South Indian Lake is anIndian settlement located on the southeast shore ofSouthern Indian Lake innorthern Manitoba, Canada, about 130 km (81 mi) north of the city ofThompson by air.[1] It had a population of 981 in 2016, and is the main settlement of theO-Pipon-Na-Piwin Cree Nation, aFirst Nationsband government.[2]
The lake and the settlement are accessed by theSouth Indian Lake Airport andManitoba Provincial Road 493 (PR 493). PR 493. a gravel road, begins atLeaf Rapids on thePR 391 (also a gravel road) and runs 219.1 km (136.1 mi) northeast to its terminus at South Indian Lake. The nearest city, Thompson, is 436 km (271 mi) by road.
TheHudson's Bay Company established an important fur-trading post at South Indian Lake in 1803.[3]: 117–147
In the 1960s, the South Indian Lake settlement were self-supporting, having achieved economic independence through fishing and trapping. The average combined household income was $5,000, compared to $500 for most northern First Nations communities, according to studies commissioned by the Manitoba Development Authority. The population was 480 with 76.6% treaty Indians and 21.3% were “non-treaty Indian and Métis."[4]: 33 [5]: 14–15
In 1967, the Manitoba Development Authority received assessment studies related to the inevitable relocation of the South Indian Lake community due to planned flooding caused byManitoba Hydro's Churchill River Diversion (CRD) which would divert water into theNelson River at Southern Indian Lake. This would flood the area around the southeast shore of the settlement. The CRD would "increase the water flow to... large generating stations on the lower Nelson River".[6] A May 1967 report by Van Ginkel Associates "assessed the relocation site for the community and included a proposed plan which outlined economic, social, and educational programmes to be integrated along with the physical development of the region". The Van Ginkel Associates report said that "relocation would necessarily negatively disrupt" the way of life of the South Indian Lake settlement. The consultants "were confident that the era of remote northern communities, such as the community of South Indian Lake, was rapidly coming to an end...The communities of native people that exist throughout Manitoba...have no future and … the interest of the native people of the total community will be gravely prejudiced if those resources of money and creative thought are not dedicated to solving the problem of the remote Indian settlement and the Indian reservation."[7]
The CRD raised the water level ofSouthern Indian Lake by 3 m (9.8 ft), which forced the community of 500 people to relocate.[6][4]: 30 [5]: 14 According to a 2015 Manitoba Clean Environment Commission (CECM) report, the Van Ginkel Associates plan was never implemented.[4]
56°46′49″N98°55′49″W / 56.78028°N 98.93028°W /56.78028; -98.93028
