneymore.[11] Less than 24 hours later, another Protestant was killed by Republican sniper at a security barrier at Church Street inLurgan.[12] This brought the number of Protestants killed in a 24-hour period by the IRA/RAF to six, with at least half a dozen injured.
The group claimed responsibility for the killings of two more Protestant civilians after the Stag Inn shootings: the first on the 2 April 1977 inForkhill in south Armagh,[13] and the other on 21 April 1977 near Shankill Road in Belfast.[14] The former commander of the IRA's Belfast BrigadeBrendan Hughes (who was in prison during the period) when interviewed by the journalistPeter Taylor commented on the effect of the sectarian killings in Belfast:
"When the ceasefire was on, the whole machine (the IRA) slipped into sectarianism and a lot of us were very, very unhappy with that situation. I didn't believe that Tullyvallen and other (similar) attacks were going to achieve anything. I believed they were counterproductive. Sectarian bombings and sectarian killings were doing nothing except destroying the whole struggle".[15]
A month later on 16 August 1976, in the south Armagh village ofKeady, the UVF along with members of theGlenanne gang carried out the1976 Step Inn pub bombing killing two Catholic civilians, both women, and injuring 20 others. The tit-for-tat sectarian attacks largely died down after this attack.[16]
