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Amechanical soft diet oredentulous diet, orsoft food(s) diet, is a diet that involves only foods that are physically soft, with the goal of reducing or eliminating the need tochew the food. This is also commonly referred to as a texture-modified diet within the Speech-Language Pathology field and can have varying degrees of severity ranging from mushy solids to thicker liquids to a pure liquid diet. The IDDSI (International Dysphagia Diet Standardization Initiative) has developed a standardized framework for labeling the modified foods and liquids.[1] It is recommended for people who have difficulty chewing food, including people with some types ofdysphagia (difficulty swallowing), theloss of many or all teeth, pain from recently adjusteddental braces, or surgery involving the jaw, mouth, orgastrointestinal tract.
A mechanical soft diet can include many or most foods if they are mashed,puréed, chopped very small, combined with sauce or gravy, or softened in liquid.
In some situations, there are additional restrictions. For example, patients who need to avoidacid reflux, such as those recovering from esophageal surgery forachalasia, are also instructed to stay away from foods that can aggravate reflux, which include alcohol, caffeine, chocolate, citrus fruits, ketchup and other tomato products, mint, and spicy foods. Foods such as blackberries and tomatoes may be restricted because they contain small seeds.[2]
Apuréed diet is commonly used for people who have difficulty swallowing and provides a uniformly smooth consistency.[2]
Soft diets, particularly purée foods, can contribute to the high prevalence of malnutrition in those with dysphagia, especially in long-term care residents.[3] Such diets are often less palatable, and a reduction in food intake is common. Also, puréed diets are often poorer in calories, protein, and micronutrients than regular diets.[4]
Most of the foods on this diet can be both puréed and thinned with liquids to be incorporated into a full-liquid diet.
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