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Aslipstream is a region behind a moving object in which awake offluid (typically air or water) is moving atvelocities comparable to that of the moving object, relative to the ambient fluid through which the object is moving.[1] The term slipstream also applies to the similar region adjacent to an object with a fluid moving around it. "Slipstreaming" or "drafting" works because of the relative motion of the fluid in the slipstream.
A slipstream created byturbulent flow has a slightly lower pressure than the ambient fluid around the object. When the flow islaminar, the pressure behind the object is higher than the surrounding fluid. The shape of an object determines how strong the effect is. In general, the moreaerodynamic an object is, the smaller and weaker its slipstream will be. For example, a box-like front (relative to the object's motion) will collide with the medium's particles at a high rate, transferring more momentum from the object to the fluid than a more aerodynamic object. A bullet-like profile will cause lessturbulence and create a morelaminar flow.
A tapered rear will permit the particles of the medium to rejoin more easily and quickly than a truncated rear. This reduces lower-pressure effect in the slipstream, but also increasesskin friction (in engineering designs, these effects must be balanced).
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The term "slipstreaming" describes an object travelling inside the slipstream of another object (most often objects moving through the air though not necessarily flying). If an object is following another object, moving at the same speed, the rear object will require less power to maintain its speed than if it were moving independently. This technique, also calleddrafting, can be used by bicyclists.
Spiral slipstream, also known aspropwash,prop wash, orspiraling slipstream, is aspiral-shaped slipstream formed behind a rotatingpropeller on anaircraft. The most noticeable effect resulting from the formation of a spiral slipstream is the tendency toyaw nose-left at low speed and fullthrottle (in centerlinetractor aircraft with a clockwise-rotating propeller.) This effect is caused by the slipstream acting upon the tailfin of the aircraft: The slipstream causes the air to rotate around the longitudinal axis of the aircraft, and this air flow exerts a force on the tail fin, pushing it to the right. To counteract this, some aircraft have the front of the fin (vertical stabilizer) slightly offset from the centreline so as to provide an opposing force that cancels out the one produced by the slipstream, albeit only at one particular (usually cruising) speed, an example being theHawker Hurricane fighter fromWorld War II.
Propeller slipstream causes increased lift by increasing the airspeed over part of the wings. It also reduces thestall speed of the aircraft by energizing the flow over the wings.[7]: 61
