| Siege of Shkodra Rrethimi i Shkodrës | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |||||||
| Belligerents | |||||||
| Ottoman Empire | Republic of Venice Albanian resistance forces Principality of Zeta | ||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||
| Hadım Suleiman Pasha | Antonio Loredan Ivan Crnojević | ||||||
| Strength | |||||||
| 8,000 | 25,000 | ||||||
| Casualties and losses | |||||||
| 7,000 Ottoman soldiers killed[1] | Unknown number of soldiers and 3,000 civilians from Scutari (primary source) | ||||||
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Thesiege of Shkodra (Albanian:Rrethimi i Shkodrës) of 1474 was anOttoman attack uponVenetian-controlledShkodra (Scutari in Italian) inAlbania Veneta during theFirst Ottoman-Venetian War (1463–79). It is not to be confused with thesiege of Shkodra of 1478–79.
Strong Ottoman forces besieged Shkodra in spring 1474.[2] Mehmed had dispatched the governor ofRumelia,Hadım Suleiman Pasha, with about 8,000 men, but they were repulsed by commanderAntonio Loredan and feared Venetian reinforcements.[3][4] According to some sources, when the Scutari garrison complained for lack of food and water, Loredan told them"If you are hungry, here is my flesh; if you are thirsty, I give you my blood."[5]
TheVenetian Senate ordered all available galleys to transport archers to Shkodra through riverBojana.[citation needed] All Venetian governors were also ordered to help the besieged city.[citation needed] According to Venetian reports in July Shkodra was besieged by 50,000 Ottoman soldiers who were supported by heavy artillery.[citation needed]
At the beginning of 1474 the whole region around Shkodra, including the abandonedBaleč, came underOttoman rule.[citation needed] According to some sources the Ottoman sultan had intentions to rebuildPodgorica and Baleč in 1474 and to settle them with 5,000 Turkish families in order to establish an additional obstacle for cooperation ofCrnojević's Zeta and besiegedVenetian Shkodra.[6][7]
During their 1474 campaign Ottomans damaged Alessio and razedDagnum castle.[8]
Triadan Gritti was appointed as Venetiancaptain general instead ofPietro Mocenigo. Gritti led the Venetian fleet of six galleys which sailed early in May 1474 to protect the coast of Albania Veneta and especially the mouths of river Bojana.[9] When the Venetian fleet entered Bojana the Ottoman forces attempted to block it by clogging the mouth of Bojana with cut tree trunks, just likeAlbanian voivodeMazarek did duringSecond Scutari War. Gritti returned his fleet down the river and destroyed Ottoman forces on 15 June 1474.[10] Despite all of his efforts, Gritti was not able to deliver to Scutari all goods his fleet carried because many of his ships were trapped in the shallow waters of Bojana nearSveti Srđ.[11]
When Gritti joined Mocenigo in Shkodra and they both orderedLeonardo Boldù to findIvan Crnojević and to urge him to mobilize as many of his men as possible to help Venetians during the Siege of Shkodra. Boldù was also ordered to transport Crnojević's cavalry and infantry over theSkadar Lake.[12]Ivan Crnojević had an important role in the defense of the Shkodra because he provided connection with Kotor and supplied the city throughŽabljak orSkadar Lake, fighting simultaneously against strong Ottoman forces.[13] He transported men and woods fromKotor over the hills into Žabljak where he builtfustas which surprised Ottomans at Skadar Lake.[14] During the whole summer Ivan Crnojević participated in military actions. He controlled Skadar Lake with three fustas and 15 smaller ships, which was very important because the Venetian fleet (composed of 34 larger and about 100 smaller ships) was unable to sail further thanSveti Srđ.[15] Boldù was able to reach the besieged city from Žabljak thanks to the ships of Ivan Crnojević.[16] The crew of Venetian ships together withstratioti from Greece joined the defenders in the besieged city and, according to some Venetian reports, their total number reached 25,000.[17]
After the discovery of the treason committed by Andreas Humoj, a member ofHumoj family, during the siege, Gritti sentenced him to death and had him executed by a man fromTuzi.[18]
Between 7,000 and 20,000 Ottoman soldiers are reported to have been killed, and approximately 3,000 civilians from Scutari died of thirst and hunger.[1] In the siege, the outer walls were damaged significantly. The citizens rebuilt the walls in anticipation of a stronger Ottoman attack later. The Ottomans didreturn in 1478 to conquer Shkodra.
Ништа се није могло остварити јер је снажна турска војска с пролећа 1474 притисла Скадар.
Румелијски беглербег Сулејман је почео опсаду са око 8.000 људи.
If you are hungry, here is my flesh; if you are thirsty, I give you my blood.
...очвидно из разлога да спрече везе између Зећана и Албанаца
У близиниушћа покушали су да затворе реку, као што je 1422. годинечинио и деспотов командант Мазарек. Једноставно су насе-кли дрвеће и побацали га у реку да би затворили излаз. Три-јадан Грити није смео дозволити да му непријатељ блокирафлоту у реци
ни Тријадан Грити није могао опседнутом граду дапошаље помоћ којом су били натоварени бродови укотвљенипод Светим Срђом
When the commanders of the fleet — Triadan Gritti and his predecessor as Captain-General, Piero Moccnigo — met in Albania, they commissioned a certain Leonardo Boldù to find one of the lords of the country to the north of Lake Shkoder, John Chcrnojcvich, "a man of great following and authority," and exhort him to gather as many men as possible. They ordered Leonardo to transport these, with his own infantry and cavalry, across the lake to relieve Shkoder,...
У одбрани Скадра важну улогу играо је Иван Црнојевић обезбијеђујући везу с Котором и дотурање помоћи преко Жабљака и Скадарског језера. Морао је да одбија нападе великих турских одреда.
Преко Котора је брдским путевима пребацивао људе и грађу од које би се, кад стигне у Жабљак, изградиле фусте и изненадили Турци на Скадарском језеру.
Иван Црнојевић је господарио Скадарским језером уз помоћ три фусте и 15 мањих бродова. То је било веома значајно, јер велика млетачка флота није могла да се пробија дал.е од Светог Срђа
...su Turci opsjedali Skadar 1474, Leonardo Boldù, Mleča- nin, je na burćima i lađama Ivana Crnojevića iz Zabljaka mogao s vojskom da dođe pod grad.
мада су им се касније прикључили стратиоти из Грчке као и посаде свих бродова, млетачке снаге ни у једном тренутку нису премашиле 25.000 људи, како су Млечани извештавали своје савезнике
Rätselhaft erscheint vor diesem Hintergrund das Schicksal Andreas Humojs: Er beging verrat und wurde von Generalkapitan Triadan Gritti zum tode verurteilt. Das urteil vollstreckte ein Tuzi.
{{cite book}}:External link in|title=Albanians under the Ottoman Empire | |||||||||||
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