Sports equipment, also calledsporting goods, are the tools, materials, apparel, and gear, which varies in shapes, size, and usage in a particular sport. It includes balls,nets,rackets,protective gears likehelmets,goggles, etc. Since the performer must use a sport equipment,[1] it can also be serve for protection.[2][a]
Historically, many sports players have developed their own sporting equipment over time. For instance, the use of a football dates back toancient China, between theWarring States period (476–221 BC) and theHan Dynasty (220 AD).[4][5] As football remains the most popular sport in the 21st century, the material of the ball has completely changed over the centuries; from being made out of animal skin, to being lined with multiple layers of polyester or cotton.[6][citation needed]
As the sporting equipment industry improves, so do the athletes' performance. This is due to the fact that the equipment is more efficient, lighter and stronger, thus forming a biomechanical system that is interacting with the athlete.[7]
Since the massive adoption of wearable, new sport equipment tend to be electronics and connected to deliver data performances.
Standards and monitoring processes apply in certain industries aimed at the elimination ofchild labour in the manufacturing of sports goods. One example would be theAtlanta Agreement of 1997 in relation to child labour in the football-making industry in Pakistan.[8]
There are well-developed international trade markets for sports equipment: for example, a steady increase in sports equipment trade within the European Union and betweenEU member states and the rest of the world was reported during the period from 2017 to 2020.[9]
Inball sports,balls are a key element—usually as part of thescoring mechanism. Sports balls are usually in the shape of asphere, though they may also bespheroid orellipsoid. Spherical balls include thebaseball,basketball,Gaelic ball,cricket ball,golf ball,lacrosse ball,tennis ball, and theball used in association football. Spheroid and ellipsoid balls include thegridiron football andrugby ball.
Inflying disc sports,frisbees are used for variousgames such asfreestyle,disc golf andultimate.[10][11]
Inice hockey andfloor hockey, apuck is used.
In many games, goal posts are at each end of the playing field. In some games, such asassociation football,hockey andwater polo, the object is to pass the ball or puck between the posts below the crossbar. In basketball, the object is to pass the ball through thebasket. In these sports, the goal usually has anet. In other sports, such as those based onrugby, the ball must pass over the crossbar.
Intennis,badminton, andvolleyball, players launch the projectile over a net which is supported by two posts.
Incanoeing andkayaking, a handheld tool used to propel a human-powered watercraft;
Inracket sports, such aspadel,pickleball, andtable tennis, a flat-faced non-netted tool used for striking balls;
Rackets, a netted tool used for striking balls or shuttlecocks in sports such astennis,squash andbadminton.[12]
Fishing rods andfishing tackle are primarily used for fishing andsport fishing.
Sticks are used for sports such ashockey andlacrosse. Bats are used for sports such asbaseball,cricket, androunders. Clubs are used mainly forgolf.
Wickets,creases and balls are used incricket, andbases are used in baseball.[13]
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In many sports, athletes wearcleats. These include cricket spikes,football boots,golf shoes, andtrack spikes.
Cyclists wearcycling shoes, which may be designed for special interaction withpedals.
Wheeled shoes includeroller skates andinline skates.
Skiers wearski boots, which attach toskis viabindings. Similarly, snowboarders havesnowboard boots andbindings.
Athletes wearice skates in most ice-based sports, although there are exceptions such asbroomball andcurling.
Athletes with limb differences (such as those in theParalympics) may use extremityprostheses, such as theFlex-Foot Cheetah running blade.
Protective equipment is often worn for sports includingmotor sport andcontact sports, where there is a danger of injury through collision of players or other objects.
In many sports, athletes wear helmets. These include:
Padding is used to protect various body parts, most often aselbow pads,shin pads, andshoulder pads. Specialized equipment, such as thejockstrap andmouthguard, is used to protect certain body parts. Ice hockey players may wearneck guards. Some athletes wearsports gloves to protect their hands.
Many sports have a common set of clothing, usually called a uniform or kit, including theassociation football kit,baseball uniform,basketball uniform,cricket whites, andcycling kit. As part of the uniform, athletes may wearjerseys; they may also be called shirts,sweaters in ice hockey orguernseys in Australian rules football. These jerseys maychange color when the team ison the road.
Examples of training equipment includeswiss balls,resistance bands, tennis balls, balance discs, cones,weights,chin-up bars, weight machines, and gym equipment. Also, protective equipment such asweight lifting belts andbench shirts are used for weight training andpowerlifting.[citation needed]
Special sports equipment, is the equipment usually worn by the athletes according to their needs or desires.
Vehicles (sometimes specialized) are used as equipment for some sports, includingmotor sport, cycling,aeronautics, sailing andhot air ballooning.
Small vehicles withflatbeds are often used to carry injured athletes off the field, most commonly inAmerican football.
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