 | |
 Entrance from Burlington House courtyard | |
| Formation | 1707; 318 years ago (1707) (royal charter: 1751) |
|---|---|
| Type | Learned society |
| Registration no. | 207237 |
| Legal status | Registered charity |
| Purpose | Historical and archaeological |
| Headquarters | Burlington House, London |
| Services | Research and publications, lectures and events, grant-giving, heritage conservation, and exhibitions |
| Membership | 3,300 (2025) |
President (48th) | Martin Millett |
General Secretary | Natasha McEnroe |
| Revenue | £2,567,905[1] (2020) |
| Website | www |
TheSociety of Antiquaries of London (SAL) is alearned society ofhistorians andarchaeologists in the United Kingdom. It was founded in 1707, received itsroyal charter in 1751 and is aregistered charity.[2][3] It is based atBurlington House inPiccadilly, a building owned by theUK government.
The modern membership of around 3,300 fellows mostly consists of archaeologists and historians, who can use thepost-nominal lettersFSA after their names.
Fellows (full members) of the society are elected by existing fellows and are entitled to use thepost-nominal letters FSA after their names. The election procedure is selective and fellowship is regarded as recognition of significant achievement in the fields of archaeology, antiquities, history or heritage.[citation needed] A nomination must be made by an existing fellow and endorsed by between five and twelve other fellows. Asecret ballot of the membership is then held; to be successful a candidate must receive two "yes" votes for every "no" vote.[4]
As of 2025,[update] the society has a membership of around 3,300 fellows.[4]
In June 2022, the society introduced a lower tier of "affiliate membership", open to anyone on payment of an annual subscription.[5] Benefits include access to and borrowing rights from the society's library.[6]
A precursor organisation, theCollege of Antiquaries, was foundedc. 1586 and functioned largely as a debating society until it was forbidden to do so byKing James I in 1614.
The first informal meeting of the modern Society of Antiquaries occurred at the Bear Tavern onThe Strand on 5 December 1707.[7] This early group, conceived byJohn Talman,John Bagford, andHumfrey Wanley, sought a charter fromQueen Anne for the study of British antiquities; its projected ventures included a series of 35 books to be issued. The proposal for the society was to be advanced byRobert Harley, 1st Earl of Oxford, but his dismissal from government caused it to become idle.[8] The formalisation of proceedings occurred in 1717,[9] and the first minutes at the Mitre Tavern,Fleet Street, are dated 1 January 1718. The first secretary of the revived society wasWilliam Stukeley.[8]
Those attending these early meetings examined objects, gave talks, and discussed theories of historical sites. Reports on the dilapidation of significant buildings were also produced. The society was also concerned with the topics ofheraldry,genealogy, and historical documents.[8] In 1751, a successful application for a charter of incorporation was sought by its long-serving vice presidentJoseph Ayloffe,[10] which allowed the society to own property.[8]
The society began to gather large collections of manuscripts, paintings, and artefacts, housing such gifts and bequests while a proper institution for them did not exist. The acquisition of a large group of important paintings in 1828 preceded the establishment of theNational Portrait Gallery by some 30 years. A gift ofThomas Kerrich, which included portraits ofEdward IV,Mary Tudor, and two ofRichard III, reveal anti-Tudor bias in their later portrayal.[8]
Following theLondon Blitz, the society organised many of the excavations ofRoman andmedieval ruins exposed by the bombing of theCity, with annual surveys performed every year between 1946 and 1962. Among other finds, they discovered the previously unknownLondon citadel (Latin:arx) in the northwest corner of theLondon Wall. The findings were summarized in 1968 byW. F. Grimes.
In 1962, the society became the owner of the house and land ofKelmscott Manor, the former home ofWilliam Morris.[11]
In 2007, the society celebrated its tercentennial year (recognising the first, less formal meetings) with an exhibition at theRoyal Academy entitledMaking History: Antiquaries in Britain 1707–2007. The tercentenary was also marked by two substantial publications: a collection of seventeen scholarly essays on the parallel themes of the history of the society itself and changing interpretations of the material relics of the past over the three centuries of its existence;[12] and the illustrated catalogue of the exhibition, which included fifteen shorter thematic essays by various expert contributors.[13]
The society faced controversy in 2019, when its council was unable to pass a resolution to eject fellowHubert Chesshyre. In 2015, atrial of the facts had reached the verdict that Chesshyre had committedchild sexual abuse offences, leading to a recommendation from theHonours Committee that he be stripped of honours. The council issued a statement saying that it "regrets that a majority of those present [at the vote] did not see fit to support the resolution" and that the incident showed "need to modernise the society's statutes and governance procedures".[14]
In 2020, following comments made byDavid Starkey on slavery and genocide, the society announced that they were modernising their procedures for dealing with behaviour which runs contrary to their values.[15] Starkey subsequently resigned his fellowship.[16]
The society's library is the major archaeological research library in the UK. Having acquired material since the early 18th century, the Library's present holdings number more than 100,000 books and around 800 currently received periodical titles. The catalogue include rare drawings and manuscripts, such as theinventory of allHenry VIII's possessions at the time of his death.[17]
As the oldest archaeological library in the country, the Library holds an outstanding collection of Britishcounty histories, a fine collection of 18th- and 19th-century books on the antiquities of Britain and other countries and an exceptionally wide-ranging collection of periodical titles (British and foreign) with runs dating back to the early to mid-19th century.[18]
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In 1718, the society began to publish a series of illustrated papers on ancient buildings, sites, and artefacts, mainly those of Britain and usually written by members of the society, under the titleVetusta Monumenta. The series continued to appear on an irregular basis until 1906. The papers were published in afolio format, and were notable for the inclusion of finely engraved views and reproductions of artefacts.
An engraver was employed by the society from its inception – the earliest wereGeorge Vertue,James Basire and successors – labouring to produce the copperplate used in the printing of the folio editions.[9] The prints were often large and appealing, and were intended to satisfy popular demand for archæological subject matter; their quasi-scientific illustrations were often inset with multiple viewpoints of architectural details.[9] A fellow of the society,Richard Gough (director 1771 to 1791), sought to expand and improve publication of the society's research, motivated by the steady dilapidation of examples ofGothic architecture.[20]
A later series of oversize issues was used to accommodate the format of some historical works, which the society had commissioned to be reproduced byEdward Edwards andSamuel Hieronymus Grimm in water-colour in 1771; the first issues of these were mostly done by Basire. The first of these with a reproduction of a 16th-century oil painting of the historic scene at theField of the Cloth of Gold. The paper for this series required a larger size than was available, the manufacturerJames Whatman was instructed to create a sheet 31 in × 53 in (790 mm × 1,350 mm); the name given to this format is "Antiquarian". The engraving of the plate, measuring 4 ft 1 in (1.24 m) by 2 ft 3 in (0.69 m), required two years to complete. The standard printing for this series was 400 prints; the plates were carefully stored by the society and used occasionally to fulfil later requests; only three of the seven plates still exist.[9]
The society's firstjournal wasArchaeologia (full title:Archaeologia; or, Miscellaneous Tracts relating to Antiquity), of which the first volume appeared, in aquarto format, in 1770.[21] The journal mainly contained papers that had been delivered at the society's meetings: in the early years these included many delivered in previous decades that had remained unpublished.Archaeologia continued to appear on a more or less regular basis until after theSecond World War, but then became increasingly irregular, some of its ground having been taken by the society's other journals. Only two volumes were published in the 1980s (vols 107 and 108), and two in the 1990s (vols 109 and 110, published in 1991 and 1992 respectively). The society's tercentennial collection of essays of 2007 was technically published as vol. 111 ofArchaeologia.[12] No print volumes have been published since.
In January 2023,Archaeologia was relaunched as an occasional digital journal, to serve as a vehicle foropen access research papers of a length falling above the upper limit ofc.10,000 words for theAntiquaries Journal.[22][23]
In 1843 the society took the decision to publish some of its proceedings in a second periodical in a smaller format, initially unillustrated, which could appear on a more frequent basis thanArchaeologia: it was entitledProceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of London. The first part appeared in 1844 (containing papers delivered in 1843), and this first series continued until 1859, by which time four volumes had appeared. A second series was then begun, in which 32 volumes appeared down to 1920.
In 1921Proceedings was superseded by a new annual journal, theAntiquaries Journal. This continues to the present day, volume 101 having been published in 2021.[24]
Since the end of 2001, the society has published a fortnightly online newsletter calledSalon (Society of Antiquaries Online Newsletter).[25]
The following have served as Presidents of the Society:[26][27][28]
