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Siege of Bursa

Coordinates:40°11′00″N29°04′00″E / 40.1833°N 29.0667°E /40.1833; 29.0667
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
1317–1326 capture of the Byzantine city of Prusa by the Ottoman Empire
Siege of Bursa
Part of theByzantine–Ottoman wars

Gate of Bursa castle
Date1317 – April 6, 1326[1]
Location
Result
  • Ottoman victory
  • The Ottomans capture Bursa and establish their first capital.
  • Bursa becomes the first official capital of the Ottoman Beylik.
Belligerents
Ottoman EmpireOttoman BeylikByzantine EmpireByzantine Empire
Commanders and leaders
Ottoman EmpireOsman Ghazi #
Ottoman EmpireOrhan Ghazi
Ottoman EmpireKöse Mihal		Byzantine Empire Saroz
Strength
UnknownUnknown

TheSiege of Bursa (Ottoman Turkish:فتحِ بورصه,romanized: Feth-i Bursa) took place from 1317 until the capture ofBursa on 6 April 1326,[1] when theOttoman Turks deployed a bold plan to seize the city, which was back then known asPrusa. The Ottomans had not captured a city before; the lack of expertise and adequatesiege equipment at this stage of the war meant that the city fell only after six or nine years.[2]

The historian,Laonikos Chalkokondyles, notes that the Ottomans took advantage of theByzantine civil war of 1321–1328 to capture the city: "Andronikos decided that he should hold the throne himself, ashis grandfather had already grown old, and so they fell out with each other. He was too stubborn to submit and caused endless trouble. He brought in theSerbs and allied himself with the leading Greeks in his struggle for the throne. As a result they could do nothing to prevent the Turks from crossing over into Europe. It was at this time that Prusa was besieged, starved out, and taken by Osman, and other cities inAsia Minor were also captured."[3]

According to some sourcesOsman I died of natural causes just before the fall of the city,[2] while others suggest that he lived long enough to hear about the victory on his death-bed[1][4][5] and was buried in Bursa afterwards.

Aftermath

[edit]

After the fall of the city, his son and successorOrhan made Bursa the first official Ottoman capital and it remained so until 1366, whenEdirne became the new capital.[2] As a result, Bursa holds a special place in Ottoman history as their founding city, and also as the birthplace ofOttoman architecture (Bursa Grand Mosque (1399),Bayezid I Mosque (1395),Hüdavendigar Mosque (1385), andYeşil Mosque) (1421).[6] During his reign Orhan encouraged urban growth through the construction of buildings such asimarets,Turkish baths,mosques,inns andcaravanserais,[7] and he also built a mosque and amedrese in what is now known as the Hisar district,[8] and after his death was buried there in histürbe (mausoleum) next to his father.[6] TheMoroccan Muslim travelerIbn Battuta who visited Bursa in 1331 was impressed by thesultan and found Bursa an enjoyable city[6] "with finebazaars and wide streets, surrounded on all sides by gardens and running springs."[9]

Importance

[edit]

Paul K. Davis writes, "The capture of Bursa established Osman I and his successors as the major power inAsia Minor, beginning theOttoman Empire."[10]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^abcRogers, Clifford (2010).The Oxford Encyclopaedia of Medieval Warfare and Military Technology. Vol. 1. Oxford University Press. p. 261.ISBN 9780195334036.
  2. ^abcNolan, Cathal J. (2006).The Age of Wars of Religion, 1000–1650: An Encyclopedia of Global Warfare and Civilization. Vol. 1. Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. 100–101.ISBN 9780313337338.
  3. ^Kaldellis, Anthony. (2014).The Histories. Vol. 1. Dumbarton Oaks. p. 25.ISBN 978-0-674-59918-5.
  4. ^Hore, A. H. (2003).Eighteen Centuries of the Orthodox Greek Church. Gorgias Press LLC. p. 455.ISBN 9781593330514.
  5. ^Pitcher, Donald Edgar (1972).An Historical Geography of the Ottoman Empire: From Earliest Times to the End of the Sixteenth Century. Brill Archive. p. 37.
  6. ^abcDumper, Michael R. T.; Stanley, Bruce E. (2007).Cities of the Middle East and North Africa: A Historical Encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO. p. 101.ISBN 9781576079195.
  7. ^Ágoston, Gábor; Masters, Bruce Alan (2009).Encyclopedia of the Ottoman Empire. Infobase Publishing. p. 105.ISBN 9781438110257.
  8. ^Levine, Lynn A. (2010).Frommer's Istanbul (2 ed.). John Wiley & Sons. p. 238.ISBN 9780470915790.
  9. ^Finkel, Caroline (2007).Osman's Dream: The History of the Ottoman Empire. Basic Books. p. 13.ISBN 9780465008506.
  10. ^Paul K. Davis,100 Decisive Battles from Ancient Times to the Present: The World’s Major Battles and How They Shaped History (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999), 151.
Ottoman EmpireMajor sieges involving theOttoman Empire by century
13th-14th
15th
16th
17th
18th
19th
20th
Ottoman defeats shown initalics.

40°11′00″N29°04′00″E / 40.1833°N 29.0667°E /40.1833; 29.0667

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