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People's Republic of Montenegro (1945–1963) Народна Република Црна Гора (Serbo-Croatian) Socialist Republic of Montenegro (1963–1991) Republic of Montenegro (1991–1992) Република Црна Гора (Serbo-Croatian) | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1944–1992 | |||||||||||
 Location of Montenegro inYugoslavia | |||||||||||
| Status | Constituent republic ofYugoslavia | ||||||||||
| Capital | Titograd | ||||||||||
| Common languages | Serbo-Croatian (Serbian standard) Albanian | ||||||||||
| Government | 1944–1990: Unitarycommunist state 1990–1992: Unitary parliamentary republic | ||||||||||
| President | |||||||||||
• 1945–1946 (first) | Niko Miljanić | ||||||||||
• 1990–1992 (last) | Momir Bulatović | ||||||||||
| Prime Minister | |||||||||||
• 1945–1953 (first) | Blažo Jovanović | ||||||||||
• 1989–1992 (last) | Radoje Kontić | ||||||||||
| Legislature | People's Assembly | ||||||||||
| History | |||||||||||
• ZAVNOCGB | 15 December 1944 | ||||||||||
| 8 May 1945 | |||||||||||
| December 1992 | |||||||||||
| Population | |||||||||||
• 1991 census | 615,035 | ||||||||||
| ISO 3166 code | ME | ||||||||||
| |||||||||||
TheSocialist Republic of Montenegro (Serbo-Croatian:Socijalistička Republika Crna Gora /Социјалистичка Република Црна Гора), commonly referred to asSocialist Montenegro or simplyMontenegro, was one of the six republics forming theSocialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and thenation state of theMontenegrins. It is a predecessor of the modern-dayMontenegro.
Socialist Montenegro was anon-nationalist state[1] andSerbo-Croatian was its official language.Prior to its formation, Montenegro was part ofZeta banovina administrative unit ofKingdom of Yugoslavia.
Between 1945 and 1963, theMontenegrin government embarked on a program of rapid industrialization, nationalization ofprivate property, and collectivization of agriculture, following the wider Yugoslav socialist development strategy. Political control was exercised through theLeague of Communists of Montenegro, the local branch of the LCY, which played a central role in governance and ideological supervision.[2]
The 1963 Constitution marked a shift by renaming the republic and modestly redefining its status within the federation. A more significant transformation occurred after the 1974Yugoslav Constitution, which granted Montenegro and other republics increased autonomy, particularly ingovernance, foreign relations, and economic planning. Nonetheless, Montenegro remained loyal to federal unity, often aligning closely with Belgrade’s political direction.[3]
Montenegrin politics during this era were relatively stable but tightly controlled. Dissent was minimal until the 1980s, when a broader liberalization across Yugoslavia led to increasing national expression and the emergence of reformist voices. These shifts, combined with the federation’s deepening political and economic crisis, culminated in the collapse of thesocialist regime. In 1991, Montenegro began its transition towardmultiparty democracy, formally ending decades ofcommunist rule.[4]
On 7 July 1963, thePeople's Republic of Montenegro (Serbo-Croatian:Narodna Republika Crna Gora / Народна Република Црна Гора) was renamed the "Socialist Republic of Montenegro" (a change ratified both by the Federal Constitution and the newly created Montenegrin Constitution in 1963) withSerbo-Croatian as the official language. In 1991, as theLeague of Communists of Montenegro changed its name toDemocratic Party of Socialists of Montenegro after the first multi-party elections, the adjective "Socialist" was erased from the republic's title (ratified by the Constitutional Amendment LXXXIV of August 2 in 1991). Montenegro joined the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia on 27 April 1992 after a referendum was held on 1 March on the question of whether Montenegro should remain a part of Yugoslavia or pursue independence.[5] The flag and emblem were changed in December 1993.
Part ofa series on the |
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1971 census:[6]
1981 census:[6]
1991 census:[6]
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