| Son jarocho | |
|---|---|
 Los Cojolites [es] musical ensemble | |
| Stylistic origins | BaroqueAndalusian folklore (fandango),Music of West Africa,Indigenous Music of Mexico |
| Cultural origins | 18th centuryVeracruz |
| Typical instruments | vocals,requinto,jarana,arpa jarocha,leona,pandero,quijada,marimbol |
| Derivative forms | Related genres: Cubanpunto, Cubanguajira, Venezuelan and Colombianjoropo, Panamanianmejorana, Peruvianzamacueca, Chileancueca |
| Other topics | |
| Charro –Jarabe tapatío –Zapateado-Mariachi-Huapango-Son Huasteco | |
Son jarocho ("Veracruz Sound") is aregional folk musical style ofMexican Son fromVeracruz, aMexican state along theGulf of Mexico. It evolved over the last two and a half centuries along the coastal portions of southernTamaulipas state and Veracruz state, hence the termjarocho, a colloquial term for people or things from the port city ofVeracruz.
The genre combines elements from indigenous (primarilyHuastecan), Baroque music from Southern Spain (fandango) and theWestern African music of slaves taken to theCaribbean; reflecting the population which evolved in the region from Spanish colonial times. It is closely related to several other genres in6
8 meter which appeared throughoutHispanic America from the 17th to the 19th century; such as theCuban son, theVenezuelan and Colombian joropo and theChilean cueca.[1]
Lyrics include humorous verses and subjects such as love, nature, sailors, and cattle breeding that still reflect life in colonial and 19th century Mexico. Verses are often repeated inantimetabole form. Verses are often shared with the wider Mexican and Hispanic Caribbean repertoire and some have even been borrowed from famous works by writers of the Spanish "Siglo de Oro". It is usually performed by an ensemble of musicians and instruments which collectively are termed a "conjunto jarocho".[2]Son jarocho is often played only on jaranas and sung in a style in which several singers exchange improvised verses calleddécimas, often with humorous or risqué content. The high-pitchedfalsetto singing is likely ofindigenous origin.
The instruments most commonly associated with son jarocho are thejarana jarocha, a small guitar-like instrument used to provide a harmonic base, with some double strings arranged in a variety of configurations; therequinto jarocho, another small guitar-like instrument plucked with a long pick traditionally made from cow-horn, usually tuned to a higher pitch and with a four or five thick nylon strings; the diatonicarpa jarocha; theleona, a type of acoustic bass guitar; the tarima, an idiophone percussion instrument that consists of a wooden platform on which people tap their heels,[3] and sometimes a minor complement of percussion instruments such as thepandero (especially in the style ofTlacotalpan), thequijada (an instrument made of a donkey or horsejawbone) or thegüiro.[4] Some groups add themarimbol, a plucked key box bass, and thecajón (although the Peruvian version, not the Mexicancajón de tapeo).
The most widely knownson jarocho is "La Bamba", which has been popularized through the version byRitchie Valens and the American movie of the same name. Other famoussones jarochos are "El Coco" and "La Iguana" and "El Cascabel", all of which have a call and response form, and "El Chuchumbé", "La Bruja".
Fermin Herrera (a Jarocho harpist) has taught many people, such as John Robles and Antonio Moraza, how to play. Because of him, many groups in the US play or even know about son jarocho. More recently, instruments and rhythms from son jarocho have been used by rock groups such asCafé Tacuba,Quetzal, 22 Pesos,Ozomatli, andZack de la Rocha. East L.A. rockersLos Lobos have also recorded in the Jarocho genre, as has Mexican-American artistLila Downs. More recently son jarocho music has experienced a resurgence in the United States. US-based bands now playing (as of 2012) or using elements of the genre includeRadio Jarocho,David Wax Museum,Cambalache, Son del Centro,Las Cafeteras, Son del Viento,Los Cenzontles andJarana Beat.[5]
Related genres includeson huasteco,huapango,son jaliscience, andson chiapaneco.
Well-known artists playing the genre includeNatalia Lafourcade,Conjunto Hueyapan,Mono Blanco,Siquisirí,Tlen Huicani,Chuchumbé, Chucumite,Son de Madera, Los Vega[6] andLos Cojolites, the first Son Jarocho group to be nominated for aGrammy Award.
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