Shravanabelagola | |
|---|---|
Town | |
 TheGommateshwara statue dated 978-993 onVindhyagiri Hill | |
  Shravanabelagola Shravanabelagola Show map of India Shravanabelagola Shravanabelagola (Karnataka) Show map of Karnataka | |
| Coordinates:12°51′32″N76°29′20″E / 12.859°N 76.489°E /12.859; 76.489 | |
| Country | India |
| State | Karnataka |
| District | Hassan |
| Area | |
• Total | 7.60 km2 (2.93 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 871 m (2,858 ft) |
| Population (2011) | |
• Total | 6,485[1] |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
Shravanabelagola (pronunciation:[ɕɾɐ.ʋɐˈɳɐbɛ.ɭɐ.go.ɭɐ]) is a town located nearChannarayapatna ofHassan district in the Indian state ofKarnataka and is 144 km (89 mi) fromBengaluru. TheGommateshwara Bahubali statue at Shravanabelagola is one of the most importanttirthas (pilgrimage destinations) inJainism, one that reached a peak in architectural and sculptural activity under the patronage ofWestern Ganga dynasty ofTalakad.Chandragupta Maurya is said to have died on the hill ofChandragiri, which is located in Shravanabelagola, in 298 BCE after he became aJain monk and assumed an ascetic life style.[2]
Gommateshwara statue,Akkana Basadi,Chandragupta basadi,Chamundaraya Basadi,Parshvanath Basadi and inscriptions of Shravanabelagola group of monuments are listed asAdarsh Smarak Monument byArchaeological Survey of India.[3]
Shravanabelagola is located at 11 km (6.8 mi) to the south-east ofChannarayapatna in the Channarayapatna taluk ofHassan district ofKarnataka. It is at a distance of 51 km (32 mi) south-east ofHassan, Karnataka, the district centre. It is situated at a distance of 12 km (7.5 mi) to the south from theBengaluru-Mangaluru road (NH-75), 18 km (11 mi) fromHirisave, 78 km (48 mi) fromHalebidu, 89 km (55 mi) fromBelur, 83 km (52 mi) fromMysuru, 144 km (89 mi) fromBengaluru, the capital of Karnataka and 222 km (138 mi) fromMangaluru.
Sacred places are spread over two hills,Chandragiri andVindyagiri, and also among the villages at the foothills.[4]
Shravanabelagola "White Pond of theShravana" is named with reference to the colossal image of Gommaṭa - the prefixŚravaṇa serves to distinguish it from other Belagolas with the prefixes Hale- and Kodi-, whileBeḷagoḷa "white pond" is an allusion to the pond in the middle of the town.[5][4] TheSanskrit equivalentsŚvetasarovara,Dhavalasarovara andDhavalasarasa used in the inscriptions that support this meaning.[6] There are more than 560 inscriptions in Shravabelagola.[3]
Some inscriptions mention the name of the place as Beḷgoḷa, which has given rise to another derivation from the plantSolanum ferox (hairy-fruited eggplant). This derivation is in allusion to a tradition which says that a pious old woman completely anointed the colossal image with the milk brought by her in agullakayi or eggplant. The place is also designated asDevara Beḷgoḷa "White Pond of the God" andGommaṭapuram "city of Gommaṭa" in some epigraphs.[6]
Shravanabelagola has two hills,Chandragiri andVindhyagiri.AcharyaBhadrabahu and his pupilChandragupta Maurya are believed to have meditated there.[7][8] Chandragupta Basadi, which was dedicated to Chandragupta Maurya, was originally built there byAshoka in the third century BCE.[9] Chandragiri also has memorials to numerous monks andŚrāvakas who have meditated there since the fifth century CE, including the last king of theRashtrakuta dynasty ofManyakheta. Chandragiri also has a famous temple built byChavundaraya.[10]
The 58-feet tall monolithic statue of Gommateshwara is located on Vindyagiri.[11][12] It is considered to be the world's largest monolithic statue. The base of the statue has an inscriptions inPrakrit, dating from 981 CE. The inscription praises the king who funded the effort and his general, Chavundaraya, who erected the statue for his mother.[11] Every twelve years, thousands of devotees congregate here to perform theMahamastakabhisheka, a spectacular ceremony in which the statue is anointed with Water, Turmeric, Rice flour, Sugar cane juice, Sandalwood paste, saffron, and gold and silver flowers.[13][14] Recently Mahamastakabhisheka was held in 2018 during feb month. The nextMahamastakabhisheka will be held in 2030.[15]
Shravanabelagola, nestled by the Vindhyagiri and Chandragiri Hills, protected by the monolith BhagwanBahubali, and home to over 2,300 years of Jain heritage, is a veritable picture postcard of our history and heritage spanning the centuries.[10] In the town of Shravanabelagola, stands a colossal rock-cut statue of Gommateshwara Shri Bahubali. About eight hundred odd inscriptions which theKarnataka Archeological Department has collected at the place are mostly Jaina and cover a very extended period from 600 to 1830 CE. Some refer even to the remote time of Chandragupta Maurya and also relate the story of the first settlement of Jains at Shravanabelagola.[16] That this village was an acknowledged seat of learning is proved from the fact that a priest from here named Akalanka was in 788 CE summoned to the court of Himasitala at Kanchi where having confuted the Buddhists in public disputation, he was instrumental in gaining their expulsion from the South of India to Ceylon.[17][18]
More than 800 inscriptions have been found at Shravanabelagola, dating to various times from 600 CE to 1830 CE. A large number of these are found in the Chandragiri and the rest can be seen in the Vindhyagiri Hill and the town. Most of the inscriptions at the Chandragiri date back before the 10th century. These inscriptions include texts in the Kannada. The second volume ofEpigraphia Carnatica, written byB. Lewis Rice, is dedicated to the inscriptions found here. It is said to be the oldest Marathi inscription. The inscriptions are written inPurvahalagannada (Ancient Kannada) andHalegannada (Old Kannada) characters. Some of these inscriptions mention the rise and growth in power of theWestern Ganga Dynasty, the Rashtrakutas, theHoysala Empire, theVijayanagara Empire and the Udaiyaar dynasty. These inscriptions have helped modern scholars to understand the nature and development of the Kannada language and its literature.[19]
Tyagada Brahmadeva Pillar is a decorated freestanding pillar (lit,Stambha), 2.3 m (7.5 ft) tall, commissioned byChamundaraya.[20] The pillar dates to around 983 CE and exists on the Vindyagiri hill (calledDodda Betta in local Kannada language.[21] On the base of the pillar, on the north side, is an inscription in oldKannada language of the same period.[22]
The Sasana Basadi, Savitagandharva Basadi, Terina Basadi and Santiswara Basadi are other important temples on the Chandragiri hill.[28]
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TheMahamastakabhisheka (Grand Consecration/The Great Indian Festival), refers to theabhiṣheka (anointment) of theJain images when held on a large scale. The most famous of such consecrations is the anointment of theBahubaliGommateshwara Statue located at Shravanabelagola. It is an important Jain festival held once in every 12 years.[32][33] It is an integral part of the ancient and composite Jain tradition. The festival is held in veneration of a 17.3736 metres (57.000 ft) high monolithic statue of the Siddha Bahubali. The anointing last took place in February 2018, and the next ceremony is going to take place in 2030.[34] During this festival, the statue is then bathed and anointed with libations such as milk, sugarcane juice, andsaffron paste, and sprinkled with powders ofsandalwood,turmeric, andvermilion.[35]
The event has been attended by multiple political personalities includingKrishna-Rajendra Wodeyar in 1910,Jawaharlal Nehru in 1951,Indira Gandhi in 1967 and 1981,A. P. J. Abdul Kalam in 2006, andNarendra Modi andRamnath Kovind in 2018.[36][37][38]
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Shravanabelagola is the seat of the ancientBhattarakaMatha,[39] belonging to theDesiya Gana lineage ofMula Sangh, from theDigambaramonastic tradition.[40]Bahubali College of Engineering is an educational institute at Shravaṇabeḷagoḷa.[41]
Shravanabelagola is also part of the route followed by the luxury tourist train, theGolden Chariot.[42]
The government of Karnataka showcased the statue of Gometashwara at theRepublic Day Parade of 2005 where it received the first prize from the then President of India HonourableDr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam.[43]
On August 5, 2007, the statue at Shravanabelagola was voted by the readers ofTimes of India as the first of the Seven Wonders of India with 49% votes in favor of the statue.[44]
Archaeological Survey of India has listed the group of monuments in Shravanabelagola asAdarsh Smarak Monument.[45]
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Shravanabelagola travel guide from WikivoyageSee also :Jain temples in North America | |
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