| Southern Cordilleran | |
|---|---|
| Geographic distribution | northernLuzon |
| Linguistic classification | Austronesian
|
| Language codes | |
| Glottolog | sout2907 |
TheSouthern Cordilleran languages are a group of closely related languages within theNorthern Luzon subgroup of theAustronesian language family.[1][2] They are spoken in an area stretching from the southern shore ofLingayen Gulf to the highlands ofQuirino province. The most widely spoken Southern Cordilleran language isPangasinan, one of the eight majorlanguages of the Philippines.
The subgroup was first proposed by Zorc (1979).[3] Himes (1998) classifies the Southern Cordilleran languages as follows:[2]
| Proto-Southern Cordilleran | |
|---|---|
| Reconstruction of | Southern Cordilleran languages |
Reconstructed ancestors | |
Proto-Southern Cordilleran has been reconstructed by Himes (1998).[2]
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | *i | *ɨ | *u |
| Open | *a |
| Bilabial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Stop | voiceless | *p | *t | *k | *ʔ | |
| voiced | *b | *d | *g | |||
| Fricative | *s | |||||
| Nasal | *m | *n | *ŋ | |||
| Lateral | *l | |||||
| Approximant | *w | *y | ||||
The comparison table (taken from Himes (1998)[2] and Zorc (1979)[3]) illustrates the correspondences between the Southern Cordilleran languages, including inherited vocabulary as well as Southern Cordilleran innovations.
| Words inherited fromProto-Austronesian (PAn) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ilongot | Pangasinan | Ibaloi | PSC | PAn | Meaning | ||
| ma:go | a:gɨw | ʔágɨw | *ʔa:gɨw | *qaləjaw | 'day' | ||
| dɨ:nom | danúm | čánom | *dánum | *daNum | 'water' | ||
| Southern Cordilleran innovations | |||||||
| Ilongot | Pangasinan | Ibaloi | PSC | PAn | Meaning | ||
| ʔa:gɨt | agát | ʔagát | *ʔágat | (*laqia) | 'ginger' | ||
| bɨsik | batík | bɨtík | *bɨtík | (*laRiw) | 'run' | ||
| tɨɣí | salí | sɨdí | *sɨlí | (*qaqay) | 'foot' | ||
| -to | -tu | -to | *-tu | (*nia) | 'his/her' | ||
| kɨyó | kiyɨ́w | kiyɨ́w | *kɨyɨ́w[a] | (*kaSiw) | 'tree' | ||
| tóʔo | tuʔú | túʔu | *túʔu[b] | (*Cau) | 'person' | ||