13°22′00″N80°20′00″E / 13.3667°N 80.3333°E /13.3667; 80.3333
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TheCoromandel Coast is a coastal region along the southeastern front of theIndian peninsula. Its delimitations are numerous, but generally admitted to be bounded by theKrishna rivermouth to the north, the Bay of Bengal to the east, thePoint Calimerecape to the south,[1] and theEastern Ghats to the west. Some may define its northern boundaries up toGanjam.[2] This region can be extending over an area of about 22,800 square kilometres.[3] The coast has an average elevation of 80 metres and is backed by theEastern Ghats, a chain of low lying and flat-topped hills.
The land of theChola dynasty was called Cholamandalam inTamil, literally translated as "the realm of the Cholas", from which Coromandel is derived.
In historical Muslim sources from the 12th century onward, the Coromandel Coast was notably called asMaʿbar Coast.[4]
The land of theChola dynasty was calledCholamandalam (சோழ மண்டலம்) inTamil, translated asThe realm of the Cholas, from which the Portuguese derived the nameCoromandel.[5][6][7][8][9] The name could also be derived fromKarai mandalam, meaningThe realm of the shores.[10]
Another theory is that the first Dutch ship to India stopped at Karimanal, an island village to the north ofPulicat. The sailors aboard the ship mispronounced the village's name as 'Corimondal' and the name stuck thereafter.[11]
An Italian explorer,Ludovico di Varthema, perhaps first gave the name Coromandel in 1510, which was then used on maps by the Portuguese, but it was the Dutch who took up serious trading there.[12]
By late 1530 the Coromandel Coast was home to three Portuguese settlements atNegapatão,São Tomé de Meliapore, andPaliacate. In the 17th and 18th centuries, the Coromandel Coast was the scene of rivalries among European powers for control of the India trade. The British established themselves atFort St George (Madras) andMasulipatnam, theDutch at Pulicat,Sadras, theBelgians atCovelong, the French atPondicherry,Karaikal andNizampatnam, theDanish inDansborg orTranquebar.[citation needed]
The Coromandel Coast suppliedIndian Muslimeunuchs to the Thai palace and court ofSiam (modern Thailand).[13][14] The Thai at times asked eunuchs from China to visit the court in Thailand and advise them on court ritual since they held them in high regard.[15][16]
Eventually the British won out, although France retained the tiny enclaves ofPondichéry andKaraikal until 1954.Chineselacquer goods, including boxes, screens, and chests, became known as "Coromandel" goods in the 18th century, because many Chinese exports were consolidated at the Coromandel ports.[citation needed]
Two of the famous books on the economic history of the Coromandel Coast areMerchants, companies, and commerce on the Coromandel Coast, 1650–1740 (Arasaratnam, Oxford University Press, 1986) andThe World of the Weaver in Northern Coromandel,c. 1750 – c. 1850 (P. Swarnalatha, Orient Longman, 2005).
On 26 December 2004, one of the deadliest natural disasters in modern history, theIndian Ocean earthquake, struck off the western coast ofSumatra (Indonesia). Theearthquake and subsequent tsunami reportedly killed over 220,000 people around the rim of theIndian Ocean. The tsunami devastated the Coromandel Coast, killing many and sweeping away many coastal communities.[17]
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The Coromandel Coast is home to theEast Deccan dry evergreen forestsecoregion, which runs in a narrow strip along the coast. Unlike most of the othertropical dry forestBiome regions of India, where the trees lose their leaves during the dry season, the East Deccan dry evergreen forests retain their leathery leaves year round.[citation needed]
The Coromandel Coast is also home to extensivemangrove forests along the low-lying coast andriver deltas, and several importantwetlands, notablyKaliveli Lake andPulicat Lake, that provide habitat to thousands of migrating and resident birds.[citation needed]
Four ships of theRoyal Navy have borne the nameHMS Coromandel after the Indian coast. TheCoromandel Peninsula in New Zealand was named afterone of these ships, and the town ofCoromandel, New Zealand was named after the peninsula.Coromandel Valley, South Australia, and its neighbouring suburb, Coromandel East, gained their names from the shipCoromandel, which arrived in Holdfast Bay from London in 1837 with 156 English settlers. After the ship reached the shore, some of its sailors deserted, intending to remain behind in South Australia, and took refuge in the hills in the Coromandel Valley region.[citation needed]
InSlovene, theidiomIndija Koromandija (India Coromandel) means a land of plenty,[18] a promised land, a utopia where "Houses are bleached with cheese and covered with cake".[19]
Edward Lear situates his nonsense poemThe Yonghy Bonghy Bo by citing Coromandel on the first line:On the Coast of Coromandel.[20]
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TheCoromandel Express is a train of the Indian Railways. The daily train runs down the east coast of India betweenShalimar railway station, West Bengal, andChennai Central railway station, Tamil Nadu.
According to popular belief, a land where everything is enough, where it is very good: their grandmother told them about India Coromandel / expressing all of her India Coromandel collapsed imaginary, expected happiness
A folk song sings: India Koromandija! /They cook the porridge in a spoon, /the house are bleached with cheese,/ cover them with cake,/ and curd them with cottage cheese. It also houses the first Slovene anti-utopia, created by Anton Mahnič in In 1884 he published in Slovene, a political newspaper for the Slovene nation.
"India".World Statesman. Retrieved24 December 2020.Search for Dutch India and French India for information on Coromandel coast
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