Movatterモバイル変換

[0]ホーム

Jump to content

Terence Lewin

Edit links

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

(Redirected fromSir Terence Lewin)

Royal Navy admiral of the fleet (1920–1999)

Admiral of the Fleet The Right Honourable The Lord Lewin KG, GCB, LVO, DSC
Admiral Sir Terence Lewin
Born	(1920-11-19)19 November 1920 Dover, Kent, England
Died	23 January 1999(1999-01-23) (aged 78) Ufford, Suffolk, England
Allegiance	United Kingdom
Service/ branch	Royal Navy
Years of service	1939–1982
Rank	Admiral of the Fleet
Commands	Chief of the Defence Staff First Sea Lord Naval Home Command Commander-in-Chief Fleet HMS Hermes HMS Tenby HMS Urchin HMS Corunna
Battles / wars	Second World War Falklands War
Awards	Knight Companion of the Order of the Garter Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath Lieutenant of the Royal Victorian Order Distinguished Service Cross Mentioned in Despatches (3)

Admiral of the FleetTerence Thornton Lewin, Baron Lewin (19 November 1920 – 23 January 1999) was aRoyal Navy officer. He served in theSecond World War and then commanded a destroyer, theRoyal yacht, two frigates and an aircraft carrier before achieving higher command. He wasFirst Sea Lord and Chief of the Naval Staff in the late 1970s and in that role he worked hard to secure a decent wage for servicemen and helped win them a 32% pay rise. He went on to beChief of the Defence Staff during theFalklands War, serving as chief war planner and as Prime MinisterMargaret Thatcher's chief advisor during the war. He was also the first Chief of Defence Staff to act as professional head of the Armed Forces rather than just Chairman of the Chiefs of Staff Committee.

Naval career

[edit]

Born the son of Eric Lewin and Maggie Lewin (née Falconer)^[1] and educated atThe Judd School inTonbridge, where he was head prefect in 1938, Lewin joined the Royal Navy as acadet in 1939.^[2] He was initially posted to the training shipHMSVindictive but when theSecond World War broke out in September 1939 he transferred to the cruiserHMS Belfast and then two months later to thebattleship HMS Valiant.^[3]

The destroyerHMS *Ashanti* in which Lewin he took part in the Arctic Convoys during the Second World War

In the Valiant he took part in theNorwegian Campaign in April and May 1940 and then in theattack on the French Fleet at Mers-el-Kébir in July 1940.^[3] He transferred to thedestroyer HMS Highlander in October 1941 and then to the destroyerHMS Ashanti in January 1942.^[3] During a long period of service in the Ashanti he took part in theArctic Convoys, and having been promoted to lieutenant on 1 July 1942, he took part inOperation Pedestal to relieveMalta in August 1942 and then theallied landings in North Africa in November 1942 before returning to the Arctic Convoys again and finally taking part in theallied landings in Normandy in June 1944.^[3] He served with distinction beingmentioned in despatches three times^[4]^[5]^[6] and being awarded theDistinguished Service Cross in 1942 for saving the lives of many fellow servicemen when the destroyerHMS Somali was hit by atorpedo.^[7]^[8]

Lewin attended the gunnery school atHMS Excellent in Spring 1945 and then joined the staff there in May 1945.^[3] He was posted to the cruiserHMS Bellona as gunnery officer in April 1946 and, after attending the advanced gunnery course at theRoyal Naval College, Greenwich, in 1947, he returned to the staff at HMSExcellent in December.^[3] Promoted tolieutenant commander on 1 July 1949,^[9] he became gunnery officer of the First Destroyer Flotilla in theMediterranean Fleet.^[10] He rejoined the staff of HMS Excellent in January 1952 and, having been promoted tocommander on 31 December 1952,^[11] he joined the staff of theSecond Sea Lord at theAdmiralty in December 1953.^[10]

Lewin was given command of the destroyerHMS Corunna in October 1955^[3] before joiningHMYBritannia in April 1957 as the executive officer.^[3] Promoted tocaptain on 30 June 1958,^[12] he went back to the Admiralty as Assistant Director of the Tactical Ship Requirements and Staff Duties Division in November 1958 and then, having been appointed aLieutenant of the Royal Victorian Order in the 1959New Year Honours,^[13] he became Assistant Director of the Tactical and Weapons Policy Division in 1960.^[10] After attending theImperial Defence College in 1961,^[10] he was appointed Captain (F) of the17th Frigate Squadron in December 1961 sailing successively in the frigatesHMS Urchin and thenHMS Tenby.^[10] He went back to the Admiralty again asDirector of Tactical and Weapons Policy in December 1963 and took command of theaircraft carrier HMS Hermes in May 1966.^[10]

Flag rank

[edit]

Lewin was appointed NavalAide-de-Camp tothe Queen on 7 July 1967^[14] and promoted torear admiral on 7 January 1968,^[15] on appointment as Assistant Chief of the Naval Staff (Policy) before becomingFlag Officer Second in Command Far East Fleet in August 1969.^[10] Promoted tovice admiral on 7 October 1970,^[16] he becameVice Chief of the Naval Staff in January 1971.^[17] He was appointedKnight Commander of the Order of the Bath in the 1973New Year Honours.^[18] As VCNS two of his most important projects were the approval of theSea Harrier and the beginning of "group deployments," as the UK's far-flung naval forces had mostly disappeared.^[19] He was promoted to fulladmiral on 1 December 1973,^[20] on appointment asCommander-in-Chief Fleet andNATO Commander-in-Chief, Channel and Commander-in-Chief Eastern Atlantic and becameCommander-in-Chief Naval Home Command in November 1975^[17] before being advanced toKnight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath in the 1976Birthday Honours.^[21]

Supplies being delivered to the destroyerHMS *Bristol* by helicopter during a stopover at Ascension Island on the ship's voyage to take part in the Falklands War

Lewin was appointedFirst Sea Lord and Chief of Naval Staff on 1 March 1977.^[22] In that role he worked hard to secure a decent wage for servicemen and helped win them a 32% pay rise.^[8] Promoted toAdmiral of the Fleet on 6 July 1979,^[23] he went on to beChief of the Defence Staff in September 1979 and served as a member of theWar Cabinet during theFalklands War giving Prime MinisterMargaret Thatcher his resolute support when losses began to be suffered.^[24]

Lewin was the first Chief of Defence Staff to act as professional head of the Armed Forces rather than just Chairman of the Chiefs of Staff Committee.^[25] He was created alife peer, asBaron Lewin, ofGreenwich in Greater London in October 1982^[26] on his retirement.^[25]

Later life

[edit]

In retirement, Lewin became Chairman of the Trustees of theNational Maritime Museum, President of theSociety for Nautical Research, a Liveryman of theSkinners' Company and of theShipwrights' Company and an elder brother ofTrinity House.^[27] His interests included military history: he was an expert on the life ofCaptain Cook.^[8] He was appointed aKnight Companion of the Order of the Garter in April 1983.^[25] He died at his home atUfford in Suffolk on 23 January 1999.^[25]

Family

[edit]

In 1944, Lewin married Jane Branch-Evans; they had two sons and a daughter.^[3]

Coat of Arms

[edit]

Coat of arms of Terence Lewin, Baron Lewin, KG, GCB, LVO, DSC
	Coronet Coronet of a Baron Crest Out of a Naval Crown Azure, a Lion rampant in trian aspect Or, on its head a Baron's Coronet and Cap of Estate proper, brandishing in the dexter paw a Sword proper, Hilt, Knuckle Guard and Pommel in the form of an eagle's head Gold. Escutcheon Quarterly Gules and Azure, three Boars' Heads, two and one, couped Or, tusked Argent, on a Chief barry wavy of four Bleu Celeste and Argent, a Naval Gun circa 1800 proper, mounted on its Carriage Gold. Supporters Dexter: an Able Seaman of Her Majesty's Ship Victory, wearing the South Atlantic Medal proper. Sinister: a Royal Marine, wearing the South Atlantic Medal proper. The whole upon a Compartment comprising a Grassy Mount with Outcrops of Rock proper, and having on each side a Sea Inlet barry wavy Argent and Azure. Motto FLEXIBLE BUT FIRM OF PURPOSE Other elements Order of the Garter circlet bearing the inscriptionHONI SOIT QUI MAL Y PENSE Symbolism The three boar's heads are taken from the arms ofSir Andrew Judde,Lord Mayor of London in 1550/1, as a tribute to theJudd School inTonbridge where Lord Lewin was educated. The red and blue background echoes the arms of an earlier Lewin family. The naval cannon is an appropriate emblem for a naval officer who has seen active service, and it is set against a pattern of blue and white waves for the sea.^[28]

References

[edit]

^Richard Hill (September 2004)."Lewin, Terence Thornton, Baron Lewin (1920–1999)".Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press.doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/71891. Retrieved30 August 2012. (Subscription orUK public library membership required.)(subscription required)
^Heathcote, p. 155
^^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱHeathcote, p. 156
^"No. 35679".The London Gazette. 21 August 1942. p. 3719.
^"No. 36676".The London Gazette (Supplement). 25 August 1944. p. 4010.
^"No. 36794".The London Gazette (Supplement). 10 November 1944. p. 5224.
^"No. 35805".The London Gazette (Supplement). 27 November 1942. p. 5226.
^^a ^b ^c"Obituary: Admiral of the Fleet Lord Lewin".The Independent. 25 January 1999.Archived from the original on 11 August 2022. Retrieved30 August 2012.
^"No. 38681".The London Gazette. 2 August 1949. p. 3760.
^^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^gHeathcote, p. 157
^"No. 39749".The London Gazette. 9 January 1953. p. 220.
^"No. 41450".The London Gazette. 18 July 1958. p. 4514.
^"No. 41589".The London Gazette (Supplement). 30 December 1958. p. 5.
^"No. 44365".The London Gazette (Supplement). 14 July 1967. p. 7881.
^"No. 44405".The London Gazette (Supplement). 8 September 1967. p. 9891.
^"No. 45214".The London Gazette (Supplement). 16 October 1970. p. 11458.
^^a ^bHeathcote, p. 158
^"No. 45860".The London Gazette (Supplement). 29 December 1972. p. 2.
^Hill,Lewin of Greenwich," 2012; Roberts,Safeguarding the Nation," 2009.
^"No. 46138".The London Gazette (Supplement). 26 November 1973. p. 14081.
^"No. 46919".The London Gazette (Supplement). 4 June 1976. p. 8016.
^"No. 47173".The London Gazette (Supplement). 14 March 1977. p. 3571.
^"No. 47904".The London Gazette (Supplement). 16 July 1979. p. 8998.
^Heathcote, p.159; Stephen Prince "British command and control in the Falklands Campaign."Defense & Security Analysis 18.4 (2002): 333–349.
^^a ^b ^c ^dHeathcote, p. 159
^"No. 49176".The London Gazette. 24 November 1982. p. 15347.
^People of Today 1994, Debrett,ISBN 1 870520 19 X
^Chessyre, Hubert (1994–1995)."The Heraldry of the Garter Banners"(PDF).Report of the Society of the Friends of St George's and the Descendants of the Knights of the Garter.VII (6): 254. Retrieved19 January 2022.

Sources

[edit]

Heathcote, Tony (2002).The British Admirals of the Fleet 1734 – 1995. Pen & Sword Ltd.ISBN 0-85052-835-6.
Rear-AdmiralRichard Hill (2000).Lewin of Greenwich. Weidenfeld Military.ISBN 978-0-304-35329-3.
Prince, Stephen. "British command and control in the Falklands Campaign."Defense & Security Analysis 18.4 (2002): 333–349.

Military offices
Preceded by Sir Edward Ashmore	Vice Chief of the Naval Staff 1971–1973	Succeeded by Sir John Treacher
Preceded by Sir Edward Ashmore	Commander-in-Chief Fleet 1973–1975	Succeeded by Sir John Treacher
Preceded by Sir Derek Empson	Commander-in-Chief Naval Home Command 1975–1976	Succeeded by Sir David Williams
Preceded by Sir Edward Ashmore	First Sea Lord 1977–1979	Succeeded by Sir Henry Leach
Preceded by Sir Neil Cameron	Chief of the Defence Staff 1979–1982	Succeeded by Sir Edwin Bramall

v t e Chiefs of the Defence Staff
Sir William Dickson Earl Mountbatten of Burma Sir Richard Hull Sir Charles Elworthy Sir Peter Hill-Norton Sir Michael Carver Sir Andrew Humphrey Sir Edward Ashmore Sir Neil Cameron Sir Terence Lewin Sir Edwin Bramall Sir John Fieldhouse Sir David Craig Sir Richard Vincent Sir Peter Harding Sir Peter Inge Sir Charles Guthrie Sir Michael Boyce Sir Michael Walker Sir Jock Stirrup Sir David Richards Sir Nick Houghton Sir Stuart Peach Sir Nicholas Carter Sir Tony Radakin

Chiefs of the Defence Staff

v t e First Sea Lords of theRoyal Navy
Senior Naval Lords (1689–1771)	Arthur Herbert Sir John Chicheley Edward Russell Henry Priestman Earl of Orford Sir George Rooke Sir John Leake Sir George Byng Sir John Leake Sir George Byng Matthew Aylmer Sir George Byng Sir John Jennings Sir John Norris Sir Charles Wager Lord Archibald Hamilton Lord Harry Powlett Lord Archibald Hamilton Lord Vere Beauclerk Lord Anson Sir William Rowley Edward Boscawen Sir William Rowley Edward Boscawen John Forbes Earl Howe Sir Charles Saunders Augustus Keppel Sir Peircy Brett Sir Francis Holburne
First Naval Lords (1771–1904)	Augustus Hervey Sir Hugh Palliser Robert Man George Darby Sir Robert Harland Sir Hugh Pigot John Leveson-Gower Lord Hood Sir Charles Middleton James Gambier Sir Thomas Troubridge James Gambier John Markham James Gambier Sir Richard Bickerton William Domett Sir Joseph Yorke Sir Graham Moore Sir William Johnstone Hope Sir George Cockburn Sir Thomas Hardy The Hon. George Dundas Charles Adam Sir George Cockburn Sir Charles Adam Sir George Cockburn Sir William Parker Sir Charles Adam Sir James Dundas The Hon. Maurice Berkeley Hyde Parker The Hon. Maurice Berkeley The Hon. Sir Richard Dundas William Martin The Hon. Sir Richard Dundas The Hon. Sir Frederick Grey Sir Alexander Milne Sir Sydney Dacres Sir Alexander Milne Sir Hastings Yelverton Sir George Wellesley Sir Astley Key Sir Arthur Hood Lord John Hay Sir Arthur Hood Sir Richard Hamilton Sir Anthony Hoskins Sir Frederick Richards Lord Walter Kerr
First Sea Lords (1904–present)	Sir John Fisher Sir Arthur Wilson Sir Francis Bridgeman Prince Louis of Battenberg The Lord Fisher Sir Henry Jackson Sir John Jellicoe Sir Rosslyn Wemyss The Earl Beatty Sir Charles Madden, Bt Sir Frederick Field The Lord Chatfield Sir Roger Backhouse Sir Dudley Pound The Lord Cunningham of Hyndhope Sir John Cunningham The Lord Fraser of North Cape Sir Rhoderick McGrigor The Earl Mountbatten of Burma Sir Charles Lambe Sir Caspar John Sir David Luce Sir Varyl Begg Sir Michael Le Fanu Sir Peter Hill-Norton Sir Michael Pollock Sir Edward Ashmore Sir Terence Lewin Sir Henry Leach Sir John Fieldhouse Sir William Staveley Sir Julian Oswald Sir Benjamin Bathurst Sir Jock Slater Sir Michael Boyce Sir Nigel Essenhigh Sir Alan West Sir Jonathon Band Sir Mark Stanhope Sir George Zambellas Sir Philip Jones Sir Antony Radakin Sir Ben Key