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Sputnik (rocket)

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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Small carrier rocket

For the Sputnik 11A59 rocket, seePolyot (rocket). For other uses, seeSputnik (disambiguation).

Not to be confused withSputnik 1 orSputnik spacecraft.

Size
Sputnik rocket
Function	Early (first)carrier rocket
Manufacturer	OKB-1
Country of origin	USSR
Height	8K71PS: 30,000 mm (98 ft) 8A91: 31,100 mm (102.0 ft)
Diameter	2,990 mm (9.81 ft)
Mass	8K71PS: 267,000 kg (589,000 lb) 8A91: 269,300 kg (593,700 lb)
Stages	3
Capacity
Payload toLEO (8K71PS)
Mass	8K71PS: 500 kg (1,100 lb) 8A91: 1,327 kg (2,926 lb)

Associated rockets
Family	R-7
Comparable	Vanguard Juno I
Launch history
Status	Retired (No Longer In Use)
Launch sites	LC-1/5,Baikonur
Total launches	4 (2 8K71PS, 2 8A91)
Success(es)	3
Failure	1 (8A91)
First flight	8K71PS: 4 October 1957 8A91: 27 April 1958
Last flight	8K71PS: 3 November 1957 8A91: 15 May 1958
Carries passengers or cargo	Sputnik 1 Sputnik 2 Sputnik 3

Boosters (Block B, V, G, D)
No. boosters	4
Powered by	1RD-107
Maximum thrust	970 kN (220,000 lbf)
Specific impulse	306 s
Burn time	120 s
Propellant	LOX/Kerosene
First stage (Block A)
Powered by	1RD-108
Maximum thrust	912 kN (205,000 lbf)
Specific impulse	308 s
Burn time	330 s
Propellant	LOX/Kerosene

[edit on Wikidata]

TheSputnik rocket was an uncrewedorbital carrier rocket designed bySergei Korolev in theSoviet Union, derived from theR-7 Semyorka ICBM. On 4 October 1957, it was used to perform the world's firstsatellite launch, placingSputnik 1 into alow Earth orbit.

Two versions of the Sputnik were built, the Sputnik-PS (GRAU index 8K71PS), which was used to launchSputnik 1 and laterSputnik 2, and the Sputnik (8A91), which failed to launch a satellite in April 1958, and subsequently launchedSputnik 3 on 15 May 1958.^[1]

A later member of theR-7 family, thePolyot, used the same configuration as the Sputnik rocket, but was constructed fromVoskhod components. Because of the similarity, the Polyot was sometimes known as the Sputnik 11A59.

Specifications

[edit]

First Stage: Block B, V, G, D (four strap-on boosters)
- Gross mass: 43.0 tons
- Empty mass: 3.400 tons
- Thrust (vac): 4 × 99,000 kgf = 396 Mgf (3.89 MN)
- Isp: 306 s (3,000 N·s/kg)
- Burn time: 120 s (2 min)
- Isp (sl): 250 s (2,450 N·s/kg)
- Diameter: 2,680 millimetres (8.79 ft)
- Span: 2,680 millimetres (8.79 ft)
- Length: 1,920 millimetres (6.30 ft) (without nozzles)
- Propellants:LOX/Kerosene
- Engines: 1 xRD-107-8D74PS per booster = 4
Second Stage: Block A (core stage)
- Gross mass: 94.0 tons
- Empty mass: 7.495 tons
- Thrust (vac): 99,000 kgf (970 kN)
- Isp: 308 s (3,020N·s/kg)
- Burn time: 310 s (5 min 10 s)
- Isp (sl): 241 s (2,360 N·s/kg)
- Diameter: 2,950 millimetres (9.68 ft)
- Span: 2,950 millimetres (9.68 ft)
- Length: 28,000 millimetres (92 ft)
- Propellants:LOX/Kerosene
- Engine: 1 xRD-108-8D75PS
Total mass: 267 tons (589,000 lb)
Total span: 10,303 millimetres (33.802 ft)
LEO payload: 500 kg
Total liftoff thrust: 3.89 MN

Sputnik 8A91

[edit]

TheSputnik 8A91 had more powerful 8D76 and 8D77 engines installed,^[2] increasing its payload capacity, and allowing it to launch much heavier satellites thanSputnik 1 andSputnik 2. It was launched two times, in 1958.^[3] The first launch, on 27 April, failed due to vibrations that unexpectedly occurred during the flight along thelongitudinal axis of the rocket. On 15 May, it successfully launchedSputnik 3.^[4]^[5]

Sputnik specifications

[edit]

Stage number: 0 - Strap-on boosters; 4 x Sputnik 8A91-0
- Gross mass: 43.0 tons
- Empty mass: 3.400 tons
- Thrust (vac): 4 × 99,000 kgf = 396 Mgf (3.89 MN)
- Isp: 310 s (3,040 N·s/kg)
- Burn time: 130 s (2 min 10 s)
- Isp (sl): 252 s (2,470 N·s/kg)
- Diameter: 2,680 millimetres (8.79 ft)
- Span: 2,680 millimetres (8.79 ft)
- Length: 19,200 millimetres (63.0 ft) (without nozzles)
- Propellants: LOX/Kerosene
- Engines: 1 xRD-107-8D76 per booster (4 total)
Stage number: 1 - Core stage; 1 x Sputnik 8A91-1
- Gross mass: 95.0 tons
- Empty mass: 7.100 tons
- Thrust (vac): 82,000 kgf (804 kN)
- Isp: 315 s (3,090 N·s/kg)
- Burn time: 360 s (6 min)
- Isp (sl): 246 s (2,410 N·s/kg)
- Diameter: 2,950 millimetres (9.68 ft)
- Length:28,000 millimetres (92 ft)
- Propellants: LOX/Kerosene
- Engine: 1 x RD-108-8D77
Total mass: 269.3 tons (593,700 lb)^[6]
Total span: 10,303 millimetres (33.802 ft)
LEO payload: 1,327 kg (2,925 lb)
Total liftoff thrust: 385,950 kgf (3.784 MN, 850,870lbf)

References

[edit]

^(in Russian)Sputnik Rocket Archived 2005-01-03 at theWayback Machine
^"РД-107 и РД-108 | RD-107 and RD-108". lpre.de. Retrieved2015-12-24.
^"Jonathan McDowell's launch log". planet4589.org. Retrieved2015-12-24.
^(in Russian)Soviet Solar Cells on Orbit
^"Sputnik 3". astronautix.com. Archived fromthe original on 2013-11-08. Retrieved2015-12-24.
^"Sputnik 8A91".astronautix.com. Retrieved13 May 2023.
^"SL-1 R/B".n2yo.com.

v t e Orbital launch systems
List of orbital launch systems Comparison of orbital launch systems
Current	Angara 1.2 A5 Ariane 6 Atlas V Ceres 1 1S Chollima-1 Electron Eris^† Falcon 9 Block 5 Falcon Heavy Firefly Alpha Gravity-1 GSLV H3 Hyperbola-1 Jielong 1 3 KAIROS^† Kaituozhe 2 Kinetica 1 Kuaizhou 1 1A 11 Long March 2C 2D 2F 3A 3B/E 3C 4B 4C 5 5B 6 6A 6C 7 7A 8 11 11H 12 LVM3 Minotaur I IV V C New Glenn Nuri OS-M1^† Pegasus XL Proton-M PSLV Qaem 100 Qased Shavit 2 Simorgh SLS Block 1 Soyuz-2 2.1a / STA 2.1b / STB Spectrum^† SSLV Starship Tianlong-2 Unha Vega C Vulcan Centaur Zhuque 2E
In development	Antares 330 Bloostar Blue Whale 1 Ceres-2 Cyclone-4M Deca Eclipse Epsilon S Gravity-2 HANBIT-NANO Hyperbola-2 Irtysh Kinetica 2 2H 3 KSLV-III Kuaizhou 21 31 Long March 9 10 Miura 5 Neutron New Line 1 NGLV Nova OS-M 2 4 Orbex Prime Pallas-1 Red Dwarf RFA One SLS Block 1B Block 2 Soyuz-7 Terran R Tianlong-3 VLM Vega E Zero Zhuque 3 Zuljanah
Retired	Antares 110 120 130^† 230 230+ Ariane 1 2 3 4 5 ASLV Athena I II Atlas B D E/F G H I II III LV-3B SLV-3 Able^† Agena Centaur Black Arrow Conestoga^† Delta A B C D E G J L M N 0100 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 II III IV IV Heavy Diamant Dnepr Energia Epsilon Europa I^† II^† Falcon 1 Falcon 9 v1.0 v1.1 v1.2 "Full Thrust" Feng Bao 1 GSLV Mk I H-I H-II H-IIA H-IIB Juno I Juno II Kaituozhe-1 Kosmos original 1 2/2I 3 3M Lambda 4S LauncherOne Long March 1 1D^† 2A 2E 3 3B 4A Mu 4S 3C 3H 3S 3SII V N1^† N-I N-II Naro-1 Paektusan^† Pilot-2^† R-7 Luna Molniya M L Polyot Soyuz original FG L M U U2 2-1v Soyuz/Vostok Sputnik Voskhod Vostok L K 2 2M R-29 Shtil' Volna^† Rocket 3 RS1^† Safir 1 1A 1B Saturn I IB V Scout X-1 Blue Scout II^† X-2^† X-2M X-3 X-3M X-4 X-2B^† B A B-1 D-1 A-1 E-1 F-1 G-1 Shavit original 1 SLV Space Shuttle SPARK^† Sparta SS-520 Start-1 Terran 1^† Thor Able Ablestar 1 2 Agena A B D Burner 1 2 Delta DSV-2U Thorad-Agena SLV-2G SLV-2H Titan II GLV IIIA IIIB IIIC IIID IIIE 34D 23G CT-3 IV Tsyklon R-36-O original 2 3 Universal Rocket UR-500 Proton Proton-K Rokot Strela Vanguard Vega original VLS-1^† Zenit 2 2M 2FG 3SL 3SLB 3F Zhuque 1^† 2
Classes	Sounding rocket Small-lift launch vehicle Medium-lift launch vehicle Heavy-lift launch vehicle Super heavy-lift launch vehicle
This template lists historical, current, and future space rockets that at least once attempted (but not necessarily succeeded in) an orbital launch or that are planned to attempt such a launch in the future Symbol^† indicates past or current rockets that attempted orbital launches but never succeeded (never did or has yet to perform a successful orbital launch)

v t e Soviet andRussian launch vehicles
Active	Angara 1.2 A5 Soyuz-2 2.1a 2.1b UR Proton-M
In development	Amur Irtysh Yenisei
Retired	Dnepr Energia Kosmos 1 2I 3 3M N1 R-7 Luna Molniya M L Polyot Soyuz original L M U U2 FG 2.1v Soyuz/Vostok Sputnik Voskhod Vostok L K 2 2M R-29 Shtil' Volna Start-1 Tsyklon original 2 3 UR UR-500 Proton-K Rokot Strela Zenit 2 2M 3SL 3SLB 3F
Cancelled (no launch attempts)	Tsyklon-4 Proton Light Medium

R-7 rockets

Missiles

Launch systems

Sputnik Polyot Voskhod
Vostok	Luna Vostok-L Vostok-K Vostok-2 Vostok-2M
Molniya	Molniya Molniya-M
Soyuz	Soyuz/Vostok Soyuz Soyuz-L Soyuz-M Soyuz-U U2 Soyuz-FG
Soyuz 2	Soyuz 2.1a / 2.1b ST-A / ST-B Soyuz 2.1v

Launch sites

Launches

Engines

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Specifications

Sputnik 8A91

Sputnik specifications

See also

References