The company started as Clippert Trucking Company in 1964.[7][8] In 1974, the company changed its name to Ground Air Transfer, Inc. In 1983, the airline service was founded inMacomb County, Michigan, by Ned Homfeld asCharter One Airlines, aDetroit-based charter tour operator providing travel packages to entertainment destinations such asAtlantic City,Las Vegas, andthe Bahamas.[7]
In May 1992, Charter One broughtjet aircraft into the fleet and changed its name to Spirit Airlines.[7][9] Scheduled flights between Detroit and Atlantic City began on June 1, 1992.[9] Scheduled flights betweenBoston andProvidence began on June 15, 1992.[9]
In the summer of 1994, Spirit Airlines overbooked flights, and 1,400 customers' tickets were canceled.[12] The overbooking occurred because Spirit Airlines had given incorrect instructions totravel agents, causing those tickets not to be valid, even though the customers had paid for the flights.[12] In response to criticism, Spirit Airlines said it would make sure all paid customers would always be able to fly to their destination, even if Spirit Airlines had to book them on a competitor's airline.[12]
In 1996, Janet Patton became Spirit Airlines' first female pilot.[13] In 1998, she became the first female captain.[13] At the time, Spirit was utilizingDC-9[14] andMD-80 aircraft.[citation needed]
In 2000, the USFederal Aviation Administration (FAA) fined Spirit Airlines $67,000 for violating federal regulations on cabin and seat markings and placards.[18] Discrepancies were found in the marking and placarding of emergency equipment, passenger seats, storage areas and doors on eight of Spirit'sDC-9 andMD-80 aircraft.[19][20]
In November 2001, Spirit inaugurated service toSan Juan, Puerto Rico. They implemented a fully integrated Spanish-language customer service plan, including a website and dedicated reservation line.[21]
In January 2005,Ben Baldanza was hired as the President of Spirit, with the goal of making the company profitable. In 2006, following an investment byIndigo Partners, Baldanza was elevated to the CEO role and held the position for 10 years. This included a complete transformation of the business model and a public offering in 2011.[citation needed]
In 2006, Spirit exercised options to order 30Airbus A320-200 aircraft for further expansion. Deliveries began in March 2010.[citation needed]
In June 2008, Spirit Airlines made a WARN (Worker Adjustment and Retraining Notice) application to potentially relocate or lay off hundreds of pilots and flight attendants, and the closure of their San Juan and LaGuardia crew bases.[23] In September 2008, Spirit began placingadvertisements on the side of aircraft, overhead bins, tray tables, seatback inserts and bulkheads.[24]
In May 2009, after more than four years of inconclusive negotiations between the airline and theAir Line Pilots Association (ALPA), Spirit pilots overwhelmingly (98% of votes) voted in favor ofstrike action over compensation, work rules, and benefits. At that time, Spirit pilots were among the lowest-paidAirbus pilots in the United States. On June 12, 2010, Spirit grounded its flights when its unionized pilots walked out on strike, stranding thousands of passengers. This was the first passenger airline strike by American ALPA-represented pilots sinceComair in 2001.[25][26]
On June 15, negotiations between the airline and ALPA resumed. A tentative agreement was reached late in the evening on June 16. The tentative agreement, which Spirit pilots later ratified by a 74%,[27] brought Spirit pilots' compensation and benefits in line with comparable Airbus operators in the US. Flights resumed on June 18.[28]
In 2007, Spirit Plus was rebranded as "Big Front Seat" and business class service was discontinued. For an additional fee, a person could choose "Big Front Seat", or upgrade at the airport. In December 2010, Spirit Airlines introduced the Free Spirit WorldMasterCard.[29]
In April 2010, Spirit Airlines became the first U.S. airline to charge passengers for carry-on bags.[30] They were later followed byAllegiant Air andFrontier Airlines.[31]
In April 2012, Spirit refused to refund a terminally ill American military veteran, who had purchased a non-refundable ticket between Florida andAtlantic City before receiving orders from his doctor not to fly.[32][33] The decision caused outrage among veterans' groups and the general public, some of whom threatened to boycott Spirit unless both a refund and apology were issued. In May, Spirit CEOBen Baldanza apologized for how the situation was handled and personally refunded the man's ticket. The airline made a $5,000 donation to theWounded Warrior Project in his name.[34]
In August 2013, Spirit reached an agreement on a new five-year deal with theTransport Workers Union of America, who represent the airline's flight dispatchers.[35]
In November 2014,Morgan Stanley named Spirit the top growth airline pick for investors.[36]
In January 2016, formerAirTran CEORobert L. Fornaro replaced Baldanza as CEO.[37] This prompted rumors of a merger withFrontier Airlines,[38] which would have created the largest ultra-low-cost carrier in the Americas.[39] Fornaro announced the airline would be teaming up with theDisney Institute to "create a common purpose and a fresh set of service standards", and changing policies internally to create a more welcoming environment.[40]
In November 2017, Spirit's on-time performance was second in the country, behind onlyDelta Air Lines, a significant improvement from December 2015, when it ranked last among thirteen airlines with 68.7% of flights arriving on time.[41] In February 2018, Spirit was the only airline in North America to make the list of the top 10 safest in the world.[42]
In May 2018, Spirit announced that they would be the first ultra-low-cost carrier to fit their aircraft with high-speed WiFi access that started in the fall of 2018. All of their aircraft were expected to be equipped with WiFi by summer 2019.[43]
In October 2019, Spirit Airlines announced plans to move their headquarters toDania Beach, Florida. The new complex was planned to be around 500,000 square feet and will be equipped with flight simulators. The plans were changed in 2021 for the 6-story headquarters to be around 180,222 square feet, the training facility to be around 100,000 square feet and the parking garage to have 998 spaces.[44]
In December 2019, Spirit Airlines announced its intention to purchase 100 newAirbus A320neo family aircraft.[45][46][47] A February 2020 fleet plan outlines 293 aircraft planned by 2027.[48]
In 2020, due to theCOVID-19 pandemic, Spirit Airlines received $334 million in aid in the form of grants and loans via theCoronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security Act (CARES). The money was used to fund employees until September 30. In July 2020, the company announced that it would put 20–30% of its employees on leave of absence in October.[49] In August, some pilots and flight attendants agreed to take a voluntary leave of absence or have their work schedule temporarily reduced to avoid layoffs.[50]
In July 2020, a passenger died of COVID-19 on a Spirit Airlines flight.[51] Spirit Airlines claimed it notified theCenters for Disease Control but there was no record of the contact. Passengers on the flight were not informed that they were around an infected individual.[51]
In July–August 2022, Spirit's inflight Internet service, provided byThales' FlytLIVE, transitioned to a new satellite to provide "the fastest Wi-Fi service of any US-based airline". TheSES-17high-throughput satellite from operatorSES provides A320 and A321 passengers across all Spirit routes with connection speeds of up to 400 Mbit/s throughout their flight.[52][53][54]
In August 2023, the airline converted an order for 31Airbus A319neo into the larger A321neo. Spirit's order made up a third of all A319neo orders, questioning the type's future.[55]
On January 14, 2025, it was reported that Spirit Airlines would introduce new routes, along with some seasonal routes for spring break.[56]
On January 16, 2025, Spirit Airlines laid off 200 employees to reduce costs.[57] On January 24, Spirit Airlines updated its dress code, stating that a passenger can be denied boarding if they wear inappropriate clothing and/or offensive tattoos.[58]
On April 17, 2025, Spirit emerged from bankruptcy and named Dave Davis as its new CEO. Davis was previously the finance chief ofSun Country Airlines and had previously worked as CFO ofNorthwest Airlines before it merged withDelta Air Lines. This new role was to be effective April 21, 2025.[59]
In February 2022,Frontier Airlines announced its intention to acquire Spirit, pending regulatory approval, with Frontier Airlines stock as the surviving entity.[60] The deal would have made the combined airline the fifth-largest airline in the U.S.[61][62] In July 2022, Spirit's shareholders rejected Frontier's offer.[63]
In April 2022,JetBlue air proposed to acquire Spirit for $33 per share in cash, equivalent to $3.6 billion.[64][65] In May, Spirit said its board of directors had decided not to consider JetBlue's proposal. According to Spirit Airlines, JetBlue's proposed acquisition would be unlikely to be approved by theU.S. Department of Justice's Antitrust Division, because it would likely believe that an ultra-low-cost carrier being purchased by a higher-fare airline would increase fares for consumers. Spirit noted that the Antitrust Division was looking into JetBlue's strategic partnership withAmerican Airlines for the same reason.[66]
In July 2022, JetBlue reached an agreement to purchase Spirit for $33.50 per share, with additional inducements for Spirit shareholders.[67][68] The deal would have made the unified company the fifth-largest airline based in the United States.[68] Spirit shareholders voted to approve the deal[69] but the Department of Justice sued to block it,[70] alleging that the merger would result in "higher fares, fewer seats, and harm millions of consumers".[71][72] The trial began in October 2023,[73] and at its conclusion, a federal judge blocked JetBlue's acquisition of Spirit Airlines on January 16, 2024, stating that the deal was anticompetitive towards other airline corporations and would harm consumers. As a result, Spirit Airlines' stock fell by approximately 47% and the airline expressed concern over its future. Speculators predicted that Spirit may have to file forChapter 11 bankruptcy protection, followed by a liquidation process, if the airline could not come up with a growth plan.[74][75][76] However, on January 18, Spirit denied these speculations, saying that the company has no plans to file for bankruptcy and was looking for new plans to maintain its future.[77] JetBlue ended its takeover attempt on March 4, 2024, after federal judgeWilliam G. Young ruled the move would reduce competition.[78]
In November 2024, Spirit announced it was preparing to file for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection. The company's stock dropped over 50%, and quarterly results were not to be revealed due to the announcement.[79] On November 18, it filed for Chapter 11, listing assets and liabilities between $1 billion and $10 billion.[80] The company blamed mounting losses, failed merger agreements, increasing debt, and high competition. The company was to continue operating through the bankruptcy, from which it expected to emerge by the beginning of 2025. As a result of the bankruptcy filing, Spirit Airlines was delisted from theNYSE.[81][82]
In January 2025, Frontier Airlines again offered to purchase the airline. Spirit rejected the offer of $2.1 billion in stock and cash, which would have also required Spirit's creditors to invest $350 million. The offer was significantly lower than the $2.9 billion merger deal the airlines had announced in early 2022. Despite rejecting the initial offer, Spirit said it would welcome further negotiations with Frontier.[83]
In March 2025, Spirit Airlines emerged from Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection after finalizing its debt and having its take-private bankruptcy plan approved in February.[84]
In August 2025, Spirit Airlines announced that it was running out of cash and may not be able to stay in business for another year. The airline needed more cash to stay in business.[85] On August 29, 2025, after a failed restructuring, Spirit Airlines filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy for the second time in less than a year, as part of a plan to reduce its fleet and stabilize its position.[86]
In September 2025, Spirit announced it was planning to furlough one-third of its flight attendants—affecting around 1,800 people. The announcement came a week after the company said it planned to reduce flying capacity by 25% in its November schedule.[87]
In October 2025, Spirit Airlines revealed further details of its "shrink-to-shine" restructuring plan. The ultra-low-cost carrier announced intentions to furlough 365 pilots and downgrade up to 170 additional pilots in the first quarter of 2026, as part of broader efforts to restore profitability, including a projected net profit of $219 million in 2027.[88]
Spirit Airlines, Inc., is aDelaware corporation[89] that was publicly traded on the New York Stock Exchange until its bankruptcy filing in 2024 (NYSE: SAVE).
In 2019, the airline announced that it would move to new headquarters of up to 500,000-square-foot (46,000 m2) in the Dania Pointe development inDania Beach, Florida, spending $250 million. The airline anticipated the facility would house 1,000 employees.[97] The Dania Pointe headquarters opened for business in April 2024.[98]
Previously, Spirit had been headquartered at 2800 Executive Way, Miramar, Florida,[89] having moved there from its previous Eastpointe location in 1999. As of 2016[update], there were 600 employees located in the office. Chris Sloan ofAirways Magazine stated that the building was "nondescript low slung".[99] Sloan added that the interior, prior to a 2014 renovation, was, "To put it charitably, [...] a dump", but that employees felt ownership over the office.[99]
Under CEOBen Baldanza, Spirit began a transition to an ultra-low-cost carrier, following a fare model involving charging for amenities often included in the base ticket price of traditional carriers. Passengers who wanted to customize their itinerary or seat selection paid an add-on fee for each additional feature, enabling the carrier to earnancillary revenue in excess of 40% of total revenue.[100] These included having an agent print aboarding pass at check-in versus doing it online or at a kiosk,[101] fees for large carry-on or checked bags, and progressive fees for overweight bags, selected seat assignments, travel insurance and more.[102]
Spirit Airlines has been the subject of numerous complaints, and punitive actions by theUnited States Department of Transportation (DOT). Most of the claims against the company were for allegations of deceptive advertising practices, customer service, and the airline's policies for charging additional fees at the time of purchase:
In November 2011, the DOT fined Spirit $43,900 for alleged deceptive advertising practices. The complaint claimed that the airline had been running an advertising campaign which promoted specific discounted fares on billboards, posters, and Twitter, but did not disclose full details of extra fees added to the advertised rates.[104][105]
In January 2012, the DOT fined Spirit $100,000 for mishandling complaints related to its treatment of customers with disabilities.[106][107]
In 2013 and 2015, the DOT received more passenger complaints about Spirit than any other airline. The rate of complaints was "dramatically higher" than the overall rate for the industry.[108][109]
In February 2018, a 21-year-old passenger flushed her hamster down an airport bathroom, after the company refused to let her take the hamster on the flight. The passenger was misinformed by a reservation representative that she could bring the emotional support animal. She claimed that a flight attendant suggested that she flush the hamster down the toilet. The airline spokesperson said that nobody suggested to the passenger that she flush the hamster down the toilet.[110]
On August 3, 2021, Spirit Airlines canceled 40% of its flights, leaving travelers stranded because it had no arrangements with other airlines to book its passengers on other airlines' flights. Spirit Airlines said, "We're working around the clock to get back on track in the wake of some travel disruptions over the weekend due to a series of weather and operational challenges. We needed to make proactive cancellations to some flights across the network, but the majority of flights are still scheduled as planned."[111] By August 10, the schedule was stabilizing.[112]
In June 2023, a passenger was forced to urinate on the floor of a galley after a flight attendant denied her bathroom access for over two hours. The flight attendant filmed the incident and called the smell of her urine offensive. Meanwhile, the guest pleaded with the crew to allow her to use the bathroom, which they continually refused.[113][114]
July 17, 2015 – Spirit Airlines Flight 708, anAirbus A319-100 (registered as N519NK), suffered afume event while on descent intoBoston, Massachusetts. Both pilots were taken to a hospital the next day, with the captain showing symptoms ofTOCP poisoning and both crew members experiencing severe illness. While the first officer recovered, the captain died 50 days after the accident.[124][125]
^"World Airline Directory".Flight International. March 25–31, 1998. p. 92.Archived from the original on July 18, 2014 – via Flight Global/Archive.Spirit Airlines: 18121 East 8 Mile Road, Eastpointe, 48021, Michigan, USA
US$4.9 billion (2024)[6]
US$−1.1 billion (2024)[6]
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