Squantum is a neighborhood ofQuincy, Massachusetts, connected to the mainland by a causeway that crosses over a wetland area of the bay. Often thought of as a peninsula, Squantum proper is technically a barrier island as it is surrounded on all four sides by water and is only connected to the mainland and Moon Island via causeways[citation needed]. Located in the northernmost portion of the city, Squantum is bordered on the north by Dorchester Bay andBoston Harbor, on the east byMoon Island andQuincy Bay, on the south by Quincy Bay andNorth Quincy, and on the west by theMarina Bay development. The population of the neighborhood in 2010 according to theUnited States Census Bureau was 2,365.[1]Squantum has scenic, waterfront views of Boston Harbor and the Boston skyline and has many of Quincy’s most expensive homes.[2] Squantum residents are the wealthiest of any neighborhood in Quincy, according to the 2010United States Census Bureau, and the home ownership rate is approximately 92%.[3] The neighborhood is further characterized by its tree-lined streets, its "island getaway" feel, close-knit community, and its annual Squantum Fourth of July Parade. As described in a 2020 book, "One road leads in and out of a square mile of land that is a playground for children and a haven for adults."[4] Squantum also has one of the largest Irish populations, on a per capita basis, of any neighborhood in the United States.[2]
The neighborhood includes two public beaches (Nickerson Beach and Orchard Beach),[5] as well as state-ownedSquantum Point Park, which has hiking trails and points for canoeing or kayaking. It is also home to Squantum Elementary School[6] and the First Church of Squantum.[7]
Before the arrival ofEnglish colonists in the seventeenth century, Squantum was populated byNative Americans who valued it as a fertilemollusk harvesting site.[8]Moswetuset Hummock, a hill located at the head of the present daycauseway leading to the neighborhood, is by one account the origin of the name of theMassachusett tribe of indigenous people for whom the state ofMassachusetts is named.[9] In 1621 the tribe's chief,Chickatawbut, was visited there byPlymouth Colony commanderMyles Standish andSquanto, a native guide from whom the peninsula and neighborhood take their names.[10] In the early years following colonization Squantum was part ofDorchester before joining Quincy when it was incorporated as a town separate fromBraintree in 1792.[10]
By the middle of the eighteenth century Squantum had become a resort destination and was eventually connected to the area's trolley system.[11] By the end ofWorld War I, the neighborhood had formed as a year round residence.[10] Also around this time Squantum had been part of early aviation history as an airshow put on byHarvard University's Aeronautical Society was held on the peninsula in 1910.[12] On July 1, 1912, during the 3rd annual Boston aviation meet held in Squantum,Harriet Quimby, the first woman pilot in the United States died while piloting an aircraft. In 1927,Dennison Airport opened at the lower end of Squantum Peninsula withAmelia Earhart as a chief employee and pilot.[13] TheNaval Air Station Squantum also began operations on the peninsula in the 1920s as a naval reserve training base.[12] The base was used until closing in 1954 and eventually was developed into the neighboring Marina Bay section of Quincy in the 1980s, with some opposition from Squantum residents who fearedtraffic congestion,noise pollution,[14] and environmental damage from filling wetlands. Today Marina Bay includes a variety of restaurants, other businesses, and housing, as well as a popular boardwalk.
East Squantum Street becomes a causeway bordered by the Squantum Marshes and Boston Harbor as it enters the neighborhood from North Quincy and Quincy Shore Drive, heading northeast before turning south into the neighborhood at Dorchester Street; it is the only land access onto the peninsula. Dorchester Street continues northeast to the Moon Island Road causeway to Moon Island, controlled by the city ofBoston and not available for general public access.[16] Squantum is served by bus route 211[17] of theMassachusetts Bay Transportation Authority (MBTA) with connections to the regional subway atNorth Quincy station on the MBTARed Line.
The 1846 shipSquantum, 646 tons, was built by J.T. Foster inMedford, MA, and owned by Thomas B. Wales & Co. of Boston. She was wrecked atCoorla Burla, India with three lives lost, on June 14, 1860, en route from Boston to Bombay.[18]
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42°17′46″N71°00′43″W / 42.296°N 71.012°W /42.296; -71.012
