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Southern Bantoid languages

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected fromSouthern Bantoid)
Branch of the Bantoid family of Niger–Congo languages
Southern Bantoid
Geographic
distribution		Sub-Saharan Africa, but not further west thanNigeria
Linguistic classificationNiger–Congo?
Proto-languageProto-Southern Bantoid
Subdivisions
Language codes
Glottologsout3152
The Southern Bantoid languages shown within the Niger–Congo language family. Non-Southern Bantoid languages are greyscale.

Southern Bantoid (orSouth Bantoid) is a branch of theBantoid language family. It consists of theBantu languages along with several small branches and isolates of easternNigeria and west-centralCameroon (though the affiliation of some branches is uncertain). Since the Bantu languages are spoken across most ofSub-Saharan Africa, Southern Bantoid comprises 643 languages as counted byEthnologue, though many of these aremutually intelligible.[1]

History

[edit]
The Southern Bantoid branches of Nigeria and Cameroon

Southern Bantoid was first introduced by Williamson in a proposal that dividedBantoid into North and South branches.[2]

The unity of the North Bantoid group was subsequently called into question, and Bantoid itself may bepolyphyletic, but the work did establish Southern Bantoid as a valid genetic unit, something that has not happened for (Narrow) Bantu itself.[3]

Internal classification

[edit]

According to Williamson and Blench, Southern Bantoid is divided into the variousNarrow Bantu languages,Jarawan,Tivoid,Beboid,Mamfe (Nyang),Grassfields andEkoid families.[4] TheBendi languages are of uncertain classification; they have traditionally been classified withCross River, but they may actually be Southern Bantoid.[5] Blench suggests that Tivoid, Momo (ex-Grassfields) and East Beboid may form a group, perhaps with the uncertain languagesEsimbi andBuru–Angwe:[6]

Grollemund (2012)

[edit]

Classification of Southern Bantoid by Grollemund (2012):[7]

Southern Bantoid

Numerals

[edit]

Comparison of numerals in individual languages:

ClassificationLanguage12345678910
BantuLugandaemubbirissatunnyattaanomukaagamusanvumunaanamwendakkumi
NdemliNdemlimɔ̀hɔ́ífɛ́ítááítʃìjèítâŋtóhósàᵐbáfɔ̀ːmɔ́bùʔɛ̀dʒòm
TikarTikarmbɔʔɓîlêɲîʃæ̃̂ɸyuluʃâmɓìnìnìtæ̂nìwûm
TivoidEsimbi (1)kēnə̄mə̄rākpə̄mākə̄lə̄mōɲīmātə̄nə̀mālālə̄mātə̄nə̀ mə̄rākpə̄ (5+ 2)mōɲìōɲī (4+ 4)mātə̄nə̀ mōɲī (5 + 4)būɣù
TivoidEsimbi (2)ɔ-nərâkpəá-kələoɲía-tənəa-lələà-tən râkpə (5+ 2)ò-ɲi o-ɲí (4+ 4)à-tən o-ɲí (5 + 4)bùɣù
TivoidIpuloémɔ̀víàlvétàtvéɲìvétànvéɾátúmvéɾátúm nɔ̀mɔ̀ (6 + 1)víɲèɲívíɲèɲí nɔ̀mɔ̀ (8 + 1)épɔ́ːt
TivoidIyivemɔ̌mhjâltàtɲîntáŋə̀nkə̀lə̀kə̀tàtkə̀lə̀kə̀tàt kàt mɔ̀mú (6 + 1)kíníkìnìtáŋìɲìn (5 + 4 ??)pùɛ̀
TivoidTivmɔ̀ḿ / mɔ́múhárútáŕúnjì:útã́ːátérátáŕútã́ː kàː úhár (5 + 2)ániènìútã́ː kàː únjì: (5 + 4)púè / púwè
Grassfields, MenchumBefangmóʔ (~mʊ́ʔ)fetáíɪ̀kᶣà (ɪ̀kɥà)ɪ̀tʲə̂nⁿdʊ̀fúèkᶣànátáí (4 and 3) i.e. (4+ 3)éfómóétʲə̂nékᶣà (5+ 4)éɣúm
Grassfields, Mbam-Nkam, BamilekeFe'fe' (1)nshʉ̀'pʉ́ɑ́tāākwɑ̀tîntōhōsə̀ǝ̀mbʉ́ɑ́hə̀ǝ̄vʉ̄'ʉ̄ghām
Grassfields, Mbam-Nkam, BamilekeFe'fe' (2)nshʉ̀'pʉ́ɑ́táákwɑ̀tîntōhōsə̀ǝ̀mbʉ́ɑ́hə̀ə̄vʉ̄'ʉ̄ghām
Grassfields, Mbam-Nkam, BamilekeGhomalayaə́mu'yaə́pʉə́ə́yaə́tâyápfʉə̀yaə́tɔ̂ntɔkɔ́sɔmbʉə́ə́hɔ̌mvʉ'ʉ́ghǎm
Grassfields, Mbam-Nkam, BamilekeMengaka (Megaka)yimɔ'ɔ / mɔ'yipá / payitét / tétnəkwɔ̀yitɛntɔ̌sambánəhǎnəvø'nəghám
Grassfields, Mbam-Nkam, BamilekeNda'nda'ncə̀'pə́ə́tékwòtɔ̀tósòmbə́ə́χópvɨ̀ʔgháp
Grassfields, Mbam-Nkam, BamilekeNgiemboonmmɔ́'ɔ [m̩̀mɔ́ʔɔ́]mbʉ́a [m̩̀bɯ́á]ntá [ǹ̩tá]lekùa [lèkùȁ]ntʉ̂a [ɳ̩̀ʈɯ́à]ntɔɡɔ́ [ǹ̩tɔ̀ʁɔ́]sɔ̀ɔn mbʉ́a [sɔ̃̀ːm̩̀bɯ́á]lefɔ̌ɔn [lèfɔ̃̌ː]lepfwɔʼɔ́ [lèpfwɔ̀ʔɔ́]leɡém [lèɣə́m]
Grassfields, Mbam-Nkam, BamilekeNgombayɛ́mɔ́'yɛ́páyɛ́tátyɛ́nɛ́kwayɛ́taayɛ́nɛ́ntúkúsaambáyɛ́nɛ́fɔ́myɛ́nɛ́pfú'únɛɡɛ́m
Grassfields, Mbam-Nkam, BamilekeNgombaletápwótárəkwotaatoɣəsaabwóləfaaləpfuʔúləɡham
Grassfields, Mbam-Nkam, BamilekeNgwemɔ'fi-biə-tatlɛkwə-tɛ-ntulisaambiəlɛfɔlɛʙə̌ʔálɛ̄ɣɛ̀m
Grassfields, Mbam-Nkam, BamilekeYemba (Dschang)wɔ́mɔ'ɔ́mémpīāmétɛ́tlekuametáantokóesambīālefaálevu'ɔ́legēm
Grassfields, Mbam-Nkam, NgembaAwing (1)mɔ̌pɛ́térə́nə̀kwàténə̀tóɣə́sàmbɛ́nə̀fémə́nə̀púʔə́nə̀ɣə́mə́
Grassfields, Mbam-Nkam, NgembaAwing (2)mɔhpəːəteːrekwataantuɡusaːmbenɨfeːmenɨpuehnɨɡeːme
Grassfields, Mbam-Nkam, NgembaBafut (1)mɔ́ʔɔ̂báàtárə̀kwààntáàntóʔòsàmbàfwámə́kwálìʔí / nɨ̀bùʔûtàwûm / nɨ̀wûm
Grassfields, Mbam-Nkam, NgembaBafut (2)mɔʔɔ̂baatarəkwàǹtaàntoʔosàmbàfwaməkwalɛ̀ʔɛtàɡhûm
Grassfields, Mbam-Nkam, NgembaBambili-Bambui (1)mɔ̀ʔɔ̀bə̀ɡə̀tyèkyàtɔ̀ɔ̀ntúúʃàmbànɨ̀fɔ̀ɔ̀nɨ̀bɛ̀ʔɛ̀nɨ̀ɣám
Grassfields, Mbam-Nkam, NgembaBambili-Bambui (2)mɔʔɔbɨɡətyékɥatɔːn-túːʃambánɨ-fɔːnɨ-bɛʔɛnɨ-ɣám
Grassfields, Mbam-Nkam, NgembaBamukumbitm²mɔʔɔ⁷⁷ or tɑʔbɛ, bɨbɛ, mɨmbɛtɑrɨ, bɨ²tɑː⁷⁵ɾə², mɨntɑrɨnɨkwɑ, bɨnɨkwɑ, mɨnkwɑjitɑ̃, bɨtɑ̃, mɨntɑ̃jintoʔ, bɨntoʔ, mɨntoʔʃɑmbɛ, bɨʃɑmbɛ, mɨʃɑmbɛnɨfɔ̃, bɨnɨfɔ̃, mɨnɨfɔ̃nɨ²buʔ²¹, bɨnɨbuʔ, mɨnɨbuʔnɨwũ
Grassfields, Mbam-Nkam, NgembaMendankwe-Nkwenmɔ̄hbəɡətarɔkuatanntɔ̄sāmbānəfahnəbuɔ̄hnəɣəm
Grassfields, Mbam-Nkam, NgembaMbəkum (Mankon) (1)mɔ́ʔɔ̂bâtárə̂kwàtánə̀ntúɣúsàmbànɨ̀fámə́nɨ̀bùʔûnɨ̀ɣɨ̂m
Grassfields, Mbam-Nkam, NgembaNgemba (Mankon) (2)mɔ́ʔɔ́bǎtárékwàtâŋntúɡhə̂sámbǎnɨ̀fə̂ŋnɨ̀bvùʔə́nɨ̀wúmə̀
Grassfields, Mbam-Nkam, NgembaPinyinmɔ́ʔɔ̀páátáɾə̀kwàtânə̀ǹtôsàmbânə̀fámə̂nə̀pùʔə̂nə̀wúmə̀
Grassfields, Mbam-Nkam, NkambeKwajamũũ ˧˩baa ˦˧ta ˦kɥ ˧˩tɔ̃ ˦˧tɔ̃ ˨ fũ ˧sə ˨ mba ˧˨wɔ ˦ ŋkxɨt ˦bə ˦ ʁət ˨wəm˦
Grassfields, Mbam-Nkam, NkambeLimbum (1)mɔ̀ʔsíɾbáːtáːɾkjèːtântūːnfúsàːmbâwāːmíbɨ̀ʔɨ̂ / bɨ̀ɾɨ̂ɾɨ
Grassfields, Mbam-Nkam, NkambeLimbum (2)mòʔsírbáātáarkyèetântūunfúsàambâwāamébʉ̀ʔʉ̂rʉ̂ʉ
Grassfields, Mbam-Nkam, NkambeMfumte (Koffa)mìʔincíbʉ́àtókweétóŋntunfúusɔ̀mbaawáamíbúumhúʔum
Grassfields, Mbam-Nkam, NkambeYambamòʔfísbátɛʔkwètàŋntuuŋfúsàmbâfwamɛʔvə̀kɛʔhúm
Grassfields, Mbam-Nkam, NunBaba1 (Papia) (1)mɔ̀ʔmbántíkúátèntíóʔókpataɾfómə́ʃìpókòɣəm
Grassfields, Mbam-Nkam, NunBaba (Papia) (2)jimàa / jímɔ̀jípàa / ji mbáji tára / ji ntíiji kwà / kpaji tèntúwó / tuʔokwàtar / kpataɾfómətʃìpóo / ʃipɔkòɣəm / ɣəm
Grassfields, Mbam-Nkam, NunBafanjijimuʔu / muʔu³⁵ / tiʔæ⁵³jipɑɑ / piæ³⁵jitii / tii³⁵jikwə / kwə³jintɑ̃ĩ⁵³ / tɑ̃ĩ⁵³jintou / ntou⁵jikwætæ / kwætæ³⁵jifũɔ̃ / fũɔ̃⁵jipuʔu / puʔu³⁵jiɣwũ / ɣwũ⁵³
Grassfields, Mbam-Nkam, NunBamali (Papia)mʷəʔəpɛttɛtkʷatantɔkʷatʃønəfɔːnəpuʔunəɣu
Grassfields, Mbam-Nkam, NunBambalangtɛʔipaatɾekʰwɛtiɛ̃ntiɡawkwatʃəɨfuõndipoʔuwuŋ
Grassfields, Mbam-Nkam, NunBamun (Shupamen) (1)mòʔmbàátɛ́tpkàtɛ̀nntúsàmbàfámə́kóvýʔɣə́m
Grassfields, Mbam-Nkam, NunBamun (Bamum) (2)ímoʔípáaítɛtípkwàítɛ̀nítúuísambaífáməívʉ̀ʔʉ́ɣóm
Grassfields, Mbam-Nkam, NunBangolanmɔ̀mbǎtétkpàtíjēǹtúhùkpáte̙tfótʃɛ̀ŋɔ́ʔɔ̀vwó
Grassfields, Mbam-Nkam, NunMedumbancʉ'bɑhɑtadkwɑ̀tɑ̂nntogǝsɑ̀mmbɑhɑfoməbwə̀'əgham
Grassfields, Mbam-Nkam, NunMungaka (Bali)ɲíníbáāitɛ́tikwàitànintwúʔkwàtátifúmsʉibɔ́mɣóm / wɔm
Grassfields, MomoMoghamoímɔ̄ʔíbēítádíkwēítãtìfóɣə́sàmbéfàmíàbōɡìɣùm
Grassfields, MomoMundaniyea-mɔʔbebebetatbekpìbetã̀ã̂bentùabesã̀ã̀mbebefã̀ãbebə̀ʔaèɣɛm
Grassfields, MomoNgamambo (1)-mɔ̀ʔbetádkwètânrɨ̀fúɣɔ́ / rʌ̀fúɣɔ́sàmbefàambɔ̀ɔkɣum
Grassfields, MomoNgamambo (2)-mɔ̀ʔbétɑ́tkwètɑ̂nrɨ̀fúɣə́sɑ̀mbéfɑ̌mə̀bɔ̌kwúm
Grassfields, MomoNgie (1)ìfìŋìbǐɡəìtáìkjùɡəìtɨŋìfəwìsàmbìɡəìfɨŋìàbəwìwùm
Grassfields, MomoNgie (2)ìfìŋìbǐɡìtáìkɥǐɡìtʉ̄ŋìfœ́ìsàmbǐɡìfɔ̌ŋàbœ̀ìwùm
Grassfields, MomoNgwoŋwāʔfjēːtɛ́dkwɛ̀tânm̀fósàːmbjɛ̄fwɔ̌ːkɔ̄ːwūm
Grassfields, RingBamunka (1)mɔ̌ʔbuǔtiâkʷìtaântɨ̌ʔtə́kʷiǐtiâ (4 + 3) ?fɔ̌ŋbɔ̀mɔ̂ʔ (10–1) ?wûŋ
Grassfields, RingBamunka (2)mɔʔ Lbuː RFtià Fkʷi Lta Fntʉ̀ʔ Ftəkʷitia HHF (4 + 3) ?fɔ̃ Rbɔmɔʔ R (10–1) ?wũ L
Grassfields, RingWushimùɔ́ʔbātɨ́ə̀ʔtsə̀tɛ́ɛ̀ǹtùɔ́ʔtsə̀tɨ́ə̀ʔ (4 + 3)fə́mə́bùfə̀mùɔ́ʔ (10–1) ?vóó
Grassfields, Ring, CenterBabanki (Kejom)mùʔbòtáʔkàʔtànǹtʉ̀fə́sòmbôfwòmə́àbʉ̀múʔ (10–1)wúm
Grassfields, Ring, CenterBummɔ̀kbàtâtkìktântúfásàmbâfâmábúlá mɔ̀k (10–1)ìwûm
Grassfields, Ring, CenterKomnòʔbòtalkàe / kæ̀tâynntufansòmbo / nsombônfamabulamòʔivɨm
Grassfields, Ring, CenterKukmɔ̀ʔbòːtóːkɪ̀ːkòtâːtóːfə́sōːmboːfāːmə́buː́mɔ̀ʔ (? -1)?íɣə̄m
Grassfields, Ring, CenterKungmɔ̀ʔbə̀ːtə́ːkʲə̀kə̀tàʲtūːfə́sɛ̀ːⁿbɛːfɛ̀ːmə́bólímɔ̀ʔ (? -1)?ìɣə̄m
Grassfields, Ring, CenterMmenmɔ̀ʔpɛ᷆tákjātâɲtūfɜ́sɛ̄mbɛ᷇fāmmɜ́pʊ̄lɜ̄mɔ̀ʔ (10–1)ēɣə̆̀m
Grassfields, Ring, CenterOkumɔɔbaataakwɪʲtanntuufəsaambaɛfaaməbuuməkɛvəm
Grassfields, Ring, EastLamnso'mɔ̀ʔɔ́nbààtáárkwɛ̀ɛ̀tànntùùfúsààmbàwāāmɛ́bvə̀ʔə̀ɣwə̀m
Grassfields, Ring, WestAghem (1)mɔ̀ʔbə̀ˠàtə́ˠátʃʲàkòtɛ̀ʲtǔ̞ːsə̀ˠàⁿbə̄ˠāɪ́fǎːtɛ̄ⁿdzū̞ˠū̞ɪ́ɣə̄m
Grassfields, Ring, WestAghem (2)mɒ̀ʔbɨ̀ɣàtɨ́ɣácìakɔ̀tɛ̀tǒosɨ̀ɣàmbɨ̀ɣàɛ́ʔfáatèndzùɣòé-ʔɣɨ́m
Grassfields, Ring, WestIsumɔ̀ʔbèː(bè)tsíːtʃàʔìtàːntsìfɔ́ŋsèmbèfáːmə́bùkə́ívə̄m
Grassfields, Ring, WestLaimbuemòʔbòtókjə̀ʔtáìtɔ̀ɔ́sùmbôìfámábə́lə́mɔ̀ʔɨɣɨ́m
Grassfields, Ring, WestWehmóbə̀ɣə́tə̀ɣə́kaikə́tátùbə́səɣ-mbə̀ɣifámtàndzúiɣə́m
Yemne-KimbiAjumbumʷə̀fʲə̂ŋtòɲìkpɛ̂kʲàtònàtònànàkpɛ̂ɲìkòɲ
Yemne-KimbiMundablim¹.mö³²m¹.fɪe³²n¹.tɔ³²n¹.de²kpɔn²tʃi²ta²nɔ¹³tɔ²ne¹ne¹kpa²ne¹dzo²fɯ²
Yemne-KimbiMungbam (Abar) (1)-m̩̀ / -mù-fìn /-fá-tì / -tēè-ɲ̩̀ / -nìkpáān / kpōalētɛ̀ / -lētè-ɲ̩̀tɛ̄ / -ɲītɛ-nə̀nè / -nə̄nèkpánə̀ɲ̩̀ / kpānāɲìdʒūhɛ́ / dʒóhó
Yemne-KimbiMunbam (Munken) (2)-mwə́nə̀ / -mù / – mù-fè /-fō / -fé-tɛ̄ / -tēa / -tè-ɲə̄nə́ / -ɲì / -ɲìkpòōnə́ / kpɛ̄n / kpààɲì-lētɛ̀ / -létēa / -lētɛ̀-ɲītɛ̀ / -ɲītə̀ / -ɲītɛ̀-ɲīɲì ~ -ɲìɲì / --ɲìɲì / -ɲìɲìkpɔ̄ndʒùɲì / -ɲìnkpɛ̄nkwîn / kwîn / kwɔ̂n

References

[edit]
  1. ^McWhorter, J. 2001. The Power of Babel (p. 81-82). Freeman-Times-Henry Holt, New York.
  2. ^Williamson, Kay (1989) 'Niger–Congo Overview'. In:The Niger–Congo languages, ed. by John Bendor-Samuel, 3–45. University Press of America.
  3. ^Roger Blench."Niger-Congo classification : Niger-Congo: an alternative view"(PDF).Rogerblench.info. Retrieved2017-07-07.
  4. ^Williamson, Kay & Blench, Roger (2000) 'Niger–Congo', in Heine, Bernd and Nurse, Derek (eds)African Languages – An Introduction. Cambridge: Cambridge University press, pp. 11–42.
  5. ^Blench, Roger (2011)."'The membership and internal structure of Bantoid and the border with Bantu"(PDF). Berlin: Humboldt University. p. 17.
  6. ^Blench, Roger (2010)."The Tivoid Languages"(PDF). pp. 12, 15.
  7. ^Grollemund, Rebecca. 2012.Nouvelles approches en classification : Application aux langues bantu du Nord-Ouest. Ph.D Dissertation, Université Lumière Lyon 2, Lyon, 550 pp.

External links

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  • ComparaLex, database with Southern Bantoid word lists
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[J]E20
[J]E30
[J]E40
[J]F20
Zone K
K10
K20
K30
K40
Zone L
L10
L20
L30
L40
L50
L60
Zone M
M10
M20
M30
M40
M50
M60
  • TheGuthrie classification is geographic and its groupings do not imply a relationship between the languages within them.
Narrow Bantu languages by Guthrie classification zone templates
Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones A–B)
Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones C–D)
Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones E–H)
Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones J–M)
Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones N–S)
NarrowBantu languages (Zones N–S) (byGuthrie classification)
Zone N
N10
N20
N30
N40
Zone P
P10
P20
P30
Zone R
R10
R20
R30
R40
Zone S
S10
S20
S30
S40
S50
S60
  • TheGuthrie classification is geographic and its groupings do not imply a relationship between the languages within them.
Narrow Bantu languages by Guthrie classification zone templates
Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones A–B)
Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones C–D)
Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones E–H)
Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones J–M)
Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones N–S)
Niger–Congo branches
Atlantic–Congo
Savannas
Adamawa
Gur
Ubangian
Volta–Congo
Benue–Congo
Platoid
Cross River
Northern Bantoid
Southern Bantoid
Volta–Niger
West Atlantic
Others (Ghana
andIvory Coast)
Mande
Southeast
Eastern
Southern
West
Central West
(Manding–Kpelle)
Northwest
(Samogo–Soninke)
Kordofanian
Others
Isolates
Unclassified
Proto-languages
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