Srbobran Sentomaš | |
|---|---|
Town andmunicipality | |
.jpg)    .jpg)  Srbobran | |
 Coat of arms | |
 Location of the municipality of Srbobran within Serbia | |
| Coordinates:45°32′N19°47′E / 45.533°N 19.783°E /45.533; 19.783 | |
| Country |  Serbia |
| Province |  Vojvodina |
| District | South Bačka |
| Settlements | 3 |
| Government | |
| • Mayor | Radivoj Debeljački (SNS)[2] |
| Area | |
| • Municipality | 284 km2 (110 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 82 m (269 ft) |
| Population (2022 census)[4] | |
| • Town | 10,496 |
| • Municipality | 14,357 |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Postal code | 21480 |
| Area code | +381 21 |
| Official languages | Serbian together withHungarian[1] |
Srbobran (Serbian:Србобран,pronounced[sr̩̂bɔbraːn];Hungarian:Szenttamás)[5] is a town and municipality located in theSouth Bačka District of the autonomous province ofVojvodina,Serbia. The town is located on the north bank of theDanube-Tisa-Danube canal. The town has a population of 10,496, and the municipality of 14,357 according to 2022 census.
The municipality of Srbobran encompasses of town of Srbobran, and two villages:Nadalj andTurija.
InSerbian, the town is known asSrbobran (Србобран); inHungarian asSzenttamás (pronounced[ˈsɛntɒmaːʃ]) orSzrbobran (formerly alsoBács-Szenttamás); inRusyn (a Cyrillic-only language) as /Србобран/; inSlovak asSrbobran; and inGerman asThomasberg orSankt Thomas. The nameSrbobran means Serb defender" inSerbian. Older Serbian name used for the town wasSentomaš (Сентомаш).[6]
Archaeological records indicate that there has been human settlement in the territory of present-day Srbobran sinceprehistoric times. The first written record of settlement is from 1338, in which Srbobran is mentioned under nameSentomas, which meansSaint Thomas, i.e. the apostle Thomas, who was the patron saint of a monastery and of the village around it in the Middle Ages. During this time, the area was under administration of the medievalKingdom of Hungary and was part ofBacsensis County. This village, together with the monastery, was destroyed during theOttoman conquest in the 16th century. Its former population left the region and fled towards north to HabsburgHungary. During the period of Ottoman administration, the settlement of Sentomaš was rebuilt and populated by ethnicSerbs. It was part of the OttomanSanjak of Segedin.
After the Bačka region was captured byHabsburg troops led byPrince Eugene of Savoy in the end of the 17th century, Sentomaš came under Habsburg rule and was populated by new colonists, mainly ethnic Serbs from the south, but also (since the second half of the 18th century) by ethnicHungarians from the north, who became the second largest ethnic group in the settlement (after Serbs). The settlement was part of theMilitary Frontier until 1751, when it came under the civil administration. A document from 1751 indicates that besides the nameSentomaš,Srbograd ("Serb Town") was also used as an unofficial name for the town. The town grew quickly; in 1787 its population was 3,532, while in 1836 this number rose to 11,321. After 1751 the town was part of theTheiss district withinBatsch-Bodrog County and the Habsburg Kingdom of Hungary.
The nameSrbobran dates from the time of the1848/1849 revolutions in the Habsburg Monarchy, but has been officially used since 1918. In 1848–1849, the town was part of theSerbian Voivodship, a Serbian autonomous region within theAustrian Empire. The Serbian defense line was located near this town, hence the nameSrbobran, which means "Serbs's defender". On July 14, 1848, the first siege of the town by Hungarian forces began under Baron Fülöp Berchtold who was forced to retreat due to a strong Serbian defense. The Hungarian troops captured Sentomaš on the fourth attempt, on April 4, 1849, and burned the town to the ground. Having suppressed the Hungarian anti-Habsburg movement (in 1849),Austrian authorities established a new province to which Sentomaš belonged to: theVoivodeship of Serbia and Banat of Temeschwar, which existed until 1860. In 1850, the population of Sentomaš was 5,630 people, which was only about half of the population recorded in 1836. After the abolishment of the voivodeship in 1860, Sentomaš was again a part ofBatsch-Bodrog County. After the establishment of the dual Monarchy ofAustria-Hungary in 1867, the town was located within the Hungarian part of the Monarchy. According to the official census of 1910, Sentomaš had 14,335 inhabitants; among them 7,808 (54.47%) spokeSerbian, 6,031 (42.07%) spokeHungarian, and 430 (3%) spokeGerman.
Sentomaš became part of theKingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (calledYugoslavia after 1929) in 1918 and was officially named Srbobran. In 1918–1919, the town was part of theBanat, Bačka and Baranja region and also (between 1918 and 1922) part of theNovi Sad County. Between 1922 and 1929 it was part ofBelgrade Oblast, and between 1929 and 1941 part ofDanube Banovina. In 1941, the town was occupied by theAxis powers and was attached toMiklós Horthy'sHungary. In 1944, theSovietRed Army andYugoslav partisans expelled Axis troops from the region, at this time approximately 2000 civil people with Hungarian nationality was killed by revenge.[7] Srbobran was included into theautonomous province of Vojvodina within newsocialist Yugoslavia. After 1945 Vojvodina was part of thePeople's Republic of Serbia within Yugoslavia. Until the 1950s, Srbobran was part of theBečej municipality, but then the separate municipality of Srbobran was established. During theYugoslav wars of the 1990s, some Serb refugees came fromCroatia,Bosnia and Herzegovina, andKosovo, and settled in Srbobran.
According to the 2011 census, the population of the Srbobran municipality was composed of:[8]
All of the three settlements in the municipality have an ethnic Serb majority. The Serbian and Hungarian language are officially used by municipal authorities.[9]
Also see:Serbs in Vojvodina,Hungarians in Vojvodina,Romani people of Vojvodina.
In 2011, Srbobran town had a population of 12,009, including:[8]
The following table gives a preview of total number of employed people per their core activity (as of 2017):[10]
| Activity | Total |
|---|---|
| Agriculture, forestry and fishing | 427 |
| Mining | 18 |
| Processing industry | 459 |
| Distribution of power, gas and water | 61 |
| Distribution of water and water waste management | 48 |
| Construction | 106 |
| Wholesale and retail, repair | 465 |
| Traffic, storage and communication | 135 |
| Hotels and restaurants | 77 |
| Media and telecommunications | 12 |
| Finance and insurance | 20 |
| Property stock and charter | 2 |
| Professional, scientific, innovative and technical activities | 89 |
| Administrative and other services | 43 |
| Administration and social assurance | 176 |
| Education | 190 |
| Healthcare and social work | 176 |
| Art, leisure and recreation | 23 |
| Other services | 77 |
| Total | 2,604 |
Town is located near to the M22 motorway betweenBelgrade andSubotica. There are two national highways that run through the town, highways 3 and 22. These three important routes make the town an important transport link.
Highway 3 runs west toSombor, and east toBečej. Highway 22 runs toBudapest in Hungary to the north changing to Highway 5 in Hungary, and to Ribarice, in the south of Serbia.
There are two notable buildings in Srbobran, both of which are churches (one isSerb Orthodox, the other one isRoman Catholic) and both are built in highly sophisticated latebaroque style.
On the territory of the Municipality in official use are Serbian language and Cyrillic script and Hungarian language and script
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