Velasco-class cruiserInfanta Isabel in U.S. waters during the 1880s or 1890s, showing the appearance ofDon Juan de Austria
History
Spain
Name	Don Juan de Austria
Namesake	John of Austria
Builder	Naval shipyard,Cartagena,Spain
Laid down	1883
Launched	23 January 1887
Completed	1888 or 1889
Fate	Sunk 1 May 1898; captured and salvaged byU.S. Navy
General characteristics
Class & type	Velasco-classunprotected cruiser
Displacement	1,152 tons
Length	210 ft 0 in (64.01 m)
Beam	32 ft 0 in (9.75 m)
Draft	13 ft 8 in (4.17 m) maximum
Installed power	1,500 ihp (1,100 kW)
Propulsion	1-shaft, horizontal compound, 4-cylinder boilers
Sail plan	Barque-rigged
Speed	13 knots (24 km/h; 15 mph)
Complement	173 officers and enlisted
Armament	4 ×4.7-inch (119 mm) guns 4 ×6 pdr guns 1 × machine gun 2 × 14 in (356 mm)torpedo tubes
Notes	200 to 220 tons of coal (normal)

Don Juan de Austria was aVelasco-classunprotected cruiser of theSpanish Navy that fought in theBattle of Manila Bay during theSpanish–American War.

Don Juan de Austria was built at the naval shipyard atCartagena, Spain. Herkeel was laid in 1883 and the ship waslaunched on 23 January 1887. The cruiser was completed in 1888 or 1889. She had one rather tall funnel. The vessel had an iron hull and was rigged as abarque.

On 7 March 1890,Capitán de navío (ship-of-the-line captain)Manuel de la Cámara took command of the Philippine Division, a naval force composed ofDon Juan de Austria and the unprotected cruisersCastilla andDon Antonio de Ulloa designated to reinforce the Spanish Navy's AsiaticSquadron in thePhilippines.^[1][2] The division departed Cádiz^[2] on 9 April 1890.^[3] Transiting the Mediterranean Sea,Suez Canal, andIndian Ocean, the division encountered rough weather during its journey only in theGulf of Lyons.^[2] It called at Barcelona,Port Said,Suez,Aden, andColombo before arriving atSingapore on 2 June 1890.^[2] The three cruisers resumed their voyage the next day and arrived atManila on 17 June 1890. In the Philippines, the division became known as the "Black Squadron" because its ships were painted black instead of white, as other Asiatic Squadron ships were. Although a captain, Cámara commanded the division with the title of "commodore" of the division^[2] until December 1890, when illness forced him to relinquish command.^[1]

Don Juan de Austria remained in the Philippines after Cámara's departure. When the Spanish–American War broke out in April 1898, part of the Pacific Squadron ofRear AdmiralPatricio Montojo y Pasarón inManila Bay. At 1100 hours on 25 April 1898,Don Juan de Austria and five other ships of the squadron set out forSubic Bay, where Montojo hoped to take advantage of minefields and shore batteries in the likely event of an attack byU.S. Navy forces on his squadron. Arriving there, Montojo found that few of themines had been laid and theshore batteries had not yet been mounted. At 1030 hours on 29 April 1898,Don Juan de Austria and Montojo's other ships departed Subic Bay to return to Manila Bay, where shore batteries could support Montojo's squadron and where the shallow water might reduce the loss of life if the Spanish ships were sunk. The squadron anchored later that day inCañacao Bay offSangley Point, in the lee of theCavite Peninsula, about eight miles southeast ofManila.Don Juan de Austria made a quick trip to Manila to procure small craft, such as lighters, small boats, and barges, to be tied up alongside cruiserCastilla to protect her wooden hull from hostile gunfire.

When the U.S. Navy's Asiatic Squadron under CommodoreGeorge Dewey attacked, early on the morning of 1 May 1898 in theBattle of Manila Bay,Don Juan de Austria was at the extreme end of Montojo's line and at 0445 hours was the first Spanish ship to sight the approaching American warships. Dewey's squadron made a series of slow firing passes at the Spanish squadron.

Don Juan de Austria got underway in an unsuccessful attempt to close with the American warships. Although suffering increasing damage as more and more American shells struck her, she came to the aid ofCastilla whenCastilla was burning out of control and had to be abandoned. When Montojo's flagship, unprotected cruiserReina Cristina, also was knocked out of action, Dewey's squadron concentrated its fire onDon Juan de Austria. With her hull riddled and her steering wrecked, she was scuttled in shallow water, coming to rest on the bottom with her upper works above water. After the battle, a boarding party fromgunboatUSS Petrel went aboard and set the wreck ofDon Juan de Austria on fire.

After the war, the U.S. Navy raised and salvagedDon Juan de Austria and commissioned her into the U.S. Navy in 1900 asgunboatUSS Don Juan de Austria.

• Chesneau, Roger, and Eugene M. Kolesnik, Eds.Conway's All The World's Fighting Ships 1860–1905. New York, New York: Mayflower Books Inc., 1979.ISBN 0-8317-0302-4.
• Nofi, Albert A.The Spanish–American War, 1898. Conshohocken, Pennsylvania:Combined Books, Inc., 1996.ISBN 0-938289-57-8.

• The Spanish–American War Centennial Website:Don Juan de Austria
• Department of the Navy: Naval Historical Center: Online Library of Selected Images: Spanish Navy Ships:Don Juan de Austria (Cruiser, 1887–1898)

• Velasco-class cruisers
• Ships built in Cartagena, Spain
• 1887 ships
• Spanish–American War cruisers of Spain
• Captured ships
• Maritime incidents in 1898
• Shipwrecks of the Philippines
• Shipwrecks in the South China Sea
• Shipwrecks of the Spanish–American War

• Use dmy dates from January 2017