Soviet Civil Administration in Korea | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1945–1948 | |||||||||||
.svg) Emblem from July 1948 | |||||||||||
| Anthem: 소비에트 연방 찬가 "State Anthem of the Soviet Union" (1946–1947) | |||||||||||
 Location of the Soviet Civil Administration in the Korean Peninsula | |||||||||||
| Status | Military occupation | ||||||||||
| Capital | Pyongyang | ||||||||||
| Official languages | Russian,Korean | ||||||||||
| Government | Provisionalcommunist government | ||||||||||
| Head Administrator (de facto)[a] | |||||||||||
• 1945–1948 | Terentii Shtykov | ||||||||||
| Head of the Civil Administration[2] | |||||||||||
• 1945–1947 | Andrei Romanenko [ru] | ||||||||||
• 1947–1948 | Nikolai Lebedev | ||||||||||
| Chairman of the People's Committee[b] | |||||||||||
• 1946–1948 | Kim Il Sung | ||||||||||
| History | |||||||||||
| 13–17 August 1945 | |||||||||||
• Soviet troops stationed in Pyongyang | 24 August 1945 | ||||||||||
• Provisional People's Committee of North Korea established | 8 February 1946 | ||||||||||
• People's Committee of North Korea established | 22 February 1947 | ||||||||||
| 9 September 1948 | |||||||||||
| Currency | Won of the Red Army Command | ||||||||||
| |||||||||||
| Today part of | North Korea South Korea | ||||||||||
| Soviet Civil Administration | |
| Chosŏn'gŭl | 소비에트 민정청 |
|---|---|
| Hancha | 소비에트 民政廳 |
| Revised Romanization | Sobieteu Minjeongcheong |
| McCune–Reischauer | Sobiet'ŭ Minjŏngch'ŏng |
TheSoviet Civil Administration[c] (SCA) was the government of the northern half ofKorea from 24 August 1945 to 9 September 1948 though governed concurrently after the setup of theProvisional People's Committee for North Korea in 1946. Even though formally referred as civilian administration, it was originally a military organization that included civilians of different professions.[3]
It was the administrative structure that theSoviet Union used to govern what would become theDemocratic People's Republic of Korea (North Korea) following thedivision of Korea. GeneralTerentii Shtykov was the main proponent of setting up a centralized structure to coordinate KoreanPeople's Committees. The setup was officially recommended by GeneralIvan Chistyakov and headed by General Andrei Romanenko in 1945 and by General Nikolai Lebedev in 1946.[4]
In the postwar period between 1946 and 1949 the SovietSakhalin administration, in anticipation ofJapanese evacuation of Karafuto and the Kuril Islands, had allegedly established a relationship with the SCA in order to secure a cheap Korean workforce to be used on Sakhalinfisheries that were about to evacuate from the islands along with Japanese civilians.[3] By 1950 the Korean workforce grew up to 10 thousand people on Sakhalin island alone.[3]
During the Soviet occupation, Soviet soldiers committed rape against bothKorean women alike.[5][6] Soviet soldiers also looted the property of both Koreans living in northern Korea.[5]
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| History ofNorth Korea | ||||||||||||
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Division of Korea 1945–48
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Kim Il Sung 1948–1994
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Kim Jong Il 1994–2011
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Kim Jong Un 2011–present
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 North Korea portal | ||||||||||||
Under the Soviet Civil Administration from 1945 to 1948, North Korea was governed by a group of influential Soviet generals who played key roles in shaping the country's political landscape. Colonel GeneralIvan Mikhailovich Chistyakov, commanding officer of the25th Army, played a critical role in deciding the location of the 25th Army headquarters, choosingPyongyang as the capital of North Korea, a decision that continues to have a lasting impact to this day. Alongside him, Major GeneralNikolai Georgiyevich Lebedev, the political officer of the 25th Army, trainedKim Il Sung and coined the official name ofNorth Korea, the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, emphasizing the purported rule by the people.
However, the true architect of North Korea's early communist regime during this period was Colonel GeneralTerentiy Fomich Shtykov, the political officer of the1st Far Eastern Front. De facto leader of North Korea from 1945 to 1948, Shtykov shaped the nation's politics, economy, and education system. He edited the initial draft of North Korea's constitution, formed the first cabinet of ministers, and actively supported Kim Il Sung's invasion plans, which led to the outbreak of theKorean War. Despite being recalled toMoscow and demoted after the military disaster, Shtykov's impact on North Korea's governance was immense. His role in starting the Korean War and overseeing the Soviet influence in North Korean affairs remains a significant aspect of understanding the country's history during this critical period.
During the Soviet Civil Administration, Kim Il Sung, along with other North Korean politicians likeKim Tu Bong andPak Hon Yong, followed the orders of Shtykov and the Soviet generals. The "Provisional People's Committee for North Korea," though officially presenting itself as the ruling government, had no autonomy and merely executed the decisions made by the Soviet Civil Administration. The generals, including Shtykov, played a decisive role in shaping North Korea's early communist regime, with their actions and decisions significantly influencing the nation's political landscape for years to come.[1][7][2]
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