TheNunc dimittis[1] (English:/nʊŋkdɪˈmɪtɪs/), also known as theSong of Simeon or theCanticle of Simeon, is acanticle taken from the second chapter of theGospel of Luke, verses 29 to 32. ItsLatin name comes from itsincipit, the opening words, of theVulgate translation of the passage, meaning "Now you let depart".[2] Since the 4th century it has been used in Christian services of evening worship such asCompline,Vespers, andEvensong.[3]
The title is formed from the opening words in the Latin Vulgate, "Nunc dimittis servum tuum, Domine" ("Now thou dost dismiss thy servant, O Lord"). Although brief, thecanticle abounds inOld Testament allusions. For example, "Because my eyes have seen thy salvation" alludes to Isaiah 52:10.[4]
According to the narrative in Luke 2:25–32,Simeon was a devout Jew who had been promised by theHoly Spirit that he would not die until he had seen theMessiah. WhenMary andJosephpresented the babyJesus to theTemple in Jerusalem for theceremony of redemption of the firstborn son (after the time of Mary'spurification: at least 40 days after the birth, and thus distinct from thecircumcision), Simeon was there. He took Jesus into his arms and uttered words rendered variously as follows:
The "Nunc dimittis" passage in the originalKoiné Greek:
νῦν ἀπολύεις τὸν δοῦλόν σου, δέσποτα, κατὰ τὸ ῥῆμά σου ἐν εἰρήνῃ·
ὅτι εἶδον οἱ ὀφθαλμοί μου τὸ σωτήριόν σου,
ὃ ἡτοίμασας κατὰ πρόσωπον πάντων τῶν λαῶν,
φῶς εἰς αποκάλυψιν ἐθνῶν καὶ δόξαν λαοῦ σου Ἰσραήλ.
Transliterated:
Latin (Vulgate):
Nunc dimittis servum tuum, Domine, secundum verbum tuum in pace:
Quia viderunt oculi mei salutare tuum
Quod parasti ante faciem omnium populorum:
Lumen ad revelationem gentium, et gloriam plebis tuae Israel.
English (Translation of theVulgate):
Now thou dost dismiss thy servant, O Lord, according to thy word in peace;
Because my eyes have seen thy salvation,
Which thou hast prepared before the face of all peoples:
A light to the revelation of the Gentiles, and the glory of thy people Israel.
English (Book of Common Prayer, 1662):
Lord, now lettest thou thy servant depart in peace according to thy word.
For mine eyes have seen thy salvation,
Which thou hast prepared before the face of all people;
To be a light to lighten the Gentiles and to be the glory of thy people Israel.
English (Roman Breviary):
Now, Master, you let your servant go in peace. You have fulfilled your promise.
My own eyes have seen your salvation,
which you have prepared in the sight of all peoples.
A light to bring the Gentiles from darkness; the glory of your people Israel.
TheBook of Common Prayer (1662) was derived from theKing James Version (1611) of the Bible. Its text for this canticle is the same as in the prayer book, except for the last line. The Bible (Luke 2:32) reads: "A light to lighten the Gentiles, and the glory of thy people Israel."
Church Slavonic (in Cyrillic)[5]
Ны́нѣ отпуща́еши раба́ Твоего́, Влады́ко, по глаго́лу Твоему́ съ ми́ромъ;
я́ко ви́дѣста о́чи мои́ спасе́ніе Твое́,
є́же єси́ угото́валъ предъ лице́мъ всѣхъ люде́й,
свѣтъ во открове́ніе язы́ковъ, и сла́ву люде́й Твои́хъ Изра́иля.
Nýně otpushcháeshi rabá Tvoyegó, Vladýko, po glagólu Tvoyemú s" mírom";
yáko víděsta óchi moí spaséníe Tvoyé,
ếzhe êsí ugotóval" pred" litsém" vsěkh" lyudéy,
svět" vo otkrovéníe yazýkov", i slávu lyudéy Tvoíkh" Izráilya.
Writing in the early 20th century,Friedrich Justus Knecht concludes from this passage that "belief in Jesus Christ drives away all fear of death." He writes:
Simeon now rejoiced at the prospect of death. Such a sensation was hitherto unknown in Israel. "Pious Israelites closed their eyes in death, weary of life and submissive to God’s will; not altogether hopeless, but full of horror of the future. Death was a thing to be feared, and each new day of life which was granted was looked on as a gain" (Grimm). But all at once every thing was changed. Holy Simeon had seen the Saviour, and was now ready to die joyfully. In fact, he did die very soon after; a pious tradition even goes so far as to say that he died before he left the Temple. He was thus the first to take the joyful news toLimbo that the Saviour was born and the day of salvation at hand.[6]
While serving as Prefect at Georgetown College, English JesuitRoger Baxter reflects on this passage in his 19th-centuryMeditations, saying: "Oh that you would also bid farewell to all earthly things, and say with the Apostle, 'But I am straitened — having a desire to be dissolved, and to be with Christ.' (Phil. 1:23.)"[7]
TheNunc Dimittis is the traditional "Gospel Canticle" of Night Prayer (Compline), just asBenedictus andMagnificat are the traditional Gospel Canticles of Morning Prayer and Evening Prayer, respectively.[4] The Nunc Dimittis is found in the liturgical night office of many western denominations, includingAnglicanEvensong in the1662Book of Common Prayer, Compline (A Late Evening Service) in the1928Book of Common Prayer, and the Night Prayer service in theCommon Worship. Both theCatholic andLutheran services of Compline include this canticle. In eastern tradition the canticle is included inEastern OrthodoxVespers.
In many Lutheran orders of service, theNunc Dimittis may be sung following the reception of theEucharist.[8][9] A 1530 rhymed version byJohannes Anglicus [de], "Im Frieden dein, o Herre mein", with a melody byWolfgang Dachstein, was written in Strasbourg for that purpose.[10]Heinrich Schütz wrote at least two settings, one inMusikalische Exequien (1636), the other inSymphoniae sacrae II (1647). The feast dayMariae Reinigung was observed in the Lutheran Church inJ. S. Bach's time. He composed several cantatas for the occasion, includingMit Fried und Freud ich fahr dahin, BWV 125, a chorale cantata onMartin Luther's paraphrase of the canticle, andIch habe genug, BWV 82.
Many composers have set the text to music, usually coupled in the Anglican church with theMagnificat, as both the Magnificat and the Nunc dimittis are sung (or said) during the Anglican service ofEvening Prayer according to the Book of Common Prayer, 1662. This prayer book merged the older offices of Vespers (Evening Prayer) and Compline (Night Prayer) into one service, which contained both Gospel canticles. In Common Worship, this is listed among "Canticles for Use at Funeral and Memorial Services"[11] One of the most well-knownsettings in England is aplainchant theme byThomas Tallis. Herbert Howells composed 20 settings of this pair of canticles, including theGloucester Service (1947) and theSt Paul's Service (1951). A setting of the Nunc dimittis byCharles Villiers Stanford was sung as therecessional at thefuneral of Margaret Thatcher.[12] Stanford wrote many settings of both theMagnificat andNunc dimittis.[13]
TheGenevan Psalter used byCalvinist churches also included the metrical versification forNunc Dimittis. The music was composed byLouis Bourgeois and the lyrics were versified from the biblical text byClément Marot.[14]
A setting by British composerGeoffrey Burgon is featured during the end credits of episodes in the 1979 television adaptation ofTinker Tailor Soldier Spy.
Sergei Rachmaninoff wrote a setting of the SlavonicNunc dimittis text, Ны́не отпуща́еши (Nyne otpushchayeshi), as the fifth movement of hisAll-Night Vigil. It is known for its final measures, in which the basses sing a descending scale ending on the B♭ below the bass clef.[15]
The neoclassical electronic music groupMannheim Steamroller used the text ofNunc Dimittis in the song "Lumen" on their albumFresh Aire V, that was otherwise based onJohannes Kepler's novelSomnium.
Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1911). "Nunc Dimittis".Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 11. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
| International | |
|---|---|
| National | |
| Other | |
