 Logo used since 2014 | |
 Headquarters atCDT da Anhanguera | |
| Type | Free-to-airtelevision network |
|---|---|
| Country | Brazil |
| Stations | |
| Affiliates | SeeList of SBT affiliates |
| Headquarters | CDT da Anhanguera,Osasco,São Paulo, Brazil |
| Programming | |
| Language | Portuguese |
| Picture format | 1080iHDTV (downgraded to480i for the SD feed) |
| Ownership | |
| Owner | Abravanel Family |
| Parent | Grupo Silvio Santos |
| Key people | Renata Abravanel, Rinaldi Faria |
| Sister channels | SBT Internacional SBT News SBT Kids |
| History | |
| Founded | 19 August 1981; 44 years ago (1981-08-19) |
| Founder | Silvio Santos |
| Replaced | Rede Tupi (São Paulo,Porto Alegre andBelém) |
| Links | |
| Website | www |
| Availability | |
| Terrestrial | |
| Digital terrestrial television | 24 UHF (Brasília,Jaú,Nova Friburgo,Rio de Janeiro andRibeirão Preto) 28 UHF (Porto Alegre andSão Paulo) |
TheSistema Brasileiro de Televisão (Brazilian Portuguese:[sisˈtẽmɐbɾaziˈlejɾudʒiteleviˈzɐ̃w̃],lit. Brazilian Television System;SBT,Brazilian Portuguese:[ˈɛsiˈbeˈte]) is a Brazilianfree-to-airtelevision network founded on 19 August 1981, by the businessman and television personalitySilvio Santos.[1][2] The company was established after a public tender by theBrazilian Federal Government to form two new networks (the other wasManchete), created from revoked concessions of the defunctTupi andExcelsior networks.[3] The network was founded on the same day that the concession agreement was signed, and that the act was broadcastlive by the network, becoming its first program to be aired.[4][5] Before acquiring the concessions of the four stations that were to form the SBT,Grupo Silvio Santos had since 1976 the concession ofRio de Janeiro's channel 11, known as TVS Rio de Janeiro (now SBT Rio), which was a fundamental step to give life to the SBT.[6][7]
In April 2018, the SBT was the second-most watched television network in Brazil, behindGlobo.[8] Throughout its existence, the network always occupied the space in the audience ranking, except between 2007 and 2014, when theRecord network took its place.[9][10][11][12][13][14] The SBT has a total of 114broadcasttelevision stations (O&Os andaffiliates) throughout the Brazilian territory,[2][15][16] and is also available throughpay television operators (cable andsatellite),free-to-air signal onsatellite receivers and also throughstreaming media in theirmobile application (Android,iOS andWindows), applications forsmart TVs and its website.[16][17][18][19] Also on their website, its programming is available invideo on demand for free, also available from the video-sharing siteYouTube since 2010.[20][21] In March 2017, the 43 channels of the SBT on YouTube accumulated 20 million subscribers and 70 billion minutes watched.[22]
SBT broadcasts a wide variety of television genres in its programming, whereas its own material generally stands adjacent to entertainment.[17] Foreign programming, mainly thetelenovelas produced by the networks owned by the Mexican conglomerateTelevisa, are part of their program schedule.[23][24][25][26] It is the onlycommercial television broadcaster in Brazil which airschildren's programming, even arranging a partnership withThe Walt Disney Company, in which the company provides two hours of daily programming for the network.[1][27][28][29][30][31] The network also has airtime for thetelevision news, producing all three daily newscasts on weekdays, a weekly news program and a weekly newscast.[32][33][34]
The network ownsCDT da Anhanguera, a television complex located at the kilometer 18 of theRodovia Anhanguera, inOsasco,São Paulo, occupying an area of 231 thousand square meters.[35] This is the third largest television complex in size installed inLatin America, being smaller only than the studios ofTV Azteca, in Mexico, and theEstúdios Globo.[36]
Rede Tupi, the channel 4 in São Paulo, began operations in 1950. In 1962 (when he began his first TV program),Silvio Santos produced his own programs on Tupi, TV Paulista and onRede Globo beginning in 1965. Soon enough, he started plans to have his own television channel. His production company, Estudios Silvio Santos Cinema e Televisão, was successful on Tupi, Globo and (since 1972) onRecord (where he then owned half of the company's stock).
In 1976, with help from humorist and friend Manuel de Nóbrega (who had a show on Rede Globo and was part ofBaú da Felicidade), Santos obtained a license for his own station:Rio de Janeiro's channel 11, known as"TV Studios" or "TVS". Soon after its launch, its flagship program (Programa Silvio Santos on Sundays) plus the late nightSilvio Santos Diferente on weekdays began to be broadcast (Santos left Globo the same year). Other programs soon began, as the network gained support from city residents who sought an alternative to Globo, Tupi, Bandeirantes andTV Rio (the city's network, related to TV Record along with TVS). The new channel debuted on 14 May 1976, with a logo of a gold circle with the number 11 slanted in gold, which featured in the firstScanimate idents and promos for the channel - making it a pioneer station in the country when it came to computer animation. While during its early years the network studios were based in Rio, all program production for TVS transferred to São Paulo in 1978–79.
WhenRede Tupi went out of business in 1980, Santos obtained three stations from the network:São Paulo's channel 4,Porto Alegre's channel 5 andBelém's channel 2 (eventually moving to channel 5 weeks after launch) in March 1981.[3] Thus, SBT was created, launching on 19 August 1981. When launched, its owned and operated stations were branded asTVS, a branding already in use in Rio de Janeiro until its phaseout across all owned and operated stations in 1990.
Aside from its owned-and-operated stations,Minas Gerais'TV Alterosa on the same launch day became one of SBT's first affiliates for the network. Some later affiliates were adopted from Rede Tupi after its closure on 18 July 1980, by order of Brazilian Minister of Communications Haroldo de Matos, who the following year would order SBT to begin transmissions. When Tupi closed,Programa Silvio Santos moved to Record but continued simulcasting Sundays on TVS channel 11 as well as on yet another SS Group station - Channel 9, purchased from TV Continental. Santos began the network's expansion efforts, convincing stations to become the SBT and Record affiliates. The official launch of the network on 19 August 1981, also marked the debut of its first presentation package using its famous circle logo (similar to the one used till today by theAmerican Broadcasting Company) and dual branding (the SBT being the official name of the network while TVS being the station branding in its three founding stations), and it was the only network launch to be held inBrasília and broadcast directly from the federal capital city. The first idents were similar to ABC'sStill the One idents of 1979, used by theNine Network in Australia in 1980.
The Matos decision also gave the network the Sumare studios of Tupi for drama production. By the time of the 1981 launch the SBT had 18 affiliate channels nationwide.
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During the 1980s, the SBT established itself, contracting popular hosts and airing a mix of its own andTelevisa programming (especially Mexicantelenovelas and comedy shows such asEl Chavo del Ocho andEl Chapulín Colorado). It climbed to second place in the Brazilian ratings (except in Rio de Janeiro, whereRede Manchete occupied that position). Moreover, it hosted the Brazilian version ofBozo for kids plus even let ex-Tupi program presenters bring their shows over to the fledgling network.
SBT, together withRecord (under the SBT/Record pool) broadcast the1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles, two years later, it did the same endeavor for the1986 FIFA World Cup coverage.[37]
1985 would see the SBT score a historic victory with the broadcast of the Australian miniseriesThe Thorn Birds, and TVS Channel 4 São Paulo became SBT Channel 4 São Paulo, thus becoming a truly national network with the introduction of satellite broadcasts.
In March 1986, the network premiered its new talk show,Hebe, with Hebe Camargo as host; the show was formerly onRede Tupi andRede Bandeirantes. It became one of the network's longest-running programs, running for over 24 years; the final show was at the end of 2010, when Camargo ended her contract. She had a spin-off show,Hebe por Elas (Hebe for All), during the early 1990s. The death of Flavio Cavacante, one of the network's pioneer presenters, just days after his 22 May episode of his own program shocked the nation so much that on the day of his funeral the network started transmissions only in the afternoon in his honor.
In 1987, Santos pursued a better-quality program lineup, while trying to attract a larger audience and better advertisers. During that year (in response to the high popularity of Rede Globo'sXou da Xuxa on weekdays), SBT began increasing its child-oriented programming with programs such asOradukapeta,Show Maravilha and theDo Re Mi series. Nearly all SBT kids' programs had female presenters (different from the format ofXou da Xuxa), becauseOradukapeta was hosted by Sergio Mallandro (also aShow de Calorous judge).
The 1980s was when SBT began to create American-style ad campaigns:
After acquiring the miniseriesThe Thorn Birds, SBT would schedule it after Globo's highly-ratedsoap operaRoque Santeiro, with Santos promoting that viewers could watch the soap and the "sensational" miniseries immediately afterward. SBT went as far as to pre-emptThe Thorn Birds withcartoons after Globo—which had long been known for the punctuality of its schedule—responded by makingSanteiro intentionally overrun its timeslot (thus keeping Santos' word thatThe Thorn Birds would air afterSanteiro).[38] SBT would also delaying an airing of theRambo filmFirst Blood with 50 minutes ofdead air, after Globo scheduled a double-chapter ofVale Tudo against it. SBT had already pre-empted its showing of the film by a week after Globo scheduled an airing ofRambo: First Blood Part II the same day to compete.[39] 1987 also was the year that the network began to change its corporate branding from TVS to the SBT.
Comedian Jô Soares was brought in from TV Globo in 1988, introducing a late-night talk program to Brazilian TV with his 11:30 PM show entitledJô Soares Onze e Meia. Also signed wasBoris Casoy, who became the firstnews anchor in Brazil with hisTJ Brasil newscast (which succeededNoticentro, the network's first newscast with Antonio Casale) and ex-Balão Mágico member Simony.
In 1988, Santos prevented host "Gugu" Liberato from signing with Globo after Liberato hosted the SBT's big weekend hitViva a Noite since 1986. This was widely seen as indicative that Gugu would be Santos' successor on Sunday afternoons, reinforced by the extended timeslot of Gugu's future programDomingo Legal. As a result,Programa Sílvio Santos adopted the dual-presenter format, with Gugu hosting segments such as the Brazilian version ofDouble Dare, calledPassa ou Repassa (known for its "Torta na Cara" segment) andCidade contra Cidade.
The TVS brand was merged into the SBT brand in 1990; the name change was seen in a new campaign ad modeled on NBC's"Come Home to NBC" campaign of 1986–87, which premiered early that year, and in August on TV station identifications celebrating SBT's ninth year of broadcasts (that year, Silvio Santos sold Record as a national network) and it also broadcast the 1990 FIFA World Cup. 1991 saw the beginning of its newscastAqui Agora and Serginho Groisman'sPrograma Livre variety show, just a few of the many successes for the year even as the network's São Paulo studios suffered damages due to massive floods that hit the city. In 1992, the SBT and Rede Globo (together with Manchete, Band, and SporTV) jointly broadcast the1992 Summer Olympics and the1996 Summer Olympics (together with Manchete, Record, Band, SporTV, and ESPN) nationwide, with a grand advertising campaign for the Brazil national team. Despite problems and even the transfer of talents to other stations (such as the then resurgentRede Record), the 90s proved to be a boom for the network, beginning its second decade with 74 affiliates, bigger when it signed on.
SBT invested in its owntelenovelas and remakes of successful ones from foreign networks (most notablyChiquititas), variety programs, news and current affairs, and broadcast rights for sporting events (including theCopa Mercosur, Copa do Brasil andCART). It signed host Carlos "Ratinho" Massa in 1998, obtained more Mexican productions and launchedgame shows (such asShow do Milhão) in 1999. By the end of the decade the SBT held second place in the Brazilian ratings, after Globo, strengthed by a brand new and technologically advanced television complex, the CDT da Anhanguera, inaugurated in 1996, just in time for its 15th anniversary.
The 1990s were the SBT's most fruitful decade for American-style ad campaigns:
SBT began the decade investing in movies, broadcasting a package ofDisney (later moved to TV Globo) andWarner Bros. productions (the latter promoted in a one-hour network block). In 2001, the controversialreality showCasa dos Artistas, accused by many of being a copy ofEndemol'sBig Brother, marked the first time SBT led the Sunday-night ratings, aside from itsDomingo Legal program becoming number one in the Sunday afternoon ratings.[40][41]
Since 2003, with the ratings advances ofRecord andRede Bandeirantes, SBT's ratings have declined. Two events that year marked the beginning of its problems:
In 2005, SBT started airingSBT Brasil, bringing news back to the network's evening schedule; the news operation had been debilitated with the defection of Bóris Casoy to Record in 1997 and the subsequent cancellation ofTJ Brasil in that period. For this end, SBT hiredAna Paula Padrão, who had defected from Globo. The network released campaigns poking at Globo and creating puns with her surname saying "Globo no longer has standard" ("Padrão", her surname, is "standard" in Portuguese, with the joke being a reference to Globo's quality standards). In its early years,SBT Brasil had constant airtime fluctuations (from the initial 7:15pm slot; in 2007 it aired at 9:30pm), which would cause a decline in ratings.[42]
Since then the SBT has aired the successfulRebelde and shows with child hostMaisa Silva, who became popular; however, programs could change without previous announcement (even hosts were sometimes out of the loop), confusing the audience. In 2006 SBT celebrated its 25th anniversary in a deepening crisis.
SBT is the second-largest network in the country, vying for leadership withRede Record. TheCDT da Anhanguera is the second-largest television-production center in Brazil, behindProjac (owned byRede Globo). Over 5,000 employees work around the clock at the SBT's 110 TV stations.In 2008 the network lost second place in the ratings to Record, but tied for second place the following year.In 2009 Liberato moved to Record after more than 20 years with the SBT; at the same time, the SBT signed presenters Roberto Justus and Eliana from Record. It also appeared onSKY Brasil, the last of the five major Brazilian networks to do so.
Recent programs includeWhat's Your Talent, a local combination ofBritain's Got Talent andShow de Calouros (created and hosted bySilvio Santos during the 1970s); a Brazilian version of1 vs. 100; an annual telethon, which raised R$19 million in 2009;Kyle XY; the reality showSolitary;Smallville,Grey's Anatomy andDe Frente with Gabi, a talk show featuring journalist Marilia Gabriela.
TV Alagoas left the network in September 2009 and to broadcast religious programs, and SBT executive director William Stoliar sued to ensure the network's availabilitythere. It returned to the SBT on June 1, 2010, due to viewer pressure and late rent payments by religious programs.
In February 2014 theCommunist Party of Brazil sends to the Federal Government a questioning, for which he cut around 75 million dollars in advertising the broadcaster, because of criticism that the journalist Rachel Sheherazade makes against the Government.[43]
While the network at large suffered from the effects of the COVID pandemic in the country, it found a renewed calling in sports. One after the other, the network pursued new sporting investments when it snagged the broadcasting rights for theCampeonato Carioca 2020 grand final, followed by a renewed commitment to the Copa Liberatores for the 2020–22 period. In 2021, left and right came contracts after contracts for sports broadcasts with SBT getting the nod as broadcaster to the 2021 Copa America, and a number of arena football and futsal events - a first in network history as SBT marked its 40th anniversary. Buoyed by the sporting successes against the competition the network revived its sports newscasts:Arena SBT, which originally premiered in 2014, returned in 2020, followed by the launch the following year ofSBT Sports.
The SBT has most of its schedule dedicated to programming for children and pre-teens, and it is a popular network with young audiences. In 1998 it ran the longest children's programming block in Brazilian TV history withTV Cultura, fromSessão Desenho (a cartoon block) at 7:00 AM (after the morning newscast) until 9:00 PM (when the children'stelenovelaChiquititas ended). The SBT promoted the 14-hour block as "SBT Kids".
While most TV stations in Brazil depend on domestic productions, the SBT relies on imports (mainly from Mexico and the US). Since 1984,El Chavo del Ocho (shown in Brazil asChaves) is one of the station's most popular programs. The network had until 2014 an agreement with Warner Brothers, giving it an exclusivity deal for its sitcoms, dramas and films.
Mexicantelenovelas have been a staple on the SBT, reaching their peak during the early 1990s with the child-orientedCarrusel,La usurpadora,El Privilegio de Amar andLuz Clarita and the popular "María trilogy" (María Mercedes,Marimar andMaría la del Barrio). Compared to subdued Brazilian telenovelas, Mexican soaps are considered tacky and exaggerated.
Other 1990s hits includedDomingo Legal (Cool Sunday) (a Sunday variety show which was the SBT's highest-rated program, surpassingTV Globo), and the network was the most popular channel in Brazil for hours at a stretch.Domingo Legal was criticized for itssensationalism, and its ratings began to fall after thePrimeiro Comando da Capital (PCC) scandal (seebelow); the show often ranks second in the ratings. Other popular programs includedPrograma do Ratinho (Ratinho's Show, with a similar format toThe Jerry Springer Show),Show do Milhão (The Million Show, similar toWho Wants to Be a Millionaire?),Topa Tudo por Dinheiro (Variety show large audience that was aired on Sunday night between 1991 and 2001),Fantasia (Entertainment program where people could play games by phoning the program in order to earn money), and the Brazilian version of the Argentinean soap operaChiquititas, popular with children.
For over 20 years the SBT held second place in the Brazilian television ratings (behindRede Globo), but in February 2007 it was outpaced byRede Record for the first time inSão Paulo. However, after a period of resurgence which started in 2011, SBT successfully overtook Record for second place in June 2014.
Since their 1990s peak in popularity, Mexicantelenovelas have been steadily declining in the ratings; the last popular Mexican soap operas wereCarita de Ángel in the early 2000s andRebelde in 2006. In 2001, SBT began remaking Mexican soaps with Brazilian actors. The first soaps (Picara Sonhadora andMarisol) did fairly well in the ratings; however, later soaps (Cristal,Os Ricos Também Choram andMaria Esperança, a version of the popularMaria Mercedes) were less popular.
In addition to Mexican soaps and their remakes, the channel also airs cartoons mornings and programs such asÍdolos (a Brazilian version ofAmerican Idol which later moved to TV Record), a Brazilian version ofSupernanny, a version ofDeal or No Deal (presented by Silvio Santos, who also presents many network programs), talent shows and a dating show. The network also airs movies andA Praça é Nossa (a long-running, popular comedy program).
(...) O SBT foi a primeira emissora aberta do Brasil a firmar uma parceria com o YouTube, em 2010 (...)
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(in Portuguese)| International | |
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| National | |
