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Sognamål dialect

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Western Norwegian dialect
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Sognamål dialect
sognamaol
RegionSogn
Early forms
Latin (Norwegian alphabet)
Norwegian Braille
Language codes
ISO 639-3–
IETFno-u-sd-no14
This article containsIPA phonetic symbols. Without properrendering support, you may seequestion marks, boxes, or other symbols instead ofUnicode characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, seeHelp:IPA.

Sognamål (lit. 'Sogn language'; pronounced in Sognamål:sognamaol) is a WesternNorwegian dialect which is spoken in the area ofSogn. One of the most prominent features of Sognamål is the pronunciation[aʊ] instead of[ɔː] in many words, i.e. exactly how the letter "á" is pronounced in modernIcelandic. Thefolk/black metal bandWindir fromSogndal used the dialect in their lyrics.

Phonology

[edit]

Consonants

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Consonant phonemes[2]
LabialAlveolarPalatalVelarGlottal
Nasalmn
Plosive /
Affricate		voicelessptc͡çk
voicedbdɟ͡ʝɡ
Fricativevoicelessfsh
voicedv
Trillr
  • /m,p,b/ arebilabial, whereas/f,v/ arelabiodental.
  • /p,b,t,d,k,ɡ/ are plosives, whereas/c͡ç,ɟ͡ʝ/ are affricates.[2]
  • Phonetically,/r/ can be trilled[r] or tapped[ɾ].[2]

Vowels

[edit]
Monophthongs of Sognamål, fromHaugen (2004:30)
Monophthong phonemes of Sognamål[3]
FrontBack
unroundedrounded
shortlongshortlongshortlong
Closeiiːʊʊː
Midɛeːøøːɔɔː
Openaaː
  • /eː/ is close-mid front[eː]. Its short counterpart is the open-mid front[ɛ].[3]
  • /ʊ,ʊː/ are close-mid[o,oː].[3]
  • The long/øː/ is open-mid front[œː], whereas the short/ø/ varies between open-mid front[œ] and near-close front[ʉ̞˖].[3]
  • /ɔ,ɔː/ are open-mid[ɔ,ɔː].[3]
  • /a,aː/ are central[ä,äː].[3]
Part 1 of Sognamåldiphthongs, fromHaugen (2004:31)
Part 2 of Sognamåldiphthongs, fromHaugen (2004:31)
Diphthong phonemes of Sognamål[4]
Starting pointEnding point
FrontBack
unroundedrounded
shortlongshortlongshortlong
Closeiʉiʉː
Close-mideieiːeʉeʉː
Open-midɔiɔiːøyøyːoʊoʊː
Openaiaiːaʊaʊː
  • /iʉ,iʉː/ are phonetically[iʉ̟,iʉ̟ː].[5]
  • /ei,eiː/ are phonetically[ei,eiː].[5]
  • /eʉ,eʉː/ are phonetically[eʉ̟,eʉ̟ː].[5]
  • /øy,øyː/ are phonetically[œy,œyː].[5]
  • /ɔi,ɔiː/ are phonetically[ɔ̟i,ɔ̟iː].[5]
  • /oʊ,oʊː/ are phonetically[ɔo,ɔoː].[5]
  • /ai,aiː/ are phonetically[äi,äiː].[5]
  • /aʊ,aʊː/ are phonetically[äo̟,äo̟ː].[5]

References

[edit]
  1. ^Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin; Bank, Sebastian (2022-05-24)."Older Runic".Glottolog.Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology.Archived from the original on 2022-11-13. Retrieved2022-11-13.
  2. ^abcHaugen (2004), p. 32.
  3. ^abcdefHaugen (2004), p. 30.
  4. ^Haugen (2004), pp. 30–31.
  5. ^abcdefghHaugen (2004), p. 31.

Bibliography

[edit]
Varieties
Written
Official
Unofficial
Spoken
West and south
East
Trøndersk
North
Non-dialectical
Extinct
Other topics
Institutions


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