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Aspecialty channel (also known in the United States as acable channel orcable network) can be acommercial broadcasting ornon-commercialtelevision channel which consists oftelevision programming focused on a singlegenre, subject or targetedtelevision market at a specificdemographic.
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The number of specialty channels greatly increased during the 1990s and 2000s with the increase ofbroadcast bandwidth andtelevision's transition to digital, while the previously common model of countries having just a few (national) TV stations addressing all interest groups and demographics became increasingly outmoded, as it already had been for some time in several countries. About 65% of today's satellite channels are specialty channels .[citation needed]
Types of specialty services may include, but by no means are limited to:
(These categories are provided for convenience and do not necessarily represent industry-accepted or otherwise legally binding names or categories for these types of services.)
Some specialty channels may not befree-to-air or may not be available through conventionalbroadcast or terrestrial television, and are only distributed viamultichannel television services such ascable orsatellite television. In the United States, such networks are colloquially referred to ascable channels orcable networks (regardless of distribution method), with the most widely distributed referred to as "basic cable" networks (as opposed to those in higher service tiers, orpremium services).[1] In the U.S., specialty channels also operate as broadcast television networks designed to be carried ondigital subchannels of terrestrial stations (which proliferated following thetransition from analog broadcasting), which usually focus on library programming catering to specific themes, genres, or demographics.
The term "specialty channel" has been used most frequently inCanada, having been used as a marketing term by the cable industry for various simultaneous launches of new channels throughout the 1990s. TheCanadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC) term for such a channel isspecialtyservice (or even more explicitly "specialty television programming undertaking"), referring to virtually any non-premium television service which is not carried over the airwaves or otherwise deemed exempt by the CRTC. They are primarily carried, therefore, oncable television andsatellite television.
The CRTC previously enforced strict regulations on the types of programming that may be carried by specialty services, employing minimums and restrictions across specific genres on a per-licence basis, and a category system granting exclusive rights to specific categories of channels. These restrictions were imposed to discourage networks fromdeviating from the programming format which they were licensed to broadcast. Under a deregulation scheme, the CRTC has since replaced these with streamlined, standard terms for most specialty channels (discretionary services), whose only major restrictions are on the broadcast of live sports programming. Contrarily, a service licensed as a mainstream sports network is restricted in their carriage of non-sport programming.
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