In team sports, ashutout (US) orclean sheet (UK) is a game in which the losing team fails to score. While possible in most major sports, they are highly improbable in some sports, such asbasketball. Shutouts are usually seen as a result of effective defensive play even though a weak opposing offense may be as much to blame. Some sports credit individual players, particularlygoalkeepers andstarting pitchers, with shutouts and keep track of them as statistics; others do not.
Shutouts inAmerican football are uncommon. Keeping an opponent scoreless in American football requires a team's defense to be able to consistently shut down both pass and run offenses over the course of a game. The difficulty of completing a shutout is compounded by the many ways a team can score in the game. For example, teams can attempt field goals, which have a high rate of success. The range of NFL caliber kickers makes it possible for a team with a weak offense to get close enough to the goalposts (within "field goal range") to kick a field goal. Of 2,544 regular season NFL games from 2000 to 2009, 89 (3.5%) were shutouts.
There are at least five instances in American football in which a team had been shut out throughout an entire season, and four in which a team has shut out all of their opponents in the season (the longest of these being the ten-gameperfect season in which the 1933Providence Huskies did not concede a single point).[1]
In college football, the Tennessee Volunteers hold the record for most consecutive shutout wins with 17. The streak started against Tennessee-Chattanooga on November 30, 1938 and ended with a 27–12 loss against Alabama on October 19, 1940.[2]
The achievement of a shutout is much more difficult inCanadian football, where scoring and offensive movement is generally more frequent and asingle point can be scored by kicking the ball into theend zone such that the other team does not, or cannot, return it or kick it out of the end zone.
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Inassociation football and other sports with agoalkeeper, the goalkeeper may be said to "keep aclean sheet" if they prevent their opponents from scoring during an entire match. Because football is a relatively low-scoring game, it is common for one team, or even both teams, to score no goals.[3] A theory as to the term's origin is that sports reporters used separate pieces of paper to record the different statistical details of a game. If one team did not allow a goal, then that team's "details of goals conceded" page would appear blank, leaving a clean sheet. If a game ends with a final score of 0–0, both sides are considered to have kept a clean sheet.[4][5]
InMajor League Baseball, a shutout (denoted statistically asShO orSHO[6]) refers to the act by which a singlepitcher pitches acomplete game and does not allow the opposing team to score arun. If two or more pitchers combine to complete this act, no pitcher will be awarded a shutout, although the team itself can be said to have "shut out" the opposing team. The only exception to this is when a pitcher enters a game before the opposing team scores a run or makes an out and then completes the game without allowing a run to score. That pitcher is then awarded a shutout, although not a complete game.
The all-time career leader in shutouts isWalter Johnson, who pitched for theWashington Senators from 1907 to 1927. He accumulated 110 shutouts,[7] which is 20 more than second placedGrover Cleveland Alexander.[8] The most shutouts recorded in one season was 16, which was a feat accomplished by both Grover Alexander (1916) andGeorge Bradley (1876).[9] These records are considered among the most secure records in baseball, as pitchers today rarely earn more than one or two shutouts per season with a heavy emphasis onpitch count andrelief pitching. Complete games themselves have also become rare amongstarting pitchers. As of 2021, the current active leader in shutouts isClayton Kershaw of theLos Angeles Dodgers, whose 15 shutouts ties him for 463rd all time. Only four pitchers whose entire careers were in the post-1920live-ball era threw as many as 60 career shutouts, withWarren Spahn leading those pitchers with 63.[10]
Inice hockey, a shutout (SO) is credited to agoaltender who successfully stops the other team from scoring during the entire game. In regular season games, if the score is 0–0 with the game going to a penalty shootout, both goaltenders are credited with a shutout.[11] The record holder for most regular-season career shutouts in theNational Hockey League (NHL) isMartin Brodeur with 125 (see theall-time regular season shutout leaders). For a single NHL season, the most shutouts recorded by a goaltender is 22, byGeorge Hainsworth during the 1928–29 season. The modern-day record for a team being shut out in a season is held by theColumbus Blue Jackets at 16, during the2006–07 season.
In the event that a shutout is accomplished by a team using more than one goaltender in the game, the shutout is credited to the team, and no goaltender is awarded a shutout. This has happened several times in NHL history:
Clean sheets are not common in eitherrugby union orleague, since it is relatively simple to score a penalty kick. The 2005 GilletteRugby League Tri-Nations final was the first time thatAustralia had been "nilled" since 1981.[citation needed] There is no alternative term for the occurrence of a team failing to score, except to say that the team scored "nil" (or "zero" or "nothing" in North America). For example, the December 2006Celtic League match betweenMunster andConnacht ended 13–0 to Munster;[17] it was, therefore, said that Munster won "thirteen–nil."
Recent examples of clean sheets in international rugby union include England vs Scotland in2014, France vs Italy in2015, France vs Argentina in2016, Scotland vs Italy in2017, New Zealand vs South Africa in2017, New Zealand vs Australia in2019, and Wales vs Italy in2020.
Generally, a team that is well-disciplined defensively, as well as behaviorally (not giving away penalty kicks), is most likely to not concede scores. This may also occur if there is a significant difference in class between the two teams, for example, whenScotland beatSpain (who were playing in their only Rugby World Cup) 48–0 in the1999 Rugby World Cup,[18] or when Australia beatNamibia 142–0 in the2003 Rugby World Cup.[19]
