| Total eclipse | |
 Map | |
| Gamma | −0.213 |
|---|---|
| Magnitude | 1.0678 |
| Maximum eclipse | |
| Duration | 359 s (5 min 59 s) |
| Coordinates | 10°42′S104°30′E / 10.7°S 104.5°E /-10.7; 104.5 |
| Max. width of band | 226 km (140 mi) |
| Times (UTC) | |
| Greatest eclipse | 4:40:31 |
| References | |
| Saros | 133 (40 of 72) |
| Catalog # (SE5000) | 9333 |
A totalsolar eclipse occurred at the Moon'sascending node of orbit on Thursday, September 21, 1922,[1] with amagnitude of 1.0678. Asolar eclipse occurs when theMoon passes betweenEarth and theSun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. A total solar eclipse occurs when the Moon'sapparent diameter is larger than the Sun's, blocking all direct sunlight, turning day into darkness. Totality occurs in a narrow path across Earth's surface, with the partial solar eclipse visible over a surrounding region thousands of kilometres wide. Occurring about 2 hours afterperigee (on September 21, 1922, at 6:30 UTC), the Moon's apparent diameter was larger.[2] Perigee did occur as the eclipse was past its greatest eclipse.
Totality started inEthiopia,Italian Somaliland (today'sSomalia), and passed BritishMaldives andChristmas Island in theStraits Settlements (now in Australia) in theIndian Ocean, andAustralia. A partial eclipse was visible for parts ofEast Africa,South Asia,Southeast Asia,Australia, andOceania.
Observations of the totalsolar eclipse of May 29, 1919 got results consistent withgravitational lens proposed byEinstein'sgeneral relativity. To reconfirm the result, observatories inSouth Australia andNew South Wales each organized a large scientific expedition. A total of 20 teams went to sparsely populatedWallal on the northern coast ofWestern Australia. Among them, the American team from theLick Observatory arrived inSydney on August 5, took a train westward and arrived inPerth on August 16. The team took a ship on August 20 fromFremantle, a port southwest of Perth, toBroome, and then finally arrived at Wallal. Although not organizing any observations, theAustralian government provided financial support to the teams. For example, the round-trip travel expenses between Sydney and Wallal were paid by the federal government.[3][4]
Shown below are two tables displaying details about this particular solar eclipse. The first table outlines times at which the Moon's penumbra or umbra attains the specific parameter, and the second table describes various other parameters pertaining to this eclipse.[5]
| Event | Time (UTC) |
|---|---|
| First Penumbral External Contact | 1922 September 21 at 02:04:28.6 UTC |
| First Umbral External Contact | 1922 September 21 at 02:58:45.3 UTC |
| First Central Line | 1922 September 21 at 03:00:06.4 UTC |
| First Umbral Internal Contact | 1922 September 21 at 03:01:27.5 UTC |
| First Penumbral Internal Contact | 1922 September 21 at 03:57:50.9 UTC |
| Ecliptic Conjunction | 1922 September 21 at 04:38:20.9 UTC |
| Greatest Duration | 1922 September 21 at 04:40:07.8 UTC |
| Greatest Eclipse | 1922 September 21 at 04:40:31.1 UTC |
| Equatorial Conjunction | 1922 September 21 at 04:47:31.9 UTC |
| Last Penumbral Internal Contact | 1922 September 21 at 05:23:00.2 UTC |
| Last Umbral Internal Contact | 1922 September 21 at 06:19:29.4 UTC |
| Last Central Line | 1922 September 21 at 06:20:50.6 UTC |
| Last Umbral External Contact | 1922 September 21 at 06:22:11.7 UTC |
| Last Penumbral External Contact | 1922 September 21 at 07:16:30.2 UTC |
| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| Eclipse Magnitude | 1.06783 |
| Eclipse Obscuration | 1.14026 |
| Gamma | −0.21299 |
| Sun Right Ascension | 11h50m29.6s |
| Sun Declination | +01°01'49.3" |
| Sun Semi-Diameter | 15'56.0" |
| Sun Equatorial Horizontal Parallax | 08.8" |
| Moon Right Ascension | 11h50m13.7s |
| Moon Declination | +00°49'23.8" |
| Moon Semi-Diameter | 16'43.8" |
| Moon Equatorial Horizontal Parallax | 1°01'24.1" |
| ΔT | 22.8 s |
This eclipse is part of aneclipse season, a period, roughly every six months, when eclipses occur. Only two (or occasionally three) eclipse seasons occur each year, and each season lasts about 35 days and repeats just short of six months (173 days) later; thus two full eclipse seasons always occur each year. Either two or three eclipses happen each eclipse season. In the sequence below, each eclipse is separated by afortnight.
| September 21 Ascending node (new moon) | October 6 Descending node (full moon) |
|---|---|
|  |
| Annular solar eclipse Solar Saros 133 | Penumbral lunar eclipse Lunar Saros 145 |
This eclipse is a member of asemester series. An eclipse in a semester series of solar eclipses repeats approximately every 177 days and 4 hours (a semester) at alternatingnodes of the Moon's orbit.[6]
The partial solar eclipse onJuly 31, 1924 occurs in the next lunar year eclipse set.
| Solar eclipse series sets from 1921 to 1924 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Descending node | Ascending node | |||||
| Saros | Map | Gamma | Saros | Map | Gamma | |
| 118 | April 8, 1921 Annular | 0.8869 | 123 | October 1, 1921 Total | −0.9383 | |
| 128 | March 28, 1922 Annular | 0.1711 | 133 | September 21, 1922 Total | −0.213 | |
| 138 | March 17, 1923 Annular | −0.5438 | 143 | September 10, 1923 Total | 0.5149 | |
| 148 | March 5, 1924 Partial | −1.2232 | 153 | August 30, 1924 Partial | 1.3123 | |
This eclipse is a part ofSaros series 133, repeating every 18 years, 11 days, and containing 72 events. The series started with a partial solar eclipse on July 13, 1219. It contains annular eclipses from November 20, 1435 through January 13, 1526; a hybrid eclipse on January 24, 1544; and total eclipses from February 3, 1562 through June 21, 2373. The series ends at member 72 as a partial eclipse on September 5, 2499. Its eclipses are tabulated in three columns; every third eclipse in the same column is oneexeligmos apart, so they all cast shadows over approximately the same parts of the Earth.
The longest duration of annularity was produced by member 25 at 1 minutes, 14 seconds on November 30, 1453, and the longest duration of totality was produced by member 61 at 6 minutes, 50 seconds on August 7, 1850. All eclipses in this series occur at the Moon’sascending node of orbit.[7]
| Series members 34–55 occur between 1801 and 2200: | ||
|---|---|---|
| 34 | 35 | 36 |
 July 17, 1814 |  July 27, 1832 |  August 7, 1850 |
| 37 | 38 | 39 |
 August 18, 1868 |  August 29, 1886 |  September 9, 1904 |
| 40 | 41 | 42 |
September 21, 1922 |  October 1, 1940 |  October 12, 1958 |
| 43 | 44 | 45 |
 October 23, 1976 |  November 3, 1994 |  November 13, 2012 |
| 46 | 47 | 48 |
 November 25, 2030 |  December 5, 2048 |  December 17, 2066 |
| 49 | 50 | 51 |
 December 27, 2084 |  January 8, 2103 |  January 19, 2121 |
| 52 | 53 | 54 |
 January 30, 2139 |  February 9, 2157 |  February 21, 2175 |
| 55 | ||
 March 3, 2193 | ||
Themetonic series repeats eclipses every 19 years (6939.69 days), lasting about 5 cycles. Eclipses occur in nearly the same calendar date. In addition, the octon subseries repeats 1/5 of that or every 3.8 years (1387.94 days). All eclipses in this table occur at the Moon's ascending node.
| 22 eclipse events between December 2, 1880 and July 9, 1964 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| December 2–3 | September 20–21 | July 9–10 | April 26–28 | February 13–14 |
| 111 | 113 | 115 | 117 | 119 |
 December 2, 1880 |  July 9, 1888 |  April 26, 1892 |  February 13, 1896 | |
| 121 | 123 | 125 | 127 | 129 |
 December 3, 1899 |  September 21, 1903 |  July 10, 1907 |  April 28, 1911 |  February 14, 1915 |
| 131 | 133 | 135 | 137 | 139 |
 December 3, 1918 | September 21, 1922 |  July 9, 1926 |  April 28, 1930 |  February 14, 1934 |
| 141 | 143 | 145 | 147 | 149 |
 December 2, 1937 |  September 21, 1941 |  July 9, 1945 |  April 28, 1949 |  February 14, 1953 |
| 151 | 153 | 155 | ||
 December 2, 1956 |  September 20, 1960 |  July 9, 1964 | ||
This eclipse is a part of atritos cycle, repeating at alternating nodes every 135synodic months (≈ 3986.63 days, or 11 years minus 1 month). Their appearance and longitude are irregular due to a lack of synchronization with theanomalistic month (period of perigee), but groupings of 3 tritos cycles (≈ 33 years minus 3 months) come close (≈ 434.044 anomalistic months), so eclipses are similar in these groupings.
| Series members between 1801 and 2200 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
 August 28, 1802 (Saros 122) |  July 27, 1813 (Saros 123) |  June 26, 1824 (Saros 124) |  May 27, 1835 (Saros 125) |  April 25, 1846 (Saros 126) |
 March 25, 1857 (Saros 127) |  February 23, 1868 (Saros 128) |  January 22, 1879 (Saros 129) |  December 22, 1889 (Saros 130) |  November 22, 1900 (Saros 131) |
 October 22, 1911 (Saros 132) | September 21, 1922 (Saros 133) |  August 21, 1933 (Saros 134) |  July 20, 1944 (Saros 135) |  June 20, 1955 (Saros 136) |
 May 20, 1966 (Saros 137) |  April 18, 1977 (Saros 138) |  March 18, 1988 (Saros 139) |  February 16, 1999 (Saros 140) |  January 15, 2010 (Saros 141) |
 December 14, 2020 (Saros 142) |  November 14, 2031 (Saros 143) |  October 14, 2042 (Saros 144) |  September 12, 2053 (Saros 145) |  August 12, 2064 (Saros 146) |
 July 13, 2075 (Saros 147) |  June 11, 2086 (Saros 148) |  May 11, 2097 (Saros 149) |  April 11, 2108 (Saros 150) |  March 11, 2119 (Saros 151) |
 February 8, 2130 (Saros 152) |  January 8, 2141 (Saros 153) |  December 8, 2151 (Saros 154) |  November 7, 2162 (Saros 155) |  October 7, 2173 (Saros 156) |
 September 4, 2184 (Saros 157) |  August 5, 2195 (Saros 158) | |||
This eclipse is a part of the long periodinex cycle, repeating at alternating nodes, every 358synodic months (≈ 10,571.95 days, or 29 years minus 20 days). Their appearance and longitude are irregular due to a lack of synchronization with theanomalistic month (period of perigee). However, groupings of 3 inex cycles (≈ 87 years minus 2 months) comes close (≈ 1,151.02 anomalistic months), so eclipses are similar in these groupings.
| Series members between 1801 and 2200 | ||
|---|---|---|
 December 10, 1806 (Saros 129) |  November 20, 1835 (Saros 130) |  October 30, 1864 (Saros 131) |
 October 9, 1893 (Saros 132) | September 21, 1922 (Saros 133) |  September 1, 1951 (Saros 134) |
 August 10, 1980 (Saros 135) |  July 22, 2009 (Saros 136) |  July 2, 2038 (Saros 137) |
 June 11, 2067 (Saros 138) |  May 22, 2096 (Saros 139) |  May 3, 2125 (Saros 140) |
 April 12, 2154 (Saros 141) |  March 23, 2183 (Saros 142) | |
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