| Special Security Forces قوات الأمن الخاصة Quwwatul Amn al-Khasah | |
|---|---|
 | |
 Flag of the Yemeni Special Security Forces | |
| Agency overview | |
| Formed | 1980 |
| Preceding agency |
|
| Employees | ~50,000 (2008) |
| Jurisdictional structure | |
| Operations jurisdiction | Yemen |
| Operational structure | |
| Elected officer responsible |
|
| Agency executive |
|
| Parent agency | Ministry of Interior |
| Notables | |
| Significant Engagements | |
TheSpecial Security Forces (Arabic:قوات الأمن الخاصة,romanized: Quwwatul Amn al-Khasah), formerly known until 2013 as theCentral Security Organization (Arabic:قوات الأمن المركزي,romanized: Quwwatul Amn al-Markazi), is a paramilitary force inYemen under the control of the Minister of the Interior and forms a key part of the Yemeni security establishment.[1] The force was some 50,000 strong as of 2008[update], before theYemeni crisis began, and SSF units are equipped with a range of infantry weapons and armored personnel carriers. The force also has its own extrajudicial detention facilities.[2]
The CSO was founded as part of Yemen's efforts to combatal-Qaeda.[3]
Its first Chief of Staff wasMohammed Abdullah Saleh.[4]
He was succeeded by his son,Yahya Saleh, after his death in 2001. Under Yahya, the CSO became stronger, better paid, and better equipped. Yahya also oversaw the formation of the CTU, which was established with funding and training from the United States.[1]
Within hours of the2012 Sana'a bombing, an attack byAnsar al-Sharia on units of the CSF, Yahya Saleh was dismissed by PresidentAbdrabbuh Mansur Hadi through presidential decree.[5] Major GeneralFadhel Bin Yahiya al-Qusi replaced Saleh as the CSO's Chief of Staff.[citation needed]
The Central Security Organization was renamed as the Special Security Forces following a presidential decree on 21 February 2013.
On 8 September 2014 President Hadi relieved GeneralFadhel Bin Yahiya al-Qusi of his command of the SSF, and appointed GeneralMohammed Mansour al-Ghadra in his place.[6]
Although nominally part of theInterior Ministry, the CSO under Yahya was largely autonomous, and is composed of two main parts; the Central Security Forces (CSF) and the Counter-Terrorism Unit (CTU).
The CSF are paramilitary police that secure official buildings and infrastructure, as well as managing the dense network of security checkpoints on Yemen's highways. The CSF is also beginning to undertake covert countersurveillance at likely terrorist targets.[7]
In contrast, CTU is a far smaller force, comprising a 150-strong special forces unit that has been successful in undertaking raids throughout the country since 2003.[7]
Human Rights Watch has criticised the CSO, claiming that the organisation utilizes child soldiers and subjects Yemenis to arbitrary detention. Human Rights Watch has also alleged that CSF units deployed nearby had failed to prevent a killing spree carried out by pro-Saleh snipers on protesters inSana'a on18 March 2011, during theYemeni revolution.[8]
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in thepublic domain.