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Socialist Lebanon

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Socialist Lebanon (Arabic:لبنان الاشتراكي,Lubnān al-ištirākī) was aMarxist group inLebanon. The group was formed in 1965 by intellectuals and academicians includingAhmad Beydoun,Waddah Sharara, andFawwaz Traboulsi.^[1]^[2]

In 1970 the group merged with theOrganization of Lebanese Socialists, and formed theCommunist Action Organization in Lebanon.

References

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^الدكتور أحمد بيضون: المفكر والكاتب والباحث الأكاديمي
^Kazziha, Walid. 1975.Revolutionary Transformation in the Arab World: Habash and his Comrades from Nationalism to Marxism. New York: St. Martin's Press, p. 99.

Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party

Iraqi-dominated faction
Syrian-dominated faction

History

Predecessors	Arab Ba'ath Arab Ba'ath Movement Arab Socialist Movement Syrian Committee to Help Iraq
Founders	Michel Aflaq Salah al-Din al-Bitar
Pre-split	1954 Syrian coup d'état 14 July Revolution 1959 Mosul uprising Attempted assassination of Abdul-Karim Qasim 1961 Syrian coup d'état Ramadan Revolution 1963 Syrian coup d'état Ba'athist Syria Politics National Council for the Revolutionary Command Ar-Rashid revolt November 1963 Iraqi coup d'état 1964 Hama riot 1966 Syrian coup d'état
Post-split	17 July Revolution Ba'athist Iraq Revolutionary Command Council Members Arab Belt Corrective Revolution Corrective Movement Union of Arab Republics Ba'athist Arabization campaigns in northern Iraq 1979 Ba'ath Party Purge Assadist–Saddamist conflict 1984 Syrian coup attempt Faith Campaign Iraqi conflict De-Ba'athification in Iraq Ba'ath Party archives Syrian civil war Fall of the Assad regime

Leadership

General Secretaries

Pre-split	Michel Aflaq Munif Razzaz
Iraqi-dominated faction	Michel Aflaq Saddam Hussein Izzat Ibrahim al-Douri Salah Al-Mukhtar*
Syrian-dominated faction	Nureddin al-Atassi Hafez al-Assad Abdullah al-Ahmar(de facto) Bashar al-Assad

Regional Secretaries

Iraq	Fuad al-Rikabi Talib El-Shibib Ali Salih al-Sa'di Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr Saddam Hussein Izzat Ibrahim al-Douri Mohammed Younis al-Ahmed*
Jordan	Abdullah Rimawi Munif Razzaz Akram al-Homsi*
Lebanon	Assem Qanso Abd al-Majid al-Rafei
Palestine	Isam al-Qadi Rakad Salem*
Syria	Hammud al-Shufi Shibli al-Aysami Amin al-Hafiz Nureddin al-Atassi Hafez al-Assad Bashar al-Assad

Members of theNational Command

Members of the Regional Commands

Iraq	Humam Abd al-Khaliq Abd al-Ghafur Ghanim Abdul-Jalil Saad Abdul-Majid Jamal Mustafa Abdullah Mohammed Younis al-Ahmed Salah Omar al-Ali Huda Salih Mahdi Ammash Salih Mahdi Ammash Hussein Al-Awadi Tariq Aziz Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr Adil Abdullah Mahdi Al-Douri Izzat Ibrahim al-Douri Saadoun Ghaidan Fadil Mahmud Gharib Mizban Khadr al-Hadi Sa'dun Hammadi Qusay Hussein Saddam Hussein Latif Nassif Jassim Rashid Taan Kazim Adnan Khayr Allah Ali Hassan al-Majid Muhyi Abdul-Hussein Mashhadi Samir Abdul Aziz al-Najim Aziz Saleh Al-Numan Ghazi Hamoud Al-Obaidi Taha Yassin Ramadan Fawzi Mutlaq al-Rawi Rashid al-Rifai Fuad al-Rikabi Ali Salih al-Sa'di Abd Al-Baqi Abd Karim Al-Sadun Muhammad Zimam al-Sadun Abdul Khaliq al-Samarra'i Abdullah Sallum al-Samarra'i Talib El-Shibib Nayef Shindakh Thamer Khamis Sirhan Hardan al-Tikriti Yahya Abdallah al-Ubaydi Tahir Yahya Mohammed Hamza Zubeidi Ibrahim Hesqel
Lebanon	Musa Shuaib
Syria	Hadiya Khalaf Abbas Abdullah al-Ahmar Hussein Arnous Bashar al-Assad Hafez al-Assad Maher al-Assad Rifaat al-Assad Nureddin al-Atassi Shibli al-Aysami Ali Abdullah Ayyoub Mahmoud al-Ayyubi Mohammed Saeed Bekheitan Muhsen Bilal Mahdi Dakhlallah Ahmad Diyab Ali Duba Fahd Jassem al-Freij Marwan Habash Ibrahim al-Hadid Amin al-Hafiz Muhammad Ali al-Halabi Wael Nader al-Halqi Adnan Badr Hassan Salim Hatum Hilal Hilal Mohammad al-Hussein Hisham Ikhtiyar Salah Jadid Abdul-Karim al-Jundi Sami al-Jundi Abdul Rauf al-Kasm Abdul Halim Khaddam Imad Khamis Ahmad al-Khatib Abdul Rahman Khleifawi Mohammad Jihad al-Laham Ibrahim Makhous Zuhair Masharqa Muhammad Mustafa Mero Muhammad Naji al-Otari Abdul Qadir Qaddura Hammouda Sabbagh Farouk al-Sharaa Hikmat al-Shihabi Hammud al-Shufi Mustafa Tlass Hasan Turkmani Muhammad Umran Salim Yasin Mahmoud Al-Zoubi Yusuf Zuayyin
Yemen	Ali Ahmad Nasser al-Dhahab

Heads of state

Iraq	Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr Saddam Hussein
Syria	Amin al-Hafiz Nureddin al-Atassi Ahmad al-Khatib Hafez al-Assad Presidency Abdul Halim Khaddam(interim) Bashar al-Assad Presidency

Heads of government

Iraq	Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr Saddam Hussein Sa'dun Hammadi Mohammed Hamza Zubeidi Ahmad Husayn Khudayir as-Samarrai
Syria	Salah al-Din al-Bitar Amin al-Hafiz Yusuf Zuayyin Nureddin al-Atassi Hafez al-Assad Abdul Rahman Khleifawi Mahmoud al-Ayyubi Muhammad Ali al-Halabi Abdul Rauf al-Kasm Mahmoud Al-Zoubi Muhammad Mustafa Mero Muhammad Naji al-Otari Adel Safar Riyad Farid Hijab Wael Nader al-Halqi Imad Khamis Hussein Arnous Mohammad Ghazi al-Jalali

* = incumbent

Organization

Regional branches

Iraqi-dominated faction	Algeria Bahrain Egypt Iraq Regional Command Jordan Lebanon Libya Mauritania Palestine Sudan Tunisia Yemen
Syrian-dominated faction	Jordan Lebanon Mauritania Palestine South Yemen Sudan Syria Central Command History National Security Bureau Yemen

Newspapers

Popular fronts

Wings

Paramilitary	Army of the Men of the Naqshbandi Order Ba'ath Brigades Fedayeen Saddam General Military Council for Iraqi Revolutionaries Jaysh Muhammad al-Fatih National Defense Battalions Popular Army Supreme Command for Jihad and Liberation
Others	General Federation of Trade Unions General Union of Peasants Revolutionary Youth Union

Associated organizations

Armed groups

Breakaway groups

Political alliances

Current	Alliance of Palestinian Forces Forces of Freedom and Change March 8 Alliance National Consensus Forces National Democratic Alliance Palestine Liberation Organization Palestinian National and Islamic Forces
Former	Ahd Bloc Front of Patriotic and National Parties Lebanese National Movement Lebanese National Resistance Front National Alliance for the Liberation of Syria National Union Front Palestinian National Alliance Palestinian National Salvation Front Rejectionist Front

Political parties

Miscellaneous

Ideology	Anti-imperialism Anti-Zionism Arab nationalism Arab socialism Assadism Ba'athism Left-wing populism Neo-Ba'athism Pan-Arabism Progressivism Republicanism Revolutionary socialism Romantic nationalism Saddamism Secularism Socialism Vanguardism
Literature	The Battle for One Destiny On the Way of Resurrection
Symbolism	Ardulfurataini Pan-Arab colors Waḥda, Ḥurriyya, Ishtirākiyya

Political parties in Lebanon

Ministers (24)

March 8 Alliance (5)	Amal Movement (2) Hezbollah (2) Armenian Revolutionary Federation (Tashnag) (1)
March 14 Alliance (7)	Lebanese Forces (4) Progressive Socialist Party (2) Kataeb Party (1)
Others (12)	PM's share (9) President's share (3)

National Assembly (128)

March 8 Alliance (60)	Free Patriotic Movement (17) Amal Movement (14) Hezbollah (13) Armenian Revolutionary Federation (Tashnag) (3) Marada Movement (2) Al-Ahbash (2) Ba'ath Party (1) Dignity Movement (1) Popular Nasserist Organization (1) Union Party (1) Independent (5)
March 14 Alliance (38)	Lebanese Forces (19) Future Movement (8) Kataeb Party (4) Independence Movement (2) National Liberal Party (1) Islamic group (1) Independent (3)
17 October Revolution (13)	Taqaddom (2) Lebanese Communist Party (1) Beirut Tuqawem (1) Tahalof Watani (1) Khatt Ahmar (1) Lana (1) Osos Lebanon (1) ReLebanon (1)
Others (10)	Progressive Socialist Party (8) Popular Nasserist Organization (1) National Dialogue Party (1)

Politics of Lebanon

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