 The Snares Islands seen from the northeast, with Broughton Island on the left and Daption Rocks on the right | |
 Map of the Snares Islands | |
  Snares Islands Location of the Snares Islands in the Pacific Ocean | |
| Geography | |
|---|---|
| Coordinates | 48°01′S166°32′E / 48.017°S 166.533°E /-48.017; 166.533 |
| Area | 3.4[1] km2 (1.3 sq mi) |
| Highest elevation | 130 m (430 ft) |
| Administration | |
New Zealand | |
| Demographics | |
| Population | Uninhabited (2013) |
TheSnares Islands (Māori:Tini Heke; officiallySnares Islands / Tini Heke),[2] known colloquially asThe Snares, is a group of uninhabited islands lying about 200 km (120 mi) south ofNew Zealand'sSouth Island and to the south-southwest ofStewart Island / Rakiura. The Snares consist of the mainNorth East Island and the smallerBroughton Island andAlert Stack, as well as theWestern Chain Islands some 5 km (3.1 mi) to the west-southwest. Collectively, the Snares have a total land area of 3.4 km2 (1.3 sq mi).[1]
The islands are listed with theNew Zealand Outlying Islands. The islands are an immediate part of New Zealand, not part of anyregion ordistrict, but insteadArea Outside Territorial Authority, like all the other outlying islands except theSolander Islands.
The islands were already known to theMāori, who called one of the larger islandsTe Taniwha ("The sea-monster"). The island group was first sighted by Europeans on 23 November 1791 independently by the two shipsHMSDiscovery under CaptainGeorge Vancouver, andHMSChatham, commanded by LieutenantWilliam R. Broughton, both of theVancouver Expedition. Vancouver named the islands "The Snares" because he considered them a shipping hazard; an islet east of the Western Chain bears the name Vancouver Rock, and the second largest island is named after Broughton.[1]
In contrast to Vancouver, Broughton proposed the name "Knight's Island".[3] Unlike othersubantarctic islands that were greatly affected by thewhaling andsealing industry in the 19th century, the Snares remain one of the last pristine areas in New Zealand.
TheNgāi Tahu Claims Settlement Act 1998 officially altered the name to "Snares Islands/Tini Heke" – one of many such changes under theNgāi TahuTreaty settlement.[4]
The main island of the Snares group,North East Island, as its name suggests, lies at the northeastern corner of the group. It has roughly the shape of a triangle, but with two concave edges, this causing both the southern and northwestern coast to be in the form of large irregular bays. Cliffs and reefs are found along the northeastern coast and part of the southern coast, with the island's highest point – rising to 130 metres – being located on the long westward-pointing finger which lies between them.[5]
In contrast, the east coast is relatively flat and sloping, and provides the only easy access-point for landing, close to Station Point. Several small bays dot the east coast, among them Punui Bay, Ho Ho Bay, and Mollymawk Bay. The island's northernmost and southernmost points are the prosaically named North Promontory and South Promontory. Several small islets, the Daption Rocks, lie off the tip of North Promontory, and are the island group's northernmost point.[6]
The group's second largest island,Broughton Island, lies to the southeast of South Promontory. Steeply sloping, it is surrounded by cliffs, reefs and small islets on three sides, with only the northern side being relatively accessible.[6]
The long finger on the western coast of the main island has several small islands located close to its tip. The largest of these,Alert Stack, is located to the south of the peninsula and separated from it by a narrow channel. The peninsula points almost directly towards theWestern Chain, a line of stacks located some 4 kilometres to the southwest of the main island. These islets are simply named Tahi, Rua, Toru, Wha, and Rima, theMāori words for the numerals one to five. Between this chain and North East island lies the small stack of Vancouver Rock.[6]
The following table includes named islands according toLand Information New Zealand.[7]
| Location | Area (ha) | Group |
|---|---|---|
| North East Island | 290.4 | |
| Broughton Island | 41.5 | |
| Alert Stack | 9.0 | |
| Daption Rocks | 2.4 | |
| Vancouver Rock | 0.02 | |
| Tahi | 7.6 | Western Chain |
| Toru | 6.8 | |
| Rima | 3.4 | |
| Rua | 2.9 | |
| Wha | 2.6 | |
| Western Chain | 23.3 | |
Total | 366.6 |
All of the Snares islands and their surrounding waters have been recognised asImportant Bird Areas (IBAs) byBirdLife International for their significant seabird breeding populations. The eastern islands are notable for theirSnares penguins,Buller's albatrosses,sooty shearwaters,mottled petrels andcommon diving petrels, as well as ofSnares snipe.[8] The Western Chain hosts colonies of Snares penguins,Salvin's, Buller's andChatham albatrosses.[9] The islands also provide a home to theendemicSnares tomtit, as well as to several endemic invertebrates such asGrypotheca horningae.
North East Island is forested and is the world's premier breeding area for the sooty shearwaters, with up to three million individuals being present during the breeding season (November–April). A dangerous reef (Seal Reef) lies ten kilometres to the south of the group.Megaherb communities grow on the islands.
The islands enjoy a status of high protection and are rated by the New Zealand Department of Conservation as "minimum impact islands".[10] Landing on the islands is generally prohibited or by special research permit only.
The area is among five subantarctic island groups forming theNew Zealand Subantarctic Islands, designated as aWorld Heritage Site by UNESCO.[11]
| International | |
|---|---|
| National | |
