Sino-Koreanvocabulary orHanjaeo (Korean: 한자어;Hanja: 漢字語) refers toKorean words ofChinese origin. Sino-Korean vocabulary includes words borrowed directly from Chinese, as well as new Korean words created fromChinese characters, and words borrowed fromSino-Japanese vocabulary. Many of these terms were borrowed during the height ofChinese-language literature on Korean culture. Subsequently, many of these words have also been truncated or altered for the Korean language.

Estimates of the percentage of Sino-Korean ranges from as low as 30%^[1] to as high as 70%.^[2] According to theStandard Korean Language Dictionary published by theNational Institute of Korean Language (NIKL), Sino-Korean represents approximately 57% of the Korean vocabulary.^[3]

The use of Chinese and Chinese characters in Korea dates back to at least 194BCE. While Sino-Korean words were widely used during theThree Kingdoms period, they became even more popular during theSilla period. During this time, male aristocrats changed theirgiven names to Sino-Korean names. Additionally, the government changed all official titles and place names in the country to Sino-Korean.^[4]

Sino-Korean words remained popular during theGoryeo andJoseon periods.^[4] Ultimately, the majority of Sino-Korean words were introduced before 1945, includingSino-Japanese words themselves that were introduced to Korea duringJapanese Occupation.^[5] In the contemporary era, Sino-Korean vocabulary has continued to grow inSouth Korea, where the meanings of Chinese characters are used to produce new words in Korean that do not exist in Chinese. By contrast, North Korean policy has called for many Sino-Korean words to be replaced by native Korean terms.^[6]

Sino-Korean words constitute a large portion of South Korean vocabulary, the remainder being native Korean words andloanwords from other languages, such asJapanese andEnglish to a lesser extent. Sino-Korean words are typically used in formal or literary contexts,^[5] and to express abstract or complex ideas.^[7]

AllKorean surnames and mostKorean given names are Sino-Korean.^[4] Additionally,Korean numerals can be expressed with Sino-Korean and native Korean words, though each set of numerals has different purposes.^[7]

Sino-Korean words may be written either in the Korean alphabet, known asHangul, or in Chinese characters, known asHanja.^[8]

This list isincomplete; you can help byadding missing items.(April 2022)

Sino-Korean words borrowed directly from Chinese come mainly fromChinese classics,literature, andcolloquial Chinese.^[6]

These words below were created in Korea using Chinese characters. They are not used in China, Japan, nor Vietnam.

Sino-Korean words borrowed from Sino-Japanese are used only in Korean and Japanese, not in Chinese.^[6]

The Middle Chinese final consonants were semivowels (orglides) /j/ and /w/, nasals /m/, /n/ and /ŋ/, and stops /p/, /t/ and /k/. Sino-Korean preserves all the distinctions between final nasals and stops. AlthoughOld Korean had a /t/ coda, words with the Middle Chinese coda /t/ have /l/ in Sino-Korean, reflecting a northern variety of Late Middle Chinese in which final /t/ had weakened to /r/.^{[28][29][full citation needed]}

• Chinese influence on Korean culture
• Korean language
• Hanja
• Korean mixed script
• Sino-Japanese vocabulary
• Sino-Vietnamese vocabulary

• Korean language
• Chinese language

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