 TMA-1 approaches the ISS | |
| Mission type | ISS crew transport |
|---|---|
| Operator | Russian Space Agency |
| COSPAR ID | 2002-050A |
| SATCATno. | 27552 |
| Mission duration | 185 days, 22 hours, 53 minutes, 14 seconds |
| Orbits completed | ~3,020 |
| Spacecraft properties | |
| Spacecraft | Soyuz-TMA-1 11F732 No. 211[1] |
| Spacecraft type | Soyuz-TMA |
| Manufacturer | Energia |
| Crew | |
| Crew size | 3 |
| Launching | Sergei Zalyotin Frank De Winne Yury Lonchakov |
| Landing | Nikolai Budarin Kenneth Bowersox Donald Pettit |
| Callsign | Yenisey |
| Start of mission | |
| Launch date | October 30, 2002, 03:11:11 (2002-10-30UTC03:11:11Z) UTC |
| Rocket | Soyuz-FG |
| Launch site | Baikonur,Site 1/5 |
| Contractor | Progress |
| End of mission | |
| Landing date | May 4, 2003, 02:04:25 (2003-05-04UTC02:04:26Z) UTC |
| Landing site | Kazakh Steppe (49°37′47″N61°20′36″E / 49.62972°N 61.34333°E /49.62972; 61.34333) |
| Orbital parameters | |
| Reference system | Geocentric orbit |
| Regime | Low Earth orbit |
| Perigee altitude | 387 km (240 mi) |
| Apogee altitude | 395 km (245 mi) |
| Inclination | 51.63° |
| Period | 92.4 minutes |
| Epoch | 6 November 2002[2] |
| Docking withISS | |
| Docking port | Pirs nadir |
| Docking date | 1 November 2002, 05:01:20 UTC |
| Undocking date | 3 May 2003, 22:43:00 UTC |
| Time docked | 183 days, 17 hours, 41 minutes, 40 seconds |
 Launching mission insignia  Launching crew, from left:De Winne,Zalyotin andLonchakov | |
Soyuz TMA-1[a], also catalogued asSoyuz TM-35, was a 2002Soyuz mission to theInternational Space Station (ISS) launched by aSoyuz FG launch vehicle with a Russian-Belgian cosmonaut crew blasted off from theBaikonur Cosmodrome inKazakhstan.[3] This was the fifth Russian Soyuz spacecraft to fly to the ISS. It was also the first flight of theTMA-class Soyuz spacecraft.[4]Soyuz TM-34 was the last of the prior Soyuz-TM spacecraft to be launched.
| Position | Launching crew | Landing crew |
|---|---|---|
| Commander |  Sergei Zalyotin,RSASecond and last spaceflight | Nikolai Budarin,RSA Expedition 6 Soyuz Commander Third and last spaceflight |
| Flight Engineer |  Frank De Winne,ESAFirst spaceflight |  Kenneth Bowersox,NASAExpedition 6 ISS Commander/Soyuz Flight Engineer Fifth and last spaceflight |
| Flight Engineer | Yury Lonchakov,RSA Second spaceflight | Donald Pettit, NASA Expedition 6 Flight Engineer First spaceflight |
In the spring of 2001, a taxi mission to the space station was being scheduled to take place in October 2002. At first the crew was to be commanderSergei Zalyotin and flight engineerFrank De Winne; however, a report released in February 2002 stated that American musicianLance Bass was interested in joining the crew for a one-week mission on board the Russian spacecraft. The mission began to fall through, and by September 2002 they had discontinued the training of Lance Bass due to the mission organizers' failure to meet the terms of the contract. They filled the vacant seat left by Lance Bass with Russian cosmonautYuri Lonchakov.
While the Soyuz TMA-1 was on orbit, theSpace Shuttle Columbia disaster occurred and required a change in crew changeout process. The Soyuz system became the sole method for crew to launch to and return from the ISS until the space shuttle wasreturned to service in July 2005.
Soyuz TMA-1 disembarked from ISS on May 4, 2003 and immediately began its return to Earth, marking the first entry and descent for this Soyuz class. A technical malfunction caused the Soyuz control system to abandon the gentler controlled entry and descent and instead fall back to the harsher ballistic reentry and descent. This resulted in a steep and off target landing of the spacecraft. The craft landed 300 miles short of the planned area, and the crew was subjected to severeacceleration loads. Communication with the Soyuz was lost because one antenna was ripped off during descent, and two more did not deploy.[citation needed] The crew regained communications through an emergency transmitter after landing. Due to this event, future crews would be provided with a satellite phone to establish contact with recovery forces.
Subsequent Soyuz TMA missions were able to successfully execute controlled reentries until theSoyuz TMA-10 andSoyuz TMA-11 missions which both also reverted to ballistic descents.
Don Pettit, concerned that the film documenting his science experiments on the ISS would be damaged by space radiation before the next Shuttle could bring it home, decided to secure the film and other items in a 20-kilogram (44 lb) pack he placed on his chest during reentry. While a normal Soyuz entry involves 3 G's, the ballistic reentry subjecting the crew to over 8 G's. This extreme force made the pack feel like a 160-kilogram (350 lb) weight pressing down on Pettit's chest.[6][7] Pettit was left exhausted and reportedly dislocated a shoulder, but the space agencies downplayed the situation saying the astronauts were in good shape.[8]
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