| St. Jude Children's Research Hospital | |
|---|---|
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 Headquarters at Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, Tennessee | |
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| Geography | |
| Location | Memphis,Tennessee, United States |
| Coordinates | 35°09′12″N90°02′32″W / 35.153469°N 90.042207°W /35.153469; -90.042207 |
| Organization | |
| Care system | Private & Charity |
| Type | Specialized |
| Religious affiliation | None |
| Services | |
| Standards | JCAHO accreditation |
| Emergency department | No |
| Public transit access |  MATA |
| History | |
| Opened | February 4, 1962; 63 years ago (1962-02-04) |
| Links | |
| Website | stjude |
| Lists | Hospitals in Tennessee |
St. Jude Children's Research Hospital is a pediatric treatment and research hospital headquartered inMemphis, Tennessee. Founded by entertainerDanny Thomas in 1962, it is a501(c)(3) designatednonprofit medical corporation which focuses on children's catastrophic diseases, particularlyleukemia and other cancers.[1] In the 2021 fiscal year, St. Jude received $2 billion in donations.[2] Daily operating costs average $1.7 million, but patients are not charged for care.[3] St. Jude's covers some, but not all cancer-related costs.[4] St. Jude treats patients up to age 21, and for some conditions, up to age 25.[5]
St. Jude Children's Research Hospital was founded by entertainerDanny Thomas on February 4, 1962 before a crowd of 9,000 people, with help fromLemuel Diggs and Thomas' close friend fromMiami, automobile dealer Anthony Abraham. The hospital was founded on the premise that "no child should die in the dawn of life".[6][7][8] This idea resulted from a promise that Thomas, aMaroniteCatholic, had made to a saint years before the hospital was founded.
Thomas was a comedian who was struggling to get a break in his career and living paycheck to paycheck. When his first child was about to be born, he attendedMass inDetroit, and emptied his wallet – comprising $7 ($153.11 in2024) – into theoffering box.[9] He prayed for intercession toSaint Jude Thaddeus for a means to provide for his family, and about a week later he obtained a gig that paid 10 times what he had put in the offering bin. Thomas promised St. Jude Thaddeus that if the saint interceded for his success, he would build him a shrine. Years later, Thomas became a successful comedian, starring on Make Room for Daddy, later known asThe Danny Thomas Show. Thomas built St. Jude Children's Research Hospital as a shrine to St. Jude Thaddeus to honor his promise.[6][7][9] Memphis was chosen at the suggestion of Catholic CardinalSamuel Stritch, a Tennessee native who had been a spiritual advisor to Thomas since he presided at Thomas'sconfirmation in Thomas's boyhood home ofToledo, Ohio.[10][7]
While some donations for St. Jude come from government grants and insurance recoveries, the principal source of funding comes from theAmerican Lebanese Syrian Associated Charities (ALSAC), a semi-independent entity founded in 1957 by Danny Thomas. ALSAC serves primarily to raise funds and promote awareness for St. Jude.[11][12] They largely collect funds from independent sources, such as companies and individuals.
Danny's daughterMarlo Thomas grew up supporting the mission of St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, and she became its national outreach director in 1991.[13]
In 2007,Chili's restaurant chain pledged $50 million to fund the construction of the seven-story Chili's Care Center, adding 340,000 square feet (32,000 m2), providing space for the department of radiological services, The Pediatric Brain Tumor Consortium, two floors of outpatient clinics, one floor of inpatient clinics and rooms, two floors of laboratory space, an office floor and an unfinished level for future expansion.[14]
In 2010, the Pediatric Cancer Genome Project was launched in collaboration with Washington University in an effort to identify somatic mutations that drive cancer, in hopes of identifying new targets against which novel therapeutics can be developed.[15]
In 2014, theMarlo Thomas Center for Global Education and Collaboration was opened as part of the hospital.[16] In 2017, the St. Jude Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences accepted its inaugural class of PhD students.[17][18]
In 2021, theSpaceXInspiration4 mission, the first private spaceflight, raised over $243 million for St. Jude.[19]
In 2025YouTuberRyan Trahan and his wife,Haley Pham, raised over $11 million for St. Jude.
St. Jude has an International Outreach Program to improve the survival rates of children with catastrophic illnesses worldwide.[20][21]
St. Jude treats patients up to age 21 and for some conditions, up to age 25.[22]
Donald Pinkel was the first director of St. Jude and served from 1962 until 1973. His successor, Alvin Mauer, was director from 1973 to 1983. Joseph Simone was the hospital's third director from 1983 to 1992.Arthur W. Nienhuis was CEO and director of St. Jude from 1993 until 2004.William E. Evans, the hospital's fifth director, served from 2004 to 2014. He was succeeded by CEO and directorJames R. Downing on July 15, 2014.[23]
As of 2018[update], St. Jude's scientific director was James I. Morgan, Ph.D.[24]
Although it was named after Danny Thomas'spatron saint, St. Jude is not a Catholic hospital. It is asecular institution not affiliated with any religious organization.[7][25]
St. Jude is affiliated with several institutions in the United States, through a network ofhematology clinics, hospitals, and universities that are united under the mission of St. Jude. As of July 2023, the Domestic Affiliate Clinic sites include:
St. Jude also works withLe Bonheur Children's Medical Center, also located in downtown Memphis.[27] St. Jude patients needing certain procedures, such as brain surgery, may undergo procedures at Le Bonheur Hospital. Both St. Jude and Le Bonheur are teaching hospitals affiliated with theUniversity of Tennessee Health Science Center.University of Tennessee physicians training inpediatrics, surgery,radiology, and other specialties undergo service rotations at St. Jude.
TheChildren's Cancer Center of Lebanon was established inBeirut on April 12, 2002. The center is an affiliate of St. Jude Children's Research Hospital and works in association with theAmerican University of Beirut Medical Center (AUBMC).[28][29]
A commitment has been made to establish aUS$412 million research facility inMemphis, Tennessee, one purpose of which will be to serve as a collaborative hub.[24]
St. Jude Children's Research Hospital and American Lebanese Syrian Associated Charities (ALSAC) are both nonprofits. From 2000 to 2005, 83.7% of the funds received by St. Jude went to operation or investments. From 2002 to 2004, 47% of program expenses went to patient care and 41% to research.[30] According to the hospital's own statements, in 2012, 81 cents of every dollar donated to St. Jude went directly to its research and treatment.[3] In 2019, ALSAC raised $1.9 billion from donations, of which $975 million (51%) went to St. Jude. The rest of the funds were either spent on functional expenses for ALSAC or added to their fund balance, which totaled $5.7 billion at the end of 2019.[31] In 2020, ALSAC raised $2.4 billion, of which $2 billion were from donations and contributions (84%). $997 million (42%) of this went to St. Jude. At the end of 2020, St. Jude's fund balance was $8.03 billion.[32] 74% percent of St. Jude's total budget comes from donations, and the hospital costs about $1.7 million per day to run.[3]
A 2021 report byProPublica has accused the hospital of undue hoarding of its donor funds, pointing to its reserves of $5.2 billion, representing over four years of expenses,[33] and of aggressively pursuing donations, including through litigation, to the detriment of other cancer research charities.[34][35] St. Jude, which ranked 10th amongst the U.S. News and World Report’s 2020 ranking of the best U.S pediatric cancer hospitals, collected more donations than all 9 of the hospitals ranking ahead of it put together.[33][34] ProPublica reported that about 50% of the funds raised went to patient care or research, with 30% of the remaining funds raised being spent on fundraising and 20% going to their reserves.[33] The hospital’s website states that 82% of all dollars received go to support patient care, research, and future needs.[36] As of 2023,Charity Navigator gave St. Jude a score of 99 for Accountability & Finance, earning the hospital a four-star rating.[37]
In January 1964, the former presidential yachtUSSPotomac was purchased byElvis Presley for US$55,000. Presley then gave the Potomac to St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, in Memphis, to sell as a fundraiser.[38]
Eagles for St. Jude was a program created in 2007 byStanford Financial Group, when it paid to become title sponsor of theSt. Jude Classic, the annual PGA Tour event in Memphis. The program, and sponsorship, ended in February 2009, when it was found that Stanford Financial Group was aPonzi scheme, having defrauded investors out of $8 billion, with a small fraction of that stolen money having been channeled into the Eagles for St. Jude program.[39]
In 1995, St. Jude received an anonymous letter postmarked inDallas, Texas, containing a $1 million winningMcDonald's Monopoly game piece. McDonald's officials came to the hospital, accompanied by a representative from the accounting firmArthur Andersen, and verified it as a winner.[40] Although game rules prohibited the transfer of prizes, and even after learning that the piece was sent by an individual involved in anembezzlement scheme intended to defraud McDonald's, McDonald's waived the rule and made the annual $50,000 annuity payments.[41]
In 2022, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital was named the second best children's cancer hospital in the U.S byU.S. News & World Report.[42]Peter C. Doherty, Ph.D., of St. Jude Children's Research Hospital was co-recipient of the 1996Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for work related to how theimmune system killsvirus-infectedcells.[43]
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