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South Russia / South of Russia Юг России | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1919–1920 | |||||||||||||
 Flag .png) Coat of arms | |||||||||||||
 Approximate territory of South Russia in 1919 | |||||||||||||
| Capital | Ekaterinodar(January 1919–March 1920) Novorossiysk(March 1920) Sevastopol(from April 1920) | ||||||||||||
| Common languages | Russian,Ukrainian | ||||||||||||
| Religion | Orthodox Christianity | ||||||||||||
| Government | Militaryquasi-state | ||||||||||||
| Commander-in-Chief | |||||||||||||
• 8 Jan 1919–4 April 1920 | Anton Denikin | ||||||||||||
• 4 April–21 November 1920 | Pyotr Wrangel | ||||||||||||
| Historical era | Russian Civil War | ||||||||||||
• Established | 8 January 1919 | ||||||||||||
• Disestablished | 22 November 1920 | ||||||||||||
| Currency | Ruble | ||||||||||||
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South Russia orSouth of Russia (Russian:Юг Росси́и,romanized: Yug Rossii), also known asWhite South (Russian:Белый Юг,romanized: Bely Yug) was a short-lived militaryquasi-state that existed inEastern Europe during theSouthern Front of theRussian Civil War from 1919 to 1920.
South Russia was established on 8 January 1919 by theWhite movement after reorganization oftheir armed forces in the Southern Front, consisting of territory under their control inUkraine,Crimea,Kuban, theNorth Caucasus,Black Earth region,Lower Volga, and theDon region. South Russia was an anti-Bolshevikmilitary state under theArmed Forces of South Russia led by GeneralAnton Denikin, and its borders were undefined, changing based on victories or defeats against theRed Army.[1] In March 1920, Denikin established theSouth Russian Government inNovorossiysk, an attempt at acivil government with theGeneral Command of the Armed Forces of South Russia serving as the legislative body. Less than a month later, the Whites were forced toevacuate from Novorossiysk, the Armed Forces of South Russia and the South Russian Government were dissolved. Denikin resigned and delegated power to GeneralPyotr Wrangel, who established the newGovernment of South Russia inSevastopol and the new Russian Army, commonly known as theArmy of Wrangel in April.
During mid-1920, South Russia's territory had receded to the White stronghold on Crimea, a highly defensible location that had repelled several Red offensives. The Whites were defeated at theSiege of Perekop in November 1920, losing the highly strategicPerekop Isthmus and leaving Crimea vulnerable to Red invasion. Wrangel ordered theevacuation of Crimea, effectively ending his government and theSouthern Front in Red Victory. South Russia ceased to exist after the Red conquest of Crimea, and its territory was divided betweenSoviet Russia, theUkrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, and the territory controlled by theRevolutionary Insurgent Army of Ukraine ofNestor Makhno.
InSoviet historiography, South Russia was called the White South or White South of Russia, in reference to the concept of theWhite Army.
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