 Launch of an Soyuz‑2.1v carrying Kosmos 2525 military satellite on 28 March 2018. | |
| Function | Small-lift launch vehicle |
|---|---|
| Manufacturer | RKTs Progress |
| Country of origin | Russia |
| Size | |
| Height | 44 m (144 ft) |
| Diameter | 3 m (9.8 ft) |
| Mass | 158,000 kg (348,000 lb) |
| Stages | 2 |
| Capacity | |
| Payload toLEO | |
| Altitude | 200 km (120 mi) |
| Orbital inclination | 51.8° |
| Mass | 2,850 kg (6,280 lb) |
| Payload toLEO | |
| Altitude | 200 km (120 mi) |
| Orbital inclination | 62.8° |
| Mass | 2,800 kg (6,200 lb) |
| Associated rockets | |
| Family | R-7 (Soyuz) |
| Based on | Soyuz-2 |
| Comparable | Long March 2C PSLV |
| Launch history | |
| Status | Active |
| Launch sites | Plesetsk,Site 43/4 |
| Total launches | 13 |
| Success(es) | 12 |
| Partial failure(s) | 1 |
| First flight | 28 December 2013 |
| Last flight | 5 February 2025 |
| First stage | |
| Height | 27.77 m (91.1 ft) |
| Diameter | 2.95 m (9 ft 8 in) |
| Empty mass | 11,000 kg (24,000 lb) |
| Gross mass | 129,000 kg (284,000 lb) |
| Powered by | |
| Maximum thrust |
|
| Specific impulse |
|
| Burn time | 225 seconds |
| Propellant | LOX /RP-1 |
| Second stage – Block I | |
| Height | 7.95 m (26.1 ft) |
| Diameter | 3 m (9.8 ft) |
| Empty mass | 2,380 kg (5,250 lb) |
| Gross mass | 25,380 kg (55,950 lb) |
| Powered by | 1 ×RD-0124 |
| Maximum thrust | 294 kN (66,000 lbf) |
| Specific impulse | 359 s (3.52 km/s) |
| Burn time | 275 seconds |
| Propellant | LOX /RP-1 |
| Third stage (optional) –Volga[1] | |
| Height | 1.025 m (3 ft 4.4 in) |
| Diameter | 3.2 m (10 ft) |
| Empty mass | 840 kg (1,850 lb) |
| Propellant mass | 300–900 kg (660–1,980 lb) |
| Powered by | 1 ×17D64[2] |
| Maximum thrust | 2.94 kN (660 lbf) |
| Specific impulse | 307 s (3.01 km/s) |
| Burn time | 410 seconds |
| Propellant | N2O4 /UDMH |
TheSoyuz‑2.1v (Russian:Союз‑2.1в,lit. 'Union‑2.1c',[a]GRAU index:14A15)[3] known early in development as theSoyuz‑1, is anexpendable Russiansmall-lift launch vehicle. It is derivative of theSoyuz‑2 but utilizing a single core stage (no boosters) built around the powerfulNK-33 engine, 50-year-old refurbished remnants from the SovietN1 moon rocket. Its a member of theR-7 family of rockets built byRKTs Progress inSamara. Launches have been conducted from thePlesetsk Cosmodrome in northwest Russia, and were expected to be conducted from theVostochny Cosmodrome in eastern Russia,[4] and theBaikonur Cosmodrome inKazakhstan, but didn't take place.[5]
The Soyuz‑2.1v represents a major departure from earlierSoyuz rockets. Unlike theSoyuz‑2 upon which it is based, it does away with the four boosters used on all otherR-7 vehicles. The single first stage core stage is built around the powerfulsingle-chamberNK-33 engine replacing the four-chamberRD-108 along with structural modifications. Since the NK-33 is fixed, the stage is also equipped with complex engineRD-0110R, built of fourvernier engines (with four chambers and fournozzles) for thrust vector control. The RD-0110R engines add 230.5 kN (51,800 lbf) thrust and heats the pressurization gases.[6]
The NK-33 engines were built in the 1970s for the cancelled SovietN1 Moon rocket. These surplus engines offer increased performance over the RD-108; however, only a limited number of engines are available. Once the supply is exhausted, the NK-33 was to be replaced by theRD-193, but these plans were never fully realized. The RD-193 is a lighter and shorter engine based on theAngara'sRD-191, which is itself a derivative of theZenit'sRD-170.[7]
The second stage of the Soyuz‑2.1v is the same as the third stage of the Soyuz‑2.1b;[8] powered by anRD-0124 engine. Most missions will use aVolga upper stage to transfer the payload from an initial parking orbit to its final destination. The Volga is derived from the propulsion system of theYantarreconnaissance satellite, and was developed as a lighter and cheaper alternative to theFregat that is used on many Soyuz‑2 missions.
The Soyuz‑2.1v was designed to serve lighter payloads with a payload capacity of 2,850 kg (6,280 lb) to a 200 km (120 mi) circularlow Earth orbit with aninclination of 51.8° from Baikonur, and 2,800 kg (6,200 lb) to a 200 kilometre orbit at 62.8° from Plesetsk.[5][9]
| Flight No. | Date (UTC) | Launch site | Upper stage | Payload | Orbit | Remarks | Outcome |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 28 December 2013 13:30 | Plesetsk,Site 43/4 | Volga | Aist 1, SKRL-756 #1/2 | LEO | Maiden flight of Soyuz 2.1v | Success |
| 2 | 5 December 2015 15:08 | Plesetsk,Site 43/4 | Volga | Kosmos 2511 and 2512 | LEO | Earth observation Radar calibration | Partial failure |
| 3 | 23 June 2017 18:04 | Plesetsk,Site 43/4 | Volga | Kosmos 2519 | LEO | Military satellite, possiblygeodesy projectNivelir [ru] | Success |
| 4 | 29 March 2018 17:38 | Plesetsk,Site 43/4 | — | Kosmos 2525 (EMKA) | SSO | Earth observation | Success |
| 5 | 10 July 2019 17:14 | Plesetsk,Site 43/4 | Volga | Kosmos 2535 to 2538 | LEO | Geodesy | Success |
| 6 | 25 November 2019 17:52 | Plesetsk,Site 43/4 | Volga | Kosmos 2542 & 2543 | LEO | Satellite inspection | Success |
| 7 | 9 September 2021 19:59 | Plesetsk,Site 43/4 | Volga | Kosmos 2551 (EO MKA №1) | SSO | Reconnaissance | Success |
| 8 | 1 August 2022 20:25 | Plesetsk,Site 43/4 | Volga | Kosmos 2558 (Nivelir №3) | PO | Surveillance | Success |
| 9 | 21 October 2022 19:20 | Plesetsk,Site 43/4 | Volga | Kosmos 2561 & 2562[10] | SSO | Surveillance | Success |
| 10 | 29 March 2023 19:57 | Plesetsk,Site 43/4 | — | Kosmos 2568 (EO MKA №4) | SSO | Reconnaissance | Success |
| 11 | 27 December 2023 07:03 | Plesetsk,Site 43/4 | — | Kosmos 2574 (Razbeg №1) | SSO | Reconnaissance | Success |
| 12 | 9 February 2024 07:03 | Plesetsk,Site 43/4 | — | Kosmos 2575 (Razbeg №2) | SSO | Reconnaissance | Success |
| 13 | 5 February 2025 03:59 | Plesetsk,Site 43/4 | Volga | Kosmos 2581-2583 (MKA B1-3) | PO | Unknown | Success |
