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Somme (department)

Coordinates:49°53′N02°25′E / 49.883°N 2.417°E /49.883; 2.417
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Department of France
Department of France in Hauts-de-France
Somme
Sonme (Picard)
Prefecture building of the Somme department, in Amiens
Prefecture building of the Somme department, inAmiens
Flag of Somme
Flag
Coat of arms of Somme
Coat of arms
Location of Somme in France
Location of Somme in France
Coordinates:49°53′N02°25′E / 49.883°N 2.417°E /49.883; 2.417
CountryFrance
RegionHauts-de-France
PrefectureAmiens
SubprefecturesAbbeville
Montdidier
Péronne
Government
 • President of the Departmental CouncilStéphane Haussoulier[1]
Area
 • Total
6,170 km2 (2,380 sq mi)
Population
 (2022)[2]
 • Total
565,540
 • Rank44th
 • Density91.7/km2 (237/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+1 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+2 (CEST)
ISO 3166 codeFR-80
Department number80
Arrondissements4
Cantons23
Communes772
^1 French Land Register data, which excludeestuaries, and lakes, ponds, and glaciers larger than 1 km2

TheSomme (French pronunciation:[sɔm]ⓘ;Picard:Sonme) is adepartment ofFrance, located in the north of the country and named after theSomme river. It is part of theHauts-de-Franceregion. It is bordered byPas-de-Calais andNord to the north,Aisne to the east,Oise to the south andSeine-Maritime to the southwest. To the northwest, its coastline faces theEnglish Channel and it shares maritime borders withKent andEast Sussex in theUnited Kingdom. It had a population of 570,559 in 2019.[3]

The north central area of the Somme was the site of a series of battles duringWorld War I, including the particularly significantBattle of the Somme in 1916. As a result of this and other battles fought in the area, the department is home to many militarycemeteries and several major monuments commemorating the many soldiers from various countries who died on itsbattlefields. The 1346Battle of Crécy, a major English victory early in theHundred Years' War, also took place in this department.

History

[edit]

Thetoponymy of Somme is speculated to come from aGaulish term,Sumena.

Geography

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The Somme department is in the currentregion ofHauts-de-France and is surrounded by the departments ofPas-de-Calais,Nord,Aisne,Oise andSeine-Maritime. In the northwest, it has a coast on theEnglish Channel. The main rivers are theSomme and its tributaries (Avre,Ancre andNoye, theAuthie) as well as theBresle.

Principal towns

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The most populous commune isAmiens, the prefecture. As of 2019[update], there are 9 communes with more than 5,000 inhabitants:[3]

CommunePopulation (2019)
Amiens134,706
Abbeville22,980
Albert9,779
Péronne7,577
Corbie6,292
Montdidier6,113
Doullens5,890
Longueau5,765
Roye5,693

Battles of the Somme

[edit]
Main article:Battle of the Somme
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At the beginning of theFirst World War, during theRace to the Sea of September and November 1914, the Somme became the site of theBattle of Albert. The battle was a five-day engagement between 25 and 29 September, with theFrench Tenth Army attacking at Albert and pushing towardBapaume, and theGerman Sixth Army counter-attacking back towards Albert. The line settled around the town ofThiepval and remained there until July 1916, when the Battle of the Somme was fought on and around the same ground.

The Battle of the Somme was one of the mostcostly battles of World War I, by the number of troop casualties, asAllied forces attempted to break through theGerman lines along a 40 kilometres (25 mi) front north and south of theRiver Somme. The Allies had originally intended the Somme to be the site of one of several simultaneous major offensives by Allied powers against theCentral Powers in 1916. However, before these offensives could begin, the Germans attacked first, engaging the Allies at theBattle of Verdun. As this battle dragged on, the purpose of the Somme campaign (which was still in the planning stage) shifted from striking a decisive blow against Germany to drawing German forces away from Verdun and relieving the Allied forces there. By its end, the losses on the Somme had exceeded those at Verdun.

While Verdun would bite deep in the national consciousness of France for generations, the Somme would have the same effect on generations of Britons. The battle is best remembered for its first day, 1 July 1916, on which the British suffered 57,420 casualties, including 19,240 dead—the bloodiest day in the history of theBritish Army to this day. As terrible as the battle was for the British Empire troops who suffered there, it naturally affected the other nationalities as well. By the end of the battle, the British had learned many lessons in modern warfare, while the Germans had suffered irreplaceable losses. British historian SirJames Edmonds stated, "It is not too much to claim that the foundations of the final victory on the Western Front were laid by the Somme offensive of 1916".

For the first time, the home front in Britain was exposed to the horrors of modern war with the release of thepropaganda filmThe Battle of the Somme, which used actual footage from the first days of the battle.

The Somme experienced war twice more in theFirst andSecond Battles of the Somme of 1918.

Demographics

[edit]

Population development since 1801:

Historical population
YearPop.±% p.a.
1801459,453—    
1806494,642+1.49%
1821508,710+0.19%
1831543,924+0.67%
1841559,680+0.29%
1851570,641+0.19%
1861572,646+0.04%
1872557,015−0.25%
1881550,837−0.12%
1891546,495−0.08%
1901537,848−0.16%
1911520,161−0.33%
1921452,624−1.38%
YearPop.±% p.a.
1931466,626+0.31%
1936467,479+0.04%
1946441,368−0.57%
1954464,153+0.63%
1962488,225+0.63%
1968512,113+0.80%
1975538,462+0.72%
1982544,570+0.16%
1990547,825+0.07%
1999555,551+0.16%
2006564,319+0.22%
2011571,211+0.24%
2016572,744+0.05%
Sources:[4][5]

Politics

[edit]

The president of thedepartmental council is Stéphane Haussoulier, elected in July 2021.

Presidential elections 2nd round

[edit]
ElectionWinning CandidateParty%2nd Place CandidateParty%
2022Emmanuel MacronLREM45.37Marine Le PenRN54.63
2017[6]Emmanuel MacronLREM54.22Marine Le PenFN45.78
2012François HollandePS54.41Nicolas SarkozyUMP45.59
2007Nicolas SarkozyUMP50.46Ségolène RoyalPS49.54
2002[6]Jacques ChiracRPR78.26Jean-Marie Le PenFN21.74

Current National Assembly representatives

[edit]
ConstituencyMember[7]Party
Somme's 1st constituencyFrançois RuffinLa France Insoumise
Somme's 2nd constituencyBarbara PompiliLa République En Marche!
Somme's 3rd constituencyEmmanuel MaquetThe Republicans
Somme's 4th constituencyJean-Claude LeclabartLa République En Marche!
Somme's 5th constituencyStéphane DemillyUnion of Democrats and Independents

Tourism

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Image gallery

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See also

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References

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  1. ^"Répertoire national des élus: les conseillers départementaux".data.gouv.fr, Plateforme ouverte des données publiques françaises (in French). 4 May 2022.
  2. ^"Populations légales 2022" (in French). National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies. 19 December 2024.
  3. ^abPopulations légales 2019: 80 Somme, INSEE
  4. ^"Historique de la Somme".Le SPLAF.
  5. ^"Évolution et structure de la population en 2016". INSEE.
  6. ^abl'Intérieur, Ministère de."Présidentielles".interieur.gouv.fr.
  7. ^Nationale, Assemblée."Assemblée nationale ~ Les députés, le vote de la loi, le Parlement français".Assemblée nationale.

External links

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Communes of theSomme department
Metropolitan
Overseas
Special
  • 69MLyon(collectivity with special status)
  • 75Paris(collectivity with special status)
Former
International
National
Geographic
Other
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