The Spalding Flower Parade was held annually from 1959 to 2013, and has been held again each year since 2022. The parade celebrates the region's largetulip production and the cultural links between the Fens and the landscape and people of South Holland. At one time, it attracted crowds of more than 100,000.
Archaeological excavations at Wygate Park in Spalding have shown that there has been occupation in this area from at least the Roman period,[2] when this part of Lincolnshire was used for the production of salt. It was a coastal siltland. At Wygate Park salt-making seems to have come to an end by the mid-7th century BC climatic change and flooding may have made such activities difficult, causing the practice to die out.[3]
The settlement's name is derived from an Anglian tribe, theSpaldingas, who settled in the area during the 6th century. They may have retained their administrative independence within the Kingdom ofMercia into the late 9th century, whenStamford became one of theFive Boroughs of the East Midlands underDanish control after years of invasion and occupation.
Spalding was a settlement mentioned in theDomesday Book of 1086, in the hundred of Elloe and the county of Lincolnshire.[4]It had a recorded population of 91 households in 1086, putting it in the largest 20% of settlements recorded in Domesday, and is listed under 3 owners in Domesday Book.
Land of Crowland (St Guthlac), abbey of
Households: 7 villagers. 4 smallholders. Land and resources Ploughland: 1.5 ploughlands. 3 men's plough teams. Valuation: Annual value to lord: 1 pound in 1086; 1 pound in 1066.Other information Phillimore reference: Lincolnshire 11,2
Land of Ivo Tallboys
Households: 40 villagers. 33 smallholders. Land and resources Ploughland: 9 ploughlands. 4 lord's plough teams. 13 men's plough teams.Other resources: 6 fisheries. 2 salthouses.Valuation: Annual value to lord: 30 pounds in 1086; 23 pounds 2 shillings and 7 pence in 1066.Other information Phillimore reference: Lincolnshire 14,97
Land of Guy of Craon
Households: 5 villagers. 2 smallholders. Land and resources Ploughland: 1 lord's plough teams. 1 men's plough teams.Other resources: 2 salthouses.Valuation: Annual value to lord: 2 pounds in 1086; 2 pounds in 1066.Other information Phillimore reference: Lincolnshire 57,54
In John Bartholomew'sGazetteer of the British Isles (1887), Spalding was described as a:
market town and par. with ry. sta., Lincolnshire, on River Welland, 14 m. SW. of Boston, 12,070 ac., pop. 9260; P.O., T.O., three Banks, two newspapers. Market-day, Tuesday. Spalding is an important railway centre, while the river has been made navigable to the town for vessels of from 50 to 70 tons. It is in a rich agricultural district, and has a large trade, by river and by rail, in corn, wool, coal, and timber. It has also flour, bone, and sawmills, breweries, and coach works. There are remains of apriory of 1501, a fine old church (restored 1860), a grammar school, a corn exchange, and a spacious market place.[5]
Around 5,000 children were evacuated to the town in 1939; 116 London County Council teachers came with the children. Around 400 children stayed until the end of the war. The worst raid was in the early hours of Monday 12 May 1941, with 5 people killed; 14 high explosive bombs hitBicker, Lincolnshire on the same night, but not one exploded. Another raid was on the afternoon of Sunday 2 August 1942, with much damage but no-one was killed. These were the town's only two serious raids, with 34 high explosive bombs on the town, and 116 in the wider Spalding area.[6]
The Welland"The Map of South Holland" from "The history of imbanking and drayning" byWilliam Dugdale (1662).
TheRiver Welland flows north fromCrowland, through Spalding and passing the village and port ofFosdyke before leading out tothe Wash, bisecting Spalding from east to west; the town has developed as a linear settlement around the river. Land had been reclaimed from the wetlands in the area since mediaeval times, and Spalding was subject to frequent flooding. The Coronation Channel, opened in 1953, diverted the excess waters around Spalding and ended the flooding.[7] The area around the banks has been developed for residential and business use. Although this area has become heavily built up, there is much recreational use of the river andfishing is still popular.
Around the northwest of Spalding is a large waterway called Vernatt's Drain, named after one of the Adventurers who drained the Fens in the 17th century.Philibert Vernatti was made a baronet on 7 June 1643.
A South Holland council nature reserve is situated on part of the old Boston railway line at Vernatts Drain. The Drain runs from the pumping station at Pode Hole to Surfleet Seas End.
Fulney Lock is the point where the Welland is no longer tidal.[8] Spalding falls within the drainage area of the Welland and DeepingsInternal Drainage Board.[9]
The town (including the large village of Pinchbeck, to the north and the hamlet of Little London to the south) had a population of about 31,588 at the 2011 census and an estimated population of 36,737 in 2020 according to government data.[10]
In the past concerns have been expressed about the exploitation of farm and industrial workers from eastern Europe, as well as increased pressure on local services as a result of unplanned population increase; in 2007 the local MP,Mark Simmonds, said that "the real scale [ofmodern slavery in the area] is unknown, but it is out of control".[11]
The Johnson Hospital,[12] named after prominent local figures, the Johnson family ofAyscoughfee Hall, is in Spalding. The maternity ward was closed in the 1990s, and it served as a casualty hospital. The elderly and care patients were cared for at the Welland Hospital. Limits on expansion due to the historic nature of the building and space limitations (it is in a densely developed area) and lack of funding are causing financial trouble for the hospital and it relocated in 2000 to a new site in the town.
The Johnson Community Hospital in Spalding
A new nurse-led hospital was built in 2009[12] off Pinchbeck Road in the north of the town, near the Pinchbeck Industrial Estate. The hospital is known as "The Johnson Community Hospital", keeping the historic connection with the Johnson family. ThePrincess Royal formally opened the new hospital in January 2010. This has drawn facilities from existing scattered sites into a modern central unit. The Johnson Hospital has 32 in-patient beds in the Welland Ward, including the four beds of the Tulip Suite for palliative care. There are two major local doctors' surgeries: Munro Medical Centre, West Elloe Avenue, and the relocated Church Street Surgery at Beechfield Medical Centre in Beechfield Gardens. Smaller surgeries are in surrounding villages.
Spalding's two secondary modern schools (11-16) were theGleed Boys' School and theGleed Girls' Technology College. In 2012 they were combined as theSir John Gleed School (now called Spalding Academy). On leaving Sir John Gleed School, many pupils transferred to nearby sixth forms or attendedBoston College orNew College Stamford, which both haveFurther Education centres in the town. In 2016, South Lincolnshire Academies Trust (SLAT) took over management of the Sir John Gleed School fromCFBT, and it was renamed Spalding Academy.
There are also schools for children with special learning needs: the Priory School (for those with mild to moderate learning difficulties) and the Garth School (for those with more demanding educational needs).
A vocational 6th form was established and launched in September 2008 as part of the Gleed Campus. It is not an automatic transition as with other schools in the area, like the Grammar, High, and the Deepings. Previous to this, there was no sixth-form available for pupils not attending the grammar schools, although pupils from Gleed schools can and do transfer to the Grammar and High for A-Levels.
Known asThe Heart of the Fens, Spalding has been long famous as a centre of thebulb industry. It has had close links with theNetherlands (origin of the Geest family, who were former major local employers).
The annual Tulip Parade took place on the first Saturday in May, from 1959[16] and was a major tourist attraction. Its procession offloats on various themes, was each decorated with tulip petals, a by-product of the bulb industry. In years when the tulips are late,daffodils or hyacinths were sometimes used in their place. When the tulips were early,crepe paper had to be substituted. The flower industry has become less important since the early 21st century. The bands of brightly coloured tulip fields in bloom in spring that covered the fenland have decreased markedly. At its peak, the Parade attracted more than 100,000 visitors, but by 2012, fewer than 40,000 attended. That year, the Lincolnshire County Council and South Holland District Council announced they would not fund the parade beyond 2013.[17][18]
Spalding was chosen to host the World Tulip Summit in 2008, alongside a broader "Tulipmania" festival which coincided with the date of the fiftieth Flower Parade.
The Spalding Tulip Parade was revived in 2023 by Stephen Timewell and many volunteers, and paid for through crowdfunding.[19]
FESA UK Ltd: Based in Spalding since the late 1980s, are fresh produce importers and packers, part of the Spanish cooperative group Anecoop. They provide employment to a large proportion of the local population at their 130,000 square foot (12,000 m2) facilities in Clay Lake.
Greencore (formerly Unigate and Uniq Plc): factory for prepared salads.
Fowler-Welch: historically a Spalding transport company, have their UK base in the town on West Marsh Road, and were bought by theDart Group in 1994. The company was sold on 1 June 2020 to Culina Group.[20]
Bakkavör: purchased the main Spalding-based company Geest, for £485 million. It had an operation on West Marsh Road and factories inHolbeach and Peterborough. It began in 1935 as Geest Horticultural Products by[clarification needed] John and Leonard van Geest who imported tulip bulbs to the UK. A salad preparation factory in Spalding opened in 1972. It launched on theLondon Stock Exchange in 1986. In 2010 Bakkavör moved its central operations and registered head office to their Spalding site.
EMAP: publishing company now mainly based inOrton, Peterborough. Formerly known as East Midlands Allied Press, it was started by SirRichard Winfrey in Spalding.[21] when he bought theSpalding Guardian in 1887. This became EMAP in 1947, and launched thePeterborough Evening Telegraph in 1961. Sir Richard Winfrey's first local newspapers were initially designed to promote his Liberal politics.
Spalding Power Station: A 860 MW gas-fired Spalding Power Station was opened in Spalding in 2004 at West Marsh Road at an initial cost of £425 million. Has since been extended with a £100 million phase 2 300 MW expansion opening 2019.
Ayscoughfee Hall dates from the 15th century and is now operated as a museum.
Spalding Parish Church, dedicated to St Mary and St Nicolas, was built in 1284 by William de Littleport ofSpalding Priory. The tower and spire were added in 1360.
Other local attractions are thePinchbeck Engine Museum (just north of Spalding), the Bulb Museum (situated at Birch Grove Garden Centre, Pinchbeck) and theGordon Boswell Romany Museum, to the south of the town. TheChain Bridge Forge is a 19th-century blacksmith'sforge on the River Welland; many of its original features have been preserved and it is operated as a museum.
The Chatterton Tower is a prominent landmark, a water tower with offices below, built in 1955.[26][27] It stands 30m tall and is 29m wide, and was extensively restored in 2018.[28]
Spalding War Memorial is in the grounds of Ayscoughfee Hall and commemorates the 224 men from the town killed in the First World War. It was conceived byBarbara McLaren, the widow of the town's MPFrancis McLaren, and designed bySir Edwin Lutyens, known for his war memorials includingthe Cenotaph onWhitehall in London. It takes the form of a pavilion and aStone of Remembrance at the head of a long reflecting pool; the names of the fallen are inscribed on the back wall of the pavilion.[29]
There are several supermarkets: a smallTesco Express store, aSainsbury's, a Lidl and an Aldi in the centre of the town and a Morrisons inPinchbeck. Outside of the town centre,Springfields Outlet Shopping & Leisure offers a wide range of outlet stores set in landscaped gardens designed byCharlie Dimmock andChris Beardshaw, among others.[30] The Castle Sports Complex provides fitness facilities throughout the day and evening. The South Holland Centre is an arts centre on Market Place that stages concerts and theatre productions and shows films.
The new £425m, 860MWcombined cyclegas turbineSpalding Power Station, owned by InterGen, was built on the former site of British Sugar onWest Marsh Road byBechtel in October 2004.A second 300 MW expansion to the existing Power station opened in 2019.[32] Plans were submitted in December 2021 for a £160 million scheme to build one of the world's largest battery energy storage systems on land next to the existing power station. The Spalding Battery Energy Storage System project is being proposed by owners InterGen; plans have been submitted for approval to South Holland District Council.[33]
The local rugby team is Spalding RFC, who play in Midland Division -Midlands 3 South. They play at Memorial Field.
The local cricket team is Spalding Town Cricket Club,[34] who have three teams on a Saturday in the South Lincs and Border Leagues and a Rutland League team and a Friendly XI on a Sunday for 2012. This as well as youth teams at multiple age groups competing in the BCYCA Leagues.
The local hockey club is Spalding HC,[35] with the men's 1st XI playing in East Division Premier Division and the women in 1N.
Spalding, like nearby Boston, is a regular destination of heavy goods vehicles transporting processed vegetables and other food produce. TheA16 used to pass through the town until August 1995, when the Spalding-Sutterton Improvement (by-pass) was opened, built mostly on the closed Spalding to Boston railway line. The twelve-mile (19 km)A1073 between Spalding andEye Green in Peterborough has been replaced by a completely new road classified as the A16, replacing the previous A16 that ran toStamford. The older road has been renumbered as theA1175.
On 4 May 2002, Spalding had the honour of having a main-line diesel locomotive named after it.Class 31 diesel No. 31106, in immaculate condition after a major works overhaul, hauled the 'St James Tripper' excursion toPeterborough from Preston via Doncaster, Lincoln and Sleaford, and made a brief stop at the station to have its 'Spalding Town' nameplates unveiled by Colin Fisher, Chairman ofSouth Holland District Council. No. 31106 was owned by Norfolk-based businessman and author Howard Johnston, who was born at nearbyCowbit and educated in the town. The locomotive was employed onNetwork Rail track measurement trains all over the United Kingdom, but was sold in 2020. A replica 'Spalding Town' nameplate was presented to SHDC for public display.
1871 - The population of Spalding according to the census was 9,111
1874 - The ecclesiastical parish ofSt. John the Baptist was formed on 1 December from the civil parishes of Spalding andPinchbeck
St Paul's church, Fulney
1875 - The Church of St John the Baptist and the primary school next door to it, with the same name, were built
1875-76 - The Church of St. Peter, on the site of the old Abbey, was built
1878 - Spalding'sRoman Catholic church in Henrietta Street, dedicated to the Immaculate Conception and St. Norbert, was built
1878 -Frank Pick was born, who became the CEO of London Passenger Transport Board and architect of the 'modern' typography still used on the Underground today
1881 - The presentgrammar school building in Priory Road was erected
1884 - Spalding's last house of correction was closed. Part of the site is now occupied by SpaldingLibrary[citation needed]
Springfields Factory Outlet
1887 - TheMethodist church in Broad Street was opened
1891 - The population of Spalding according to the census was 9,014
1916 - Spalding Arts and Crafts Society was founded by surgeons at the Johnson Hospital for convalescent soldiers wounded in the First World War. Spalding Town Council sponsored their first exhibition in 1918
1941 - In May, duringWorld War II, a strayLuftwaffe bomber dropped its bombs on Spalding, destroying much of Hall Place and causing damage to several businesses. The raid killed 5 people[45]
1958 - The first Spalding Flower Parade took place
1959 - Closure of M&GN railway ends direct passenger services from Leicester to Great Yarmouth via Bourne, Holbeach, Long Sutton, Sutton Bridge, King's Lynn, Fakenham and Norwich
1960 - St Nicolas Players Amateur Dramatic Society was formed in Spalding. The group's name was based on their use of the St. Nicolas Church Hall for early meetings
1965 - Spalding and District Amateur Radio Society formed
1970 - Closure of East Lincolnshire line ends direct rail services to Boston, and through services from Grimsby to London
1974 - In April Spalding moves fromHolland local authority (based in Boston) to the new South Holland council, based in Spalding. South Holland is the larger of the two former districts of Holland
1982 - Closure of GN&GE 'Joint Line' railway to March
2001 - The population of Spalding according to the census was 25,780[10]
2002 - Main line railway locomotive named 'Spalding Town' in ceremony at the station
2004 - A New 860 MW gas-firedSpalding Power Station was opened in Spalding at West Marsh Road at a cost of £425 million[48]
2004 - Springfields Outlet Centre opened in May[49]
2008 -Tulip Radio was awarded a full-time broadcasting licence fromOfcom and it started broadcasting in early 2009 but closed in 2017[50]
2009 - The Johnson Community Hospital, a Nurse Led Hospital was opened[12] off Pinchbeck Road in the north of the town
2011 - The population of Spalding according to the census was 31,588[10]
2016 - The first Spalding Festival is held. A community beer and music festival organised by Spalding Round Table that donates tens of thousands of pounds to good causes in the local Community.
2020 - Spalding Railway Station completed a major £2.5 million refit improving accessibility at the station by installing lifts. Its Grade II listed three storey main building also received an internal and external facelift[51]
2021 - The population of Spalding, according to the government data, was estimated to be 36,737[10]
2021 - Spalding’s Urgent Treatment Centre (UTC) was opened on the 1 April 2021, in the upgraded Johnson Community Hospital[52]
2023 - Ayscoughfee Hall and gardens had a £375,000 upgrade by South Holland District Council[53]
2023 - Spalding's Castle Sports Centre awarded £25 million from the Central Government Levelling Up fund[54]
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Brassington, Marion, Peter Case and Roger Seal,The History of a Fenland Parish: The Parish of St Mary and St Nicolas, Spalding (Spalding: St Mary's and St Nicholas's Parochial Church Council, 1997).
Clark, Bernard,Spalding: The Evolution of a Fenland Town (Spalding: Holland Teachers' Centre, 1978).
Honeybone, Diana, and Michael Honeybone (eds.),The Correspondence of the Spalding Gentlemen's Society, 1710-1761, Publications of theLincoln Record Society, no. 99 (Woodbridge:Boydell Press, 2010).
Hoskins, J. P.,The Story of the Parish Church of St Mary & St Nicholas (Spalding:Spalding Free Press Co., 1936).
Korthals-Altes, J.,Sir Cornelius Vermuyden: The Lifework of a Great Anglo-Dutchman in Land Reclamation and Drainage (London:Williams & Norgate, 1925).
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Leveritt, Norman (ed.),A Faithfull Witness: A History of the Methodist Church, Broad Street, Spalding, 1887-1987 (Stratford: Premier Publications, 1987).
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Symonds, James, "Shifting Silts and Changing Fortunes: Recent Excavations in Spalding Town Centre",Fenland Research, vol. 5 (1988), pp. 31–38.
Wheeler,The Fens of South Lincolnshire, 2nd ed. (Boston: J. M. Newcombe, 1897).
Wright, Neil R.,Spalding: An Industrial History (Lincoln: Lincolnshire Industrial Archaeology Group, 1973).
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