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Serializing novels during the late 1920s, ''Collier's'' sometimes simultaneously ran two ten-part novels, and non-fiction was also serialized. Between 1913 and 1949, [[Sax Rohmer]]'s [[Fu Manchu]] serials, illustrated by [[Joseph Clement Coll]] and others, were hugely popular. The first three Fu Manchu novels by Rohmer were actually compilations of 29 short stories that Rohmer wrote for ''Collier’s''. | Serializing novels during the late 1920s, ''Collier's'' sometimes simultaneously ran two ten-part novels, and non-fiction was also serialized. Between 1913 and 1949, [[Sax Rohmer]]'s [[Fu Manchu]] serials, illustrated by [[Joseph Clement Coll]] and others, were hugely popular. The first three Fu Manchu novels by Rohmer were actually compilations of 29 short stories that Rohmer wrote for ''Collier’s''. | ||
''The Mask of Fu Manchu'', which was adapted into [[The Mask of Fu Manchu|a 1932 film]] and a 1951 [[Wally Wood]] comic book, was first published as a 12-part ''Collier's'' serial, running from May 7 to July 23, 1932. The May 7 issue displayed a memorable cover illustration by famed maskmaker [[Władysław T. Benda]], and his [http://www.njedge.net/~knapp/Mask.htm mask design for that cover] was repeated by many other illustrators in subsequent adaptations and reprints.<ref name=rise/> | ''The Mask of Fu Manchu'', which was adapted into [[The Mask of Fu Manchu|a 1932 film]] and a 1951 [[Wally Wood]] comic book, was first published as a 12-part ''Collier's'' serial, running from May 7 to July 23, 1932. The May 7 issue displayed a memorable cover illustration by famed maskmaker [[Władysław T. Benda]], and his [https://web.archive.org/web/20060113063509/http://www.njedge.net/~knapp/Mask.htm mask design for that cover] was repeated by many other illustrators in subsequent adaptations and reprints.<ref name=rise/> | ||
A 1951 condensed version of the book [[Day of the Triffids]] by [[John Wyndham]] also appeared.<ref>Wyndham, John. ''The Day of the Triffids'', Fawcett Crest #449-01322-075, sixth printing, April 1970.</ref> | A 1951 condensed version of the book [[Day of the Triffids]] by [[John Wyndham]] also appeared.<ref>Wyndham, John. ''The Day of the Triffids'', Fawcett Crest #449-01322-075, sixth printing, April 1970.</ref> | ||
 Cover illustration byFrederic Remington (March 18, 1905) | |
| Founder | Peter F. Collier |
|---|---|
| First issue | April 28, 1888 (1888-04-28) |
| Final issue | January 4, 1957 (1957-01-04) |
| Country | United States |
| Language | English |
| ISSN | 2161-6469 |
Collier's was an Americanmagazine, founded in 1888 byPeter Fenelon Collier. It was initially launched asCollier's Once a Week, then changed in 1895 toCollier's Weekly: An Illustrated Journal,[1] and finally shortened in 1905 to simplyCollier's.[2] The magazine ceased publication with the issue dated January 4, 1957, though a brief, failed attempt was made to revive the Collier's name with a new magazine in 2012.[3]
As a result of Peter Collier's pioneeringinvestigative journalism,Collier's established a reputation as a proponent of social reform. When attempts by various companies to sue Collier ended in failure, other magazines became involved in whatTheodore Roosevelt described as "muckraking journalism."
Peter F. Collier (1849–1909) leftIreland for the U.S. at age 17.[4] Although he went to a seminary to become a priest, he instead started work as a salesman for P. J. Kenedy, publisher of books for theRoman Catholic market. When Collier wanted to boost sales by offering books on a subscription plan, it led to a disagreement with Kenedy, so Collier left to start his own subscription service. P. F. Collier & Son began in 1875, expanding into the largest subscription house in America with sales of 30 million books during the 1900–1910 decade.[5]
With the issued dated April 28, 1888,Collier's Once a Week was launched as a magazine of "fiction, fact, sensation, wit, humor, news". It was sold with the biweekly Collier's Library of novels and popular books at bargain rates and as a stand-alone priced at seven cents.[4] By 1892, with a circulation climbing past the 250,000 mark,Collier's Once a Week was one of the largest selling magazines in the United States. The name was changed toCollier's Weekly: An Illustrated Journal in 1895. With an emphasis on news, the magazine became a leading exponent of thehalftone news picture. To fully exploit the new technology, Collier recruitedJames H. Hare, one of the pioneers of photojournalism.
Collier's only son,Robert J. Collier, became a full partner in 1898. By 1904, the magazine was known asCollier's: The National Weekly. Peter Collier died in 1909.[6] When Robert Collier died in 1918, he left a will that turned the magazine over to three of his friends, Samuel Dunn,Harry Payne Whitney andFrancis Patrick Garvan.
The magazine was sold in 1919 to the Crowell Publishing Company, which in 1939 was renamed asCrowell-Collier Publishing Company.
In 1924 Crowell moved the printing operations from New York to Springfield, Ohio but kept the editorial and business departments in New York. Reasons given for moving print operations included conditions imposed by unions in the printing trade, expansion of the Gansevoort Market into the property occupied by the Collier plant and "excessive postage involved in mailing from a seaboard city under wartime postal rates.[7] After 1924, printing of the magazine was done at the Crowell-Collier printing plant on West Main Street inSpringfield, Ohio.[7] The factory complex, much of which is no longer standing,[8] was built between 1899 and 1946, and incorporates seven buildings that together have more than 846,000 square feet (78,600 m2)—20 acres (81,000 m2)—of floor space.
Collier's popularized the short-short story which was often planned to fit on a single page.Knox Burger wasCollier's fiction editor from 1948 to 1951 when he left to edit books for Dell andFawcett Publications; he was replaced by Eleanor Stierhem Rawson. The numerous authors who contributed fiction toCollier's includedRay Bradbury,Eleanor Hoyt Brainerd,Willa Cather,Roald Dahl,Jack Finney,Erle Stanley Gardner,Zane Grey,Ring Lardner,Sinclair Lewis,E. Phillips Oppenheim,J. D. Salinger,Kurt Vonnegut,Albert Payson Terhune andWalter Tevis. Humor writers included Parke Cummings andH. Allen Smith.[9][10]
Serializing novels during the late 1920s,Collier's sometimes simultaneously ran two ten-part novels, and non-fiction was also serialized. Between 1913 and 1949,Sax Rohmer'sFu Manchu serials, illustrated byJoseph Clement Coll and others, were hugely popular. The first three Fu Manchu novels by Rohmer were actually compilations of 29 short stories that Rohmer wrote forCollier’s.
The Mask of Fu Manchu, which was adapted intoa 1932 film and a 1951Wally Wood comic book, was first published as a 12-partCollier's serial, running from May 7 to July 23, 1932. The May 7 issue displayed a memorable cover illustration by famed maskmakerWładysław T. Benda, and hismask design for that cover was repeated by many other illustrators in subsequent adaptations and reprints.[5]
A 1951 condensed version of the bookDay of the Triffids byJohn Wyndham also appeared.[11]
Leading illustrators contributed to the covers ofCollier's. They includedC. C. Beall,W.T. Benda,Chesley Bonestell,[12]Charles R. Chickering (designer of U.S. postage stamps),[13]Howard Chandler Christy, Arthur Crouch,Harrison Fisher,James Montgomery Flagg, Alan Foster,Charles Dana Gibson,Vernon Grant, Earl Oliver Hurst, Percy Leason,Frank X. Leyendecker,J. C. Leyendecker,Paul Martin,John Alan Maxwell, Ronald McLeod,John Cullen Murphy,Maxfield Parrish,Edward Penfield, Robert O. Reed,Frederic Remington, Anthony Saris,John Sloan,Jessie Willcox Smith,Frederic Dorr Steele,Jon Whitcomb and Lawson Wood. Other top illustrators contributed prolifically to their short stories. They includedHarold Mathews Brett,Richard V. Culter,Robert Fawcett, Denver Gillen andQuentin Reynolds.
In 1903,Gibson signed a $100,000 contract, agreeing to deliver 100 pictures (at $1000 each) during the next four years. From 1904 to 1910,Parrish was under exclusive contract toCollier's, which published his famedArabian Nights paintings in 1906-07.
WhenNorman Hapgood became editor ofCollier's in 1903, he attracted many leading writers. In May 1906, he commissionedJack London to cover theSan Francisco earthquake, a report accompanied by 16 pages of pictures. Under Hapgood's guidance,Collier's began publishing the work of investigative journalists such asSamuel Hopkins Adams,Ray Stannard Baker,C.P. Connolly andIda Tarbell. Hapgood's approach had great impact, resulting in such changes as the reform of thechild labor laws,slum clearance andwomen's suffrage. In April 1905, an article byUpton Sinclair, "Is Chicago Meat Clean?", persuaded the Senate to pass the 1906Meat Inspection Act.
Starting October 7, 1905, Adams startled readers with "The Great American Fraud", an 11-partCollier's series. Analyzing the contents of popularpatent medicines, Adams pointed out that the companies producing these medicines were making false claims about their products and some were health hazards. Hapgood launched the series with the following editorial:
"The Great American Fraud" had a powerful impact and led to the firstPure Food and Drug Act (1906). The entire series was reprinted by the American Medical Association in a book,The Great American Fraud, which sold 500,000 copies at 50 cents each.
Hapgood had a huge influence on public opinion, and between 1909 and 1912, he succeeded in doubling the circulation ofCollier's from a half million to a million. When he moved on toHarper's Weekly in 1912, he was replaced as editor for the next couple years byRobert J. Collier, the son of the founder.Arthur H. Vandenberg, later to become a prominentSenator, had a brief stint as aCollier's editor during the 1900s.H. C. Witwer was a war correspondent in France during World War I.Rob Wagner covered the film industry forCollier's during the 1920s. They reversed their position on prohibition in 1925. This was due to the difficulty in enforcing the referendum, and people's unwillingness to stay away from alcohol. The new law brought about bribing, thieving, corruption and other ills, which far exceeded their expectations. This new alignment gained favor with the public and helped to rebuild circulation.
Writers such asMartha Gellhorn andErnest Hemingway, who reported on theSpanish Civil War, helped boost the circulation.Winston Churchill, who wrote an account of theFirst World War, was a regular contributor during the 1930s, but his series of articles ended in 1939 when he became aminister in theBritish government.Carl Fick was aCollier's staff writer prior to World War II.
The magazine's roster of top cartoonists includedCharles Addams,Carl Anderson,Stan and Jan Berenstain,Sam Berman,Sam Cobean,Jack Cole,A. B. Frost,Ralph Fuller,Dave Gerard,Vernon Grant,Jay Irving,Crockett Johnson,E. W. Kemble,Hank Ketcham,George Lichty,David Low,Bill Mauldin,Virgil Partch,Mischa Richter,William Steig,Charles Henry "Bill" Sykes, Richard Taylor,Gluyas Williams,Gahan Wilson andRowland B. Wilson. Irving's association withCollier's began in 1932, and his "Collier's Cops" became a mainstay of the magazine during his 13-year association with it.[14]
Kate Osann'sTizzy cartoons first appeared inCollier's. The redheaded Tizzy was a teenage American girl who wore horn-rimmed glasses with triangular lenses.Tizzy was syndicated byNEA afterCollier's folded. The cartoons were in color inCollier's but black-and-white in syndication and paperback reprints.
After WWII,Harry Devlin became the top editorial cartoonist atCollier's, one of the few publications then displaying editorial cartoons in full color. During the 1940s, Gurney Williams was the cartoon editor forCollier's,American Magazine andWoman's Home Companion, paying $40 to $150 for each cartoon. From a staggering stack of some 2000 submissions each week, Williams made a weekly selection of 30 to 50 cartoons, lamenting:
Joseph Barbera, before he found fame in animation, had several cartoons published inCollier's in the late 1920s and early 1930s.
The circulation battle withThe Saturday Evening Post led to the creation ofThe Collier Hour, broadcast 1927–32 on theNBC Blue Network. It was radio's first major dramatic anthology series, adapting stories and serials fromCollier's. The hour-long program initially aired on the Wednesday before weekly publication, but switched to Sundays to avoid spoilers with stories that appeared simultaneously in the magazine. In 1929 the program began to incorporate music, news, sports and comedy with the dramatic content of the show.[16]
DuringWorld War II with William L. Chenery as editor (1941),[17]Collier's readership reached 2.5 million. In the October 14, 1944 issue, the magazine published one of the first articles about concentration camps. It wasJan Karski's "Polish Death Camp," a harrowing account of his visit toBelzec. The now problematic title is explored in"Polish death camp controversy" (under heading "use and reactions"). Karski's bookStory of a Secret State (which contained theCollier's excerpt), was published later that year byHoughton Mifflin. It became aBook of the Month Club selection, and bestseller with 400,000 copies sold in 1944-45. TheCollier's selection was reprinted in Robert H. Abzug'sAmerica Views the Holocaust: 1933-1945 (Palgrave, 1999).
Collier's had a circulation of 2,846,052 when Walter Davenport took over as editor in 1946, but the magazine began to lose readers during the post-World War II years.Collier's published a regular men's fashion feature contributed by Esquire co-founderHenry L. Jackson[18] and also published long-awaited images from the 200-inch (5.08 m)Hale telescope'sfirst light in 1949.[19] In the early 1950s,Collier's ran a groundbreaking series of science-based articles speculating on space flight,Man Will Conquer Space Soon!, which prompted the general public to seriously consider the possibility of a trip to the moon, with the percentage of Americans who believed a manned lunar trip could happen within 50 years changing from 15% to 38% by 1955.[20]
In 1951, an entire issue described the events and outcome of a hypothetical war between the United States and the Soviet Union, entitledPreview of the War We Do Not Want.Collier's changed from a weekly to a biweekly in August 1953, but it continued to lose money. In 1954,John O'Hara became a columnist with his "Appointment with O'Hara" column.
The magazine ceased publication with the issue for the week ending January 4, 1957.[21]
The company also published theCollier's Encyclopedia,Collier Books and theCollier's Year Book.
Patricia Fulford editedOver 100 Best Cartoons from Collier's, Ladies Home Journal, Redbook, The American Magazine, Saturday Evening Post, The New Yorker, Argosy, Sport (Checkerbooks, 1949), andCollier's cartoon editor Gurney Williams editedCollier's Kids: Cartoons from Collier's About Your Children, Holt, 1952.
Collier's fiction editor Knox Burger chose 19 stories forCollier's Best (Harper & Bros., 1951), and he also selectedBest Stories from Collier's (William Kimber, 1952).[22] A huge history and collection appeared with the publication of the 558-pageA Cavalcade of Collier's, edited by Kenneth McArdle (Barnes, 1959).
Cornelius Ryan's 1957 bookOne Minute to Ditch!, about the successful ocean ditching of a Pan American Boeing 377 Stratocruiser, was an expansion of hisCollier's article in the December 21, 1956. Ryan was an associate editor of the magazine during the mid-1950s, and the novelistLonnie Coleman was an editorial associate during that same period.
{{cite book}}:ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)Peter F. Collier, publisher ofCollier's Weekly and well known in society here and abroad, dropped dead ofapoplexy in the Riding Club, at 7 East Fifty-eighth Street, early this morning. Mr. Collier had been attending the annual horse show which the club gives, and death overtook him as he was descending the stairs to the street.
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