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| Siberian Tatar | |
|---|---|
| ТатарцаTatartsa[1] | |
| Native to | Russia |
| Region | Omsk,Tyumen,Novosibirsk,Tomsk,Kemerovo,Sverdlovsk,Kurgan Oblasts (regions) |
| Ethnicity | Siberian Tatars |
Native speakers | 150,000[2] |
| Dialects | |
| Cyrillic | |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | sty |
| Glottolog | sibe1250kalm1245 |
.jpg) ProfessorGabdulkhay Akhatov. Map of the Tobol-Irtysh Dialect of the Siberian Tatars, 1965. | |
 Siberian Tatar is classified as Definitely Endangered by theUNESCOAtlas of the World's Languages in Danger. | |
Siberian Tatar (Татарца,Tatartsa) is aTurkic language spoken by about 140,000 people[4] inWestern Siberia,Russia, primarily in the oblasts ofTyumen,Novosibirsk,Omsk,Tomsk andKemerovo Oblasts, but also inSverdlovsk andKurgan Oblasts. According toMarcel Erdal, due to its particular characteristics, Siberian Tatar can be considered as a bridge between Kipchak andSiberian Turkic languages.
Siberian Tatar consists of three dialects:Tobol-Irtysh,Baraba or Tsanakül andTom or Umar-Tom. According to D. G. Tumasheva, the Baraba dialect is grammatically closest to thesouthern dialect of Altai,Kyrgyz and has significant grammatical similarities withChulym,Khakas,Shor, andTuvan. The Tomsk dialect is, in her opinion, even closer to Altai and similar languages. The Tevriz sub-dialect of the Tobol-Irtysh dialect shares significant elements with theSiberian Turkic languages, namely with Altai, Khakas and Shor.
AlthoughGabdulkhay Akhatov was a Volga Tatar, he immersed into studying of the phonetic peculiarities of Siberian Tatar language of theindigenous population of Siberia, the Siberian Tatars. In his work "The Dialect of the West Siberian Tatars" (1963) Akhatov wrote about Tobol-Irtysh Siberian Tatars, a western group of Siberian Tatars, who are indigenous to theOmsk andTyumen Oblasts.
In his work "Dialect of the West Siberian Tatars" (1963)Gabdulkhay Akhatov wrote about a territorial resettlement of the Tobol-Irtysh TatarsTyumen andOmsk areas. Subjecting a comprehensive integrated analysis of the phonetic system, the lexical composition and grammatical structure, the scientist concluded that the language of the Siberian Tatars is a separate language, it is divided into three dialects and it is one of the most ancient Turkic languages.[5] Professor G. Akhatov named Siberian Tatar dialects of Tyumen and Omsk Oblasts dialects of the West Siberian Tatars, while dialects of Baraba and Tom Tatars he named dialects of the East Siberian Tatars.
Some works further differentiate sub-dialects of three aforementioned dialects, breaking them down as follows:[6]
Baraba and Tom dialects of Siberian Tatar language belong to Kyrgyz–Kipchak subdivision of Turkic languages, together with Kyrgyz, Southern Altai, Teleut, and Telengit. Tobol-Irtysh dialect belongs to Kipchak–Nogai subdivision of Turkic languages, which also includes Nogai, Karagash, steppe dialect of Crimean Tatar, Kazakh, Karakalpak, and Kipchak dialects of Uzbek.[6]
| Front | Back | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| unrounded | rounded | unrounded | rounded | |
| Close | и/i/ | ү/y/ | у/u/ | |
| Mid | е/e/ | ө/ø/ | ы/ɤ/ | о/o/ |
| Open | ә/æ/ | а/a/ | ||
| Bilabial | Alveolar | Post- alveolar | Velar | Uvular | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | м/m/ | н/n/ | (ң/ŋ/) | ң/ɴ/ | |
| Plosive | п/p/ | т/t/ | к/k/ | қ/q/ | |
| Fricative | б/β/ | с/s/ | ш/ʃ/ | г/ɣ/ | ғ/ʁ/ |
| Affricate | ц/t͡s/ | ||||
| Trill | р/r/ | ||||
| Approximant | в/w/ | л/l/ | й/j/ |
/ŋ/ can be an allophone of/ɴ/.
Siberian Tatar alphabet and IPA pronunciation:[7]
| Letter | Pronunciation | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| А а | [a] | |
| Ә ә | [æ] | |
| Б б | [b];[β] | |
| В в | [v];[w] | |
| Г г | [ɡ];[ɣ] | |
| Ғ ғ | [ɣ] | |
| Д д | [d] | |
| Е е | [e] | Also [je] in Russian loanwords |
| Ё ё | [jo] | Only in Russian loanwords |
| Ж ж | [ʒ];[ʑ] | |
| З з | [z] | |
| И и | [i] | |
| Й й | [j] | |
| К к | [k] | |
| Қ қ | [q] | |
| Л л | [l] | |
| М м | [m] | |
| Н н | [n] | |
| Ң ң | [ŋ];[ɴ] | |
| О о | [ʊ̞];[o] | |
| Ө ө | [œ] | |
| П п | [p] | |
| Р р | [r] | |
| С с | [s] | |
| Т т | [t] | |
| У у | [u];[w] | Examples of it making the two sounds: ул – [ul]; уақыт – uaqıt [waqıt] |
| Ү ү | [y];[w] | Example of it making the two sounds: күреү – küreü [kyrew] |
| Ф ф | [f] | |
| Х х | [χ] | |
| Ц ц | [t͡s] | |
| Ч ч | [tʃ];[tɕ] | |
| Ш ш | [ʃ];[ɕ] | |
| Щ щ | [ɕɕ] | Only in Russian loanwords |
| Ъ ъ | [-] | Only in Russian loanwords |
| Ы ы | [ɤ];[ɯ] | |
| Ь ь | [ʲ] | Only in Russian loanwords |
| Э э | [e] | Only at the beginning of a word |
| Ю ю | [ju] | Only in Russian loanwords |
| Я я | [ja] | Only in Russian loanwords |
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| Oghur | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Common Turkic |
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| Disputed classification | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Potentially Turkic languages | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Creoles andpidgins | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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