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Soyuz 27

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Space mission of the Sojuz program

This article is about the Soyuz 27 spacecraft. For the crew launched in Soyuz 27, seeSalyut 6 EP-1.

Soyuz 27
Spacecraft properties

Mission type	Crewed mission toSalyut 6
Operator	OKB-1
COSPAR ID	1978-003A
SATCAT no.	10560
Mission duration	65 days
Orbits completed	1025


Spacecraft	Soyuz s/n 44
Spacecraft type	Soyuz 7K-T
Manufacturer	NPO Energia
Launch mass	6800 kg


Crew
Crew size	2
Launching	Vladimir Dzhanibekov Oleg Makarov
Landing	Yuri Romanenko Georgy Grechko
Callsign	ПамирPamir Pamir Mountains


Start of mission
Launch date	10 January 1978, 12:26:00 UTC
Rocket	Soyuz-U s/n D15000-106
Launch site	Baikonur,Site 1/5^[1]
Contractor	OKB-1


End of mission
Landing date	16 March 1978, 11:18:47 UTC
Landing site	310 km at west ofTselinograd


Orbital parameters
Reference system	Geocentric
Regime	Low Earth
Perigee altitude	198.9 km
Apogee altitude	253.8 km
Inclination	51.65°
Period	88.73 minutes


Docking withSalyut 6
Docking date	11 January 1978, 14:05:54 UTC
Undocking date	16 March 1978, 07:58:00 UTC

Soyuz programme (Crewed missions) ← Soyuz 26 Soyuz 28 →

Soyuz 27 (Russian:Союз 27,Union 27) was a 1978Soviet crewed spacecraft which flew to the orbitingSalyut 6 space station, during the missionEP-1.^[2] It was the third crewed flight to the station, the second successful docking and the first visitation mission. Once docked, it marked the first time that three spacecraft were docked together.

The main function of the EP-1 mission was to swap Soyuz craft with the orbiting crew, in so doing freeing a docking port for a forthcoming supply tanker.Cosmonauts Vladimir Dzhanibekov andOleg Makarov returned to Earth in theSoyuz 26 spacecraft after spending five days on the station. The descent module is displayed at theSergei Pavlovich Korolyov Museum of Cosmonautics inZhytomyr,Ukraine.^[3]

Crew

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Position	Launching Cosmonaut	Landing Cosmonaut
Commander	Vladimir Dzhanibekov EP-1 First spaceflight	Yuri Romanenko EO-1 First spaceflight
Flight engineer	Oleg Makarov EP-1 Third spaceflight	Georgy Grechko EO-1 Second spaceflight

Backup crew

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Position	Cosmonaut
Commander	Vladimir Kovalyonok
Flight engineer	Aleksandr Ivanchenkov
The launching and landing crews had the same backups

Mission parameters

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Mass: 6,800 kilograms (15,000 lb)
Perigee: 198.9 kilometres (123.6 mi)
Apogee: 253.8 kilometres (157.7 mi)
Inclination: 51.65°
Period: 88.73 minutes

References

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^"Baikonur LC1". Encyclopedia Astronautica. Archived fromthe original on 15 April 2009. Retrieved4 March 2009.
^Becker, Joachim."Spaceflight mission report: Soyuz 27".Spacefacts.de. Retrieved10 August 2017.
^"Подорож у минуле" [Journey to the past].S.P. Korolev Cosmonautics Museum of the Zhytomyr Regional Council (in Russian). Sergei Pavlovich Korolyov Museum of Cosmonautics. 2013. Retrieved17 July 2016.

External links

[edit]

Zimmerman, Robert (6 September 2003).Leaving Earth: Space Stations, Rival Superpowers, and the Quest for Interplanetary Travel.doi:10.17226/10531.ISBN 978-0-309-09739-0. Retrieved10 August 2017.

Soyuz programme

Main topics

Past missions
(by spacecraft type)

Soyuz 7K-OK (1966–1970)	Kosmos 133† Soyuz 7K-OK No.1†(uncrewed) Kosmos 140 Soyuz 1† Kosmos 186 188 212 213 238 Soyuz 2 (uncrewed) 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Soyuz 7K-L1 (1967–1970) (Zond lunar programme)	Kosmos 146 154† Zond 1967A† 1967B† Zond 4 1968A† 1968B† 5 6 1969A† Zond-M 1† M 2† Zond 7 8 9 10
Soyuz 7K-L1E (1969–1970)	Soyuz 7K-L1E No.1† Kosmos 382
Soyuz 7K-LOK (1971–1972)	Soyuz 7K-LOK No.1† No.2†
Soyuz 7K-OKS (1971)	Soyuz 10† 11†
Soyuz 7K-T (1972–1981)	Kosmos 496 573 Soyuz 12 Kosmos 613 Soyuz 13 Kosmos 656 Soyuz 14 15† 17 18a† 18 20 (uncrewed) 21 23† 24 25† 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 (uncrewed landing) 33† 34 (uncrewed launch) 35 36 37 38 39 40
Soyuz 7K-TM (1974–1976)	Kosmos 638 672 Soyuz 16 19 (Apollo–Soyuz) 22
Soyuz 7K-S (1974–1976)	Kosmos 670 772† 869†
Soyuz-T (1978–1986)	Kosmos 1001† 1074 Soyuz T-1 (uncrewed) T-2 T-3 T-4 T-5 T-6 T-7 T-8† T-9 T-10a† T-10 T-11 T-12 T-13 T-14 T-15
Soyuz-TM (1986–2002)	Soyuz TM-1 (uncrewed) TM-2 TM-3 TM-4 TM-5 TM-6 TM-7 TM-8 TM-9 TM-10 TM-11 TM-12 TM-13 TM-14 TM-15 TM-16 TM-17 TM-18 TM-19 TM-20 TM-21 TM-22 TM-23 TM-24 TM-25 TM-26 TM-27 TM-28 TM-29 TM-30 TM-31 TM-32 TM-33 TM-34
Soyuz-TMA (2002–2012)	Soyuz TMA-1 TMA-2 TMA-3 TMA-4 TMA-5 TMA-6 TMA-7 TMA-8 TMA-9 TMA-10 TMA-11 TMA-12 TMA-13 TMA-14 TMA-15 TMA-16 TMA-17 TMA-18 TMA-19 TMA-20 TMA-21 TMA-22
Soyuz-TMA-M (2010–2016)	Soyuz TMA-01M TMA-02M TMA-03M TMA-04M TMA-05M TMA-06M TMA-07M TMA-08M TMA-09M TMA-10M TMA-11M TMA-12M TMA-13M TMA-14M TMA-15M TMA-16M TMA-17M TMA-18M TMA-19M TMA-20M
Soyuz MS (2016–present)	Soyuz MS-01 MS-02 MS-03 MS-04 MS-05 MS-06 MS-07 MS-08 MS-09 MS-10† MS-11 MS-12 MS-13 MS-14 (uncrewed) MS-15 MS-16 MS-17 MS-18 MS-19 MS-20 MS-21 MS-22 (uncrewed landing) MS-23 (uncrewed launch) MS-24 MS-25 MS-26 MS-27

Current missions

MS-28

Future missions

2026
- MS-29
2027
- MS-30
- MS-31

Uncrewed missions are designated asKosmos instead ofSoyuz; exceptions are noted "(uncrewed)".
The † sign designates failed missions.Italics designates cancelled missions.

v t e ← 1977 Orbital launches in1978 1979 →
Kosmos 974 Intelsat IVA F-3 Soyuz 27 Kosmos 975 Kosmos 976 Kosmos 977 Kosmos 978 Kosmos 979 Kosmos 980 Kosmos 981 Kosmos 982 Kosmos 983 Kosmos 984 Kosmos 985 Progress 1 Molniya-3 No.20 Kosmos 986 Fanhui Shi Weixing 4 IUE Kosmos 987 Kyokko Kosmos 988 OPS 6291 Kosmos 989 Ume 2 Kosmos 990 OPS 5111 OPS 6031 Kosmos 991 Soyuz 28 Molniya-1-39 Kosmos 992 Landsat 3 OSCAR 8 PIX-1 Kosmos 993 Kosmos 994 OPS 0460 OPS 7858 Kosmos 995 OPS 9439 OPS 9440 Kosmos 996 Kosmos 997 Kosmos 998 Kosmos 999 Kosmos 1000 Intelsat IVA F-6 Kosmos 1001 Kosmos 1002 OPS 8790 Yuri 1 Kosmos 1003 HCMM OPS 6183 Kosmos 1004 OTS-2 Kosmos 1005 Kosmos 1006 OPS 5112 Kosmos 1007 Kosmos 1008 Kosmos 1009 Pioneer Venus Orbiter Kosmos 1010 Kosmos 1011 Kosmos 1012 Ekran No.13L Molniya-1-40 Kosmos 1013 Kosmos 1014 Kosmos 1015 Kosmos 1016 Kosmos 1017 Kosmos 1018 Kosmos 1019 Kosmos 1020 Kosmos 1021 OPS 9454 Kosmos 1022 OPS 4515 Soyuz 29 GOES 3 Kosmos 1023 Seasat Soyuz 30 Kosmos 1024 Kosmos 1025 Comstar 1C Kosmos 1026 Progress 2 GEOS-2 Molniya-1-41 Gran' No.14L Kosmos 1027 OPS 7310 Kosmos 1028 Progress 3 Pioneer Venus Multiprobe ISEE-3 Ekran No.15L Molniya-1-41 Soyuz 31 Kosmos 1029 Kosmos 1030 Venera 11 Kosmos 1031 Venera 12 Jikiken Kosmos 1032 Kosmos 1033 Progress 4 Kosmos 1034 Kosmos 1035 Kosmos 1036 Kosmos 1037 Kosmos 1038 Kosmos 1039 Kosmos 1040 Kosmos 1041 Kosmos 1042 OPS 5113 Kosmos 1043 Molniya-3 No.22 TIROS-N Kosmos 1044 Ekran No.14L Nimbus 7 CAMEO Interkosmos 18 Magion 1 Kosmos 1045 RS-1 RS-2 Prognoz 7 Kosmos 1046 Einstein Kosmos 1047 Kosmos 1048 NATO 3C Kosmos 1049 Kosmos 1050 Kosmos 1051 Kosmos 1052 Kosmos 1053 Kosmos 1054 Kosmos 1055 Kosmos 1056 Kosmos 1057 Kosmos 1058 Kosmos 1059 Kosmos 1060 OPS 5114 OPS 9441 OPS 9442 Kosmos 1061 Kosmos 1062 Anik B1 DRIMS Kosmos 1063 Gorizont No.11L Kosmos 1064 Kosmos 1065 Kosmos 1066 Kosmos 1067 Kosmos 1068 Kosmos 1069
Payloads are separated by bullets ( · ), launches by pipes ( \| ). Crewed flights are indicated inunderline. Uncatalogued launch failures are listed initalics. Payloads deployed from other spacecraft are denoted in (brackets).

← 1977

Orbital launches in1978

1979 →

Payloads are separated by bullets ( · ), launches by pipes ( | ). Crewed flights are indicated inunderline. Uncatalogued launch failures are listed initalics. Payloads deployed from other spacecraft are denoted in (brackets).

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