Shunde 顺德区 Shuntak; Shunte | |
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.jpg) Ronggui Subdistrict in Shunde | |
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| Coordinates:22°50′11″N113°15′09″E / 22.83639°N 113.25250°E /22.83639; 113.25250 | |
| Country | China |
| Province | Guangdong |
| Prefecture-level city | Foshan |
| Area | |
• Total | 806 km2 (311 sq mi) |
| [1] | |
| Population (2020)[1] | |
• Total | 3,229,090 |
| • Density | 4,010/km2 (10,400/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+8 (China Standard) |
| Postal code | 528300 |
| Website | (in Chinese)www |
| Shunde, Guangdong | |||||||||||||||
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| Simplified Chinese | 顺德区 | ||||||||||||||
| Traditional Chinese | 順德區 | ||||||||||||||
| Jyutping | seon6 dak1 keoi1 | ||||||||||||||
| CantoneseYale | Seuhndāk Kēui | ||||||||||||||
| Hanyu Pinyin | Shùndé Qū | ||||||||||||||
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| Alternative Chinese name | |||||||||||||||
| Simplified Chinese | 顺德 | ||||||||||||||
| Traditional Chinese | 順德 | ||||||||||||||
| Jyutping | seon6 dak1 | ||||||||||||||
| CantoneseYale | Seuhndāk | ||||||||||||||
| Hanyu Pinyin | Shùndé | ||||||||||||||
| Postal | Shuntak | ||||||||||||||
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Shunde orShun Tak (fromCantonese) is adistrict in the city ofFoshan,Guangdong, located in thePearl River Delta ofChina. It had a population of 2,464,784 as of the 2010 census.[2] Once a traditional agricultural county, it has become one of the most affluent counties in Guangdong and mainland China. Since 2009, Shunde has been administered independently of Foshan city. It is directly accountable to the Guangdong provincial government.
According to archaeological discoveries, human settlements appeared during theSpring and Autumn period. In the third year of Jinghai era (1452 AD), after the Ming dynasty suppressed the rebellion led by Huang Xiao Yang (黃蕭養), Shunde county was formally established. Before that, this area was part of Nam Hoi county (Nanhai Xian) and Sun Hui county (Xinhui Xian).
The people ofDaliang subdistrict of Shunde have a long history of consuming water buffalo cheese and milk products (particularlydouble skin milk dessert), which is why the township had begun promoting itself as the "Township of Milk and Honey".[3]
Shunde was a center for the development of the mulberry andsericulture industry in Guangdong province during the late Ming dynasty and early Qing dynasty. It was at this time that theComb Sister culture emerged from Shunde in opposition to the strict patriarchal feudal system, allowing unmarried women to live financially independent with the social pressure of marriage lifted. After the fall of the Qing dynasty in 1911, the feudal system and the silk production industry collapsed, ending the local Comb Sister custom.
The first outbreak of the2002–2004 SARS outbreak was recorded in Shunde on 16 November 2002.[4]
Shunde was acounty-level city until 8 December 2002, when it became adistrict ofFoshanprefecture-level city.[5] Shunde has directjurisdiction over foursubdistricts and sixtowns:
| Name | Chinese (S) | Hanyu Pinyin | Population (2010)[6] | Area (km2) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Daliang Subdistrict | 大良街道 | Dàliáng Jiēdào | 404,309 | 80.19 |
| Ronggui Subdistrict | 容桂街道 | Róngguì Jiēdào | 449,687 | 80.17 |
| Leliu Subdistrict | 勒流街道 | Lēiliú Jiēdào | 252,364 | 90.84 |
| Lunjiao Subdistrict | 伦教街道 | Lúnjiào Jiēdào | 184,479 | 59.21 |
| Beijiao town | 北滘镇 | Běijiào Zhèn | 270,310 | 92.41 |
| Lecong town | 乐从镇 | Lècóng Zhèn | 259,795 | 77.55 |
| Jun'an town | 均安镇 | Jūn'ān Zhèn | 141,736 | 79.36 |
| Xingtan town | 杏坛镇 | Xìngtán Zhèn | 144,537 | 122.07 |
| Chencun town | 陈村镇 | Chéncūn Zhèn | 135,686 | 50.92 |
| Longjiang town | 龙江镇 | Lóngjiāng Zhèn | 221,881 | 73.78 |
Unique as a district of any prefecture-level city in China, Shunde has been granted a degree of prefecture-level administrative autonomy over certain matters, notably economic development, independent of Foshan city, and has been answerable directly to the Guangdong Provincial government since 2009.[5]
| Climate data for Shunde, elevation 21 m (69 ft), (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1981–2023) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 29.3 (84.7) | 30.6 (87.1) | 32.0 (89.6) | 34.1 (93.4) | 39.5 (103.1) | 37.9 (100.2) | 38.7 (101.7) | 39.2 (102.6) | 37.2 (99.0) | 36.3 (97.3) | 33.2 (91.8) | 30 (86) | 39.5 (103.1) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 18.7 (65.7) | 20.2 (68.4) | 22.7 (72.9) | 27.0 (80.6) | 30.6 (87.1) | 32.5 (90.5) | 33.8 (92.8) | 33.5 (92.3) | 32.3 (90.1) | 29.4 (84.9) | 25.3 (77.5) | 20.6 (69.1) | 27.2 (81.0) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 14.8 (58.6) | 16.3 (61.3) | 19.0 (66.2) | 23.2 (73.8) | 26.6 (79.9) | 28.5 (83.3) | 29.5 (85.1) | 29.3 (84.7) | 28.3 (82.9) | 25.6 (78.1) | 21.3 (70.3) | 16.6 (61.9) | 23.3 (73.8) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 12.1 (53.8) | 13.7 (56.7) | 16.5 (61.7) | 20.6 (69.1) | 23.9 (75.0) | 25.9 (78.6) | 26.6 (79.9) | 26.5 (79.7) | 25.5 (77.9) | 22.8 (73.0) | 18.5 (65.3) | 13.8 (56.8) | 20.5 (69.0) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 2.8 (37.0) | 2.7 (36.9) | 6.1 (43.0) | 8.6 (47.5) | 16.1 (61.0) | 17.8 (64.0) | 22.1 (71.8) | 21.6 (70.9) | 16.5 (61.7) | 13.4 (56.1) | 7.1 (44.8) | 1.6 (34.9) | 1.6 (34.9) |
| Averageprecipitation mm (inches) | 48.8 (1.92) | 51.0 (2.01) | 83.7 (3.30) | 174.0 (6.85) | 279.4 (11.00) | 312.8 (12.31) | 220.7 (8.69) | 259.6 (10.22) | 197.1 (7.76) | 72.7 (2.86) | 36.4 (1.43) | 36.4 (1.43) | 1,772.6 (69.78) |
| Average precipitation days(≥ 0.1 mm) | 7.0 | 9.5 | 13.7 | 14.4 | 17.1 | 18.3 | 16.3 | 16.2 | 12.1 | 5.7 | 5.3 | 5.4 | 141 |
| Averagerelative humidity (%) | 70 | 75 | 79 | 80 | 80 | 81 | 78 | 78 | 74 | 66 | 66 | 63 | 74 |
| Mean monthlysunshine hours | 117.2 | 89.4 | 73.0 | 87.5 | 128.9 | 153.8 | 208.4 | 192.1 | 179.2 | 191.3 | 164.0 | 154.5 | 1,739.3 |
| Percentagepossible sunshine | 35 | 28 | 20 | 23 | 31 | 38 | 51 | 48 | 49 | 54 | 50 | 47 | 40 |
| Source:China Meteorological Administration[7][8] | |||||||||||||
Situated in the fertilePearl River Delta, its economy was once dominated by agriculture, fisheries andsilk farming. Since the implementation of policies related to reform and openness began in 1978, the people of this area were given full control over their geographical position and culture. This has allowed Shunde to gradually develop into a modern industrialboomtown, especially the manufacturing of furniture andelectric appliances.[9] Major mainland Chinese product brands are headquartered in Shunde with major production facilities. Recently a new technology industrial park has also been opened in this area, featuring car manufacturers such asToyota.[citation needed]
Major Chinese companies such asGalanz,[10]Kelon,Country Garden[11] andMidea, has its headquarters in Shunde District.
Shunde was approved as apilot city for the comprehensive reform of Guangdong in 1993,[5] and also for taking the lead in accomplishing modernization in 1999. From 2000 to 2003, Shunde was ranked first among China's top 100 counties for Basic Economic Competitiveness for four consecutive years (released byNational Bureau of Statistics of China). In 2005, Shunde's GDP was 2,170 billion yuan.[12]
Today, this area has become one of the most affluent counties inGuangdong and mainland China (according to official information from theChinese government and theUnited Nations).[citation needed] TheGDP reached 127.5 billion yuan in 2007, an annual increase of 18%, and GDP per capita reached 107,991 yuan (ca. US$14,200).
Tourist attractions include theQinghui Garden, which features fish ponds surrounded byosmanthus,bamboo andmulberry bushes,[13] as well as theBruce Lee Memorial Museum located inJun'an.Shunfengshan Park was opened to the public in 2004 and has a memorial archway which is 88 metres (289 ft) wide and 38 metres (125 ft) high. Baolin Temple is accessible through the park.[14]
Travelling from Shunde is easy with many different options. There are ferries and buses that go directly toHong Kong, including an option toHong Kong International Airport. Bus tickets can be purchased at the New World Centre Hotel.Macau is easily accessible by train, taking less than an hour. Guangzhou is accessible by train, taxi or bus.[15]
China's southern city of Shunde joined theUNESCOCreative Cities Network as the city ofgastronomy on Monday. Another 27 cities from 19 countries were also added to the list.
Shunde has long been widely regarded as the basis for exquisiteCantonese cuisine and the cradle of Cantonese cuisine chefs. While the cuisine of Guangzhou has been historically very minimalist in terms of flavorings, food from Shunde is known for its liberal use of ingredients such as sun dried tangerine peel and dates, resulting in simple but powerful flavors.
Launched in 2004, the UNESCO Creative Cities Network is celebrating its 10th anniversary this year. The network aims to foster international cooperation between cities committed to investing in creativity as a driver for sustainable urban development, social inclusion and enhanced cultural influence in the world.
By joining the network, cities commit to collaborate and develop partnerships with a view to promoting creativity and cultural industries, to share best practices, to strengthen participation in cultural life and to integrate culture in economic and social development plans.
The network covers seven thematic areas: craft and folk arts, design, film, gastronomy, Literature, media arts and music. It aims to promote international cooperation and encourage the sharing of experiences and resources to promote local development through culture and creativity.[1]
With these new designations, the number of UNESCO Creative Cities Network members now totals 69.
Martial artistBruce Lee's ancestral roots are traced to Gwan'on (Jun'an) in Seundak (Shunde). A street in thevillage is named after the actor, and his ancestral home is open to the public.
Other notable figures who are natives or trace their ancestry to Shunde include:
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)Headquarters Address: Country Garden Center，1 Country Garden Road，Beijiao Town, Shunde District, Foshan, Guangdong 528312 PRC
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