Shipley
Shipley Town Hall Salt’s Mill View of Shipley The Canal Market Square
Shipley Location withinWest Yorkshire
Population	15,483 (ward. 2011)
OS grid reference	SE 146 375
Civil parish	Shipley
Metropolitan borough	City of Bradford
Metropolitan county	West Yorkshire
Region	Yorkshire and the Humber
Country	England
Sovereign state	United Kingdom
Post town	Shipley
Postcode district	BD17-18
Dialling code	01274
Police	West Yorkshire
Fire	West Yorkshire
Ambulance	Yorkshire
UK Parliament	Shipley
Councillors	Anna Watson (Green Party) Kevin Warnes (Green Party) Martin Love (Green Party)
List of places UK England Yorkshire 53°49′59″N1°46′37″W / 53.833°N 1.777°W /53.833; -1.777

Shipley is a historic market town andcivil parish^[1] in theCity of Bradford,West Yorkshire, England.

Located on theRiver Aire and theLeeds and Liverpool Canal, Shipley is directly north of the city ofBradford. The population of Shipley at the 2011 Census was 15,483.^[2]

Until 1974, Shipley was anurban district in theWest Riding of Yorkshire. The town forms a continuous urban area with Bradford.

Theplace-nameShipley derives from two words: theOld Englishscīp ('sheep', aNorthumbrian dialect form, contrasting with theAnglian dialect formscēp which underlies modern Englishsheep)^[3] andlēah meaning either 'a forest, wood, glade, clearing' or, later, 'a pasture, meadow'.^[4] It has therefore been variously defined as 'forest clearing used for sheep'^[5] or 'sheep field'.^[6]

Shipley appears to have first been settled in the lateBronze Age^[5] and is mentioned in theDomesday Book of 1086, in the formScipelei(a).^[3]

Its early history relies on the records of a succession ofLords of the Manor, not all of whom were in permanent residence. The rolls of themanor court have been missing since the 18th century,^[7] leaving the records incomplete. In the 12th century, 'Adam, son of Peter', an early Lord of the Manor, grantedgrazing andiron ore mining rights to the monks ofRievaulx Abbey.^[7] Through theMiddle Ages the Lords were the 'Earls of Ormande' (sic), possibly the IrishEarls of Ormond, followed by theGascoigne family. In 1495, Rosamund Gascoigne, a daughter of one of the William Gascoignes who held the title, married Robert Rawson, thought to be related to the Rawson family ofBradford, after whom one of the city's markets is named. Their son, William, married a cousin, Agnes Gascoigne, and through the marriage the Rawson family inherited the manor in 1570.^[8]

The Rawsons lived at Over Hall known as the Manor House, on the site of the currenttown hall. The manor estates extended to Northcliff,^[9] to the south of Shipley. The family had interests inHalifax and moved there in the early 18th century, retaining their Shipley estates until the last male heir died in 1745.^[10]

By the 19th century the Rawson estates and those of the Fields, another prominent land-owning family, had become the property of theEarl of Rosse^[11] who had extensive holdings inHeaton. His legacy has endured in the name of a public house on the main Bradford to Keighley road, and Rossefield School in Heaton. Of the lower orders at this time not much is known, but there was relief housing offered at the town's expense near Crowghyll.^[12]

Shipley was shaped largely by theIndustrial Revolution and, in particular, the growth of thetextile industry. Textile manufacture dates from pre-industrial times. As the place name indicates, Shipley had a history as sheep grazing land, so wool was plentiful, and the River Aire was a ready source of water for powering water mills and cleaning processes. There was afulling mill in Shipley by 1500 and two more by 1559.^[13] Another mill was built by the Dixon family on the banks of the Aire in 1635. New Mill on the far side of Hirst Wood was built in the 1740s and by the late 18th century between 9,000 and 10,000 pieces of broadcloth were being fulled annually at Shipley's mills.^[14] Much work was undertaken in workers' cottages which had 'loom shops' for spinning yarn. Home workshops were once a common sight along the River Aire and often had external flights of steps. Examples can be seen in the cottages at Jane Hills along the canal inSaltaire.^[15]

The industrial era endedcottage industry. Providence Mill, one of the first steam-driven mills was built for Denby Bros. in 1796.^[16] Other spinning mills followed, including Ashley Mill, Prospect Mill, Red Beck Mill on Heaton Beck (c. 1815), Well Croft Mill (c. 1840s) and Whiting Mill on Briggate.^[17]

The smaller mills gave way to larger premises which could combine all the processes ofworsted production on one site. The first was Joseph Hargreaves' Airedale Mills (demolished 1970s),Salts Mill (built in 1853, now a gallery and restaurant complex), an enlarged Well Croft Mill (demolished 1950s) and Victoria Mills, near the canal.^[18] Hargreaves employed 1,250, Salt initially 2,500, and by 1876 total employment in the mills was 6,900.^[18]

The growth in textile production stimulated the growth of associated supply industries. Other local employers includedloom makers, Lee and Crabtree, WP Butterfield's galvanised containers and J. Parkinson and Sons machine tool makers.^[19]

The other major effect of industrialisation was the vast expansion in housing stock.Titus Salt'sSaltaire is an example of amodel village, and Hargreaves had cottages built for his workers around the town centre and his mill. He built 92back-to-back houses along Market Street and Central Avenue in an area which came to be calledHargreaves Square orThe Square. The houses were built by filling in the old courtyards.^[20] The population of the township grew from 1,214 in 1822^[21] to just over 3,000 in 1851 to 10,000 by 1869.^[22]

It was then the landowning families—the Rosses, the Crompton-Stansfields and the Wainmans—took advantage of the demand for housing by selling their less productive land on Low Moor and High Moor. Houses for the better off were built in Sunny Bank and Hall Royd in the 1840s, 1850s and 1860s.^[23] Kirkgate was lined with villas from the 1860s, some of which still stand. Middle-class houses were built in the Nab Wood and Moorhead districts In 1870 a tranche of land in Moorhead was sold by the Countess of Rosse to build five streets of terraces. The public house on Saltaire roundabout that bears her name dates from that time.^[24]

The decline of the textile industry saw the demolition of many mills, only Salts Mill and Victoria Mills remain and have been converted to other uses.

Of more concern in the immediatepost-war period was the deteriorating housing stock. In the 1950s, the back-to-backs of Hargreaves Square were condemned as slums and the site redeveloped. The redevelopment removed several historic buildings – Shipley Old Hall (1593), at the junction of Kirkgate and Manor Lane^[25] and of which a few fragments of roof drainage and a roof truss survive in Crowgill Park (formerly Crowghyll Park),^[26] Shipley Hall (1734), which stood at the junction of Market Street and Otley Road became the headquarters of WindhillCooperative Society^[25] and possibly Hudson Fold House (1629).^[27] Of the majorVictorian town centre buildings, only the Old Bradford Bank (now Barclays) and Sun Hotel remain.^[28] The slums were replaced with low-rise modern retail outlets, a central square serves as an outdoor market and an underground indoor market is situated beneath a tall,brutalist market hall tower which is a visible landmark for many miles around. Until recently the tower had a 'man' striking a bell to mark the hours.^[29]

A second phase of clearance in 1978 saw the construction of a library, swimming pool and health centre, with Asda added in 1985. Croft House (1729), a stone built farmhouse which was converted to a school and then subsequently used as theLabour Party headquarters, was a casualty of this development. By 1970 2,900 slum houses had been demolished.^[30]

The Otley and Leeds Roads were widened in the early 1970s, at the expense of the Fox and Hounds Hotel after which Shipley's main road junction, Fox Corner, was named.^[16]

Shipley is located at an important crossing of theRiver Aire, where the route fromOtley toBradford crosses the route fromSkipton toLeeds. It is sheltered by the millstone crags ofWrose andWindhill to the east, and to the north byBaildon andHawksworth Moors.^[31]

Early development in Shipley was centred on thecrossroads, locally known today asFox Corner after the former Fox and Houndspub that stood there.^{[32][33][page needed]} Here, as today, the route fromOtley toBradford crossed the route fromSkipton toLeeds at an important crossing of theRiver Aire.^{[33][page needed]} The present Kirkgate and Manor Lane (then known as Sower Lane) were probably no more than tracks.^[7]

Inmedieval times, Shipley consisted of the settlement around the crossroads, and theunenclosed fields at Shipley Fields and the Hirst which were collectively farmed. Beyond these lay the Low Moor, which ran from the Crowghyll to the former Saltaire roundabout (now a junction on the Bradford to Keighley road), in the approximate area of modern day Wycliffe,^[31] and thewasteland of High Moor (from Saltaire roundabout, through Moorhead, as far as New Brighton and Noon Nick).^[31] These areas were steep, rocky land, unsuitable for farming.^[34] By 1600 at the latest, the open fields had been enclosed and given way to individual farms.^[35] The town was bounded to the north by theRiver Aire, to the east byBradford Beck, withCottingley andHeaton lying beyond its western and southern boundaries.^[7]

Outlying districts, such as Windhill, were not part of Shipley until the 19th century.Saltaire became part of Shipley after its foundation in the 1860s, while Windhill, which had previously been part ofIdle, became part of the Shipley Urban District in 1894.^[11]

Shipley was historically atownship andchapelry in the large ancient parish of Bradford.^[36] Shipley Local Board was formed in 1853. Originally the board met at the Sun Hotel near the market. In 1880, it moved to the old Manor House, until it was demolished in 1915. Shipley became a separatecivil parish in 1866. In 1894, Shipley Urban District Council was constituted with 15 councillors,^[37] and Shipley incorporated the Windhill district, formerly part of Idle. An attempt was made to gain borough status in 1898, but failed.^[38]Shipley Town Hall was built in 1932, as part of a scheme to relieve high unemployment during theGreat Depression and was opened by theEarl of Harewood.^[25] It became the seat of Shipley's administration for the next four decades.

For many years, Shipley opposed joining Bradford for local government purposes whenever it was proposed. A large protest march marked the third attempt in 1937.^[39] In 1974 after local government reorganisation, merger into Bradford seemed inevitable, and no resistance was offered.^[40]

TheShipley parliamentary constituency was created in 1885, and its first MP wasJoseph Craven.

A campaign for Shipley to have a Town Council was launched in 2018,^[41] resulting in the creation of Shipley Town Council in January 2020.^[42]

Councillors

Shipley electoral ward is represented onBradford Metropolitan District Council by three councillors; Anna Watson (Green Party),^[43] Kevin Warnes (Green Party),^[44] and Martin Love (Green Party)^[45]

  indicates seat up for re-election.

The four wards of Shipley Town Council are represented by nine councillors with two vacancies which will be filled by September 2020.^[46]

Shipley is dominantly residential in character serving as a commuter suburb of larger urban employment centres in Bradford and Leeds. Manufacturing activity includes information technology specialistARRIS located in the Salts Mill complex. Marlin Windows, HC Slingsby and the offices of the Bradford Health Authority also feature among the larger employers in the town.

The town has one large scale supermarket,Asda in the town centre, but also supports smaller scale supermarkets and convenience shops. An open air market is a feature of the main commercial centre of the town as well as a covered market hall known for its landmark clock tower and 1960sbrutalist architecture. Other shops in the same precinct include anArndale Centre, retailers such asBoots. A pedestrian precinct with some shops and leisure businesses links Asda and its multi-storey free car park with Market Square. This area also includes the Shipley Library and theKirkgate Centre, the town's main cultural focus offering regular a range of community activities in addition to holding cultural events such as live music, a regular alternative market and world cinema.

The town's secondary commercial centre, Gordon Terrace, part of the historic Saltaire Village development, features independent food and fashion retailers, as well as numerous restaurants and cafes. The town has a large volume of through vehicle traffic as it is on two of the main routes between Bradford, Leeds and the Aire Valley towns ofBingley,Keighley, andSkipton.

The village ofSaltaire located in Shipley is aUNESCO designatedWorld Heritage Site incorporating the Victorian eraSalts Mill and associated residential district. Located by theRiver Aire andLeeds and Liverpool Canal the model village was planned by industrialist SirTitus Salt as a processing facility foralpaca woollen cloth and as residential accommodation for his workforce.Salts Mill is no longer used for textile production, but now contains the 1853 Gallery, housing many works by the artistDavid Hockney, a variety of shops, restaurants and local businesses, includingPace Micro Technology (nowArris). Salts Mill is accessed via the nearbySaltaire railway station and together with the stone built terraced houses, ornate Victorian era civic buildings and Roberts Park, draws significant numbers of tourists to the area.

To the north across the River Aire, isShipley Glen ("glen" refers to the little valley beneath a ridge). It has long been a popular beauty spot, and in 1895 theShipley Glen Tramway was built to carry visitors up to the top. The tramway has weathered periods of neglect and closure, but in 2012 it ran most weekends through the summer, staffed by volunteers.

Crowghyll Park was once a quarry and the town's refuse dump.^[47] The land was given to church wardens in lieu of common rights when Shipley Common was enclosed and in 1889 it was landscaped. A public playground was opened by Mrs Titus Salt in 1890.^[48] A larger recreation area with playing fields, allotments, woods, and a private golf club is situated on the hill atNorthcliffe. The woods and playing fields were opened to the public byNorman Rae MP and the playing fields are named after him.^[49] In the village of Saltaire isRoberts Park, built by Sir Titus Salt for his workers' recreation.

TheVictoria Hall in Saltaire is a concert venue, hosting bands such asFairport Convention. However, there were once a number of entertainment establishments within the district:

• Queen's Palace – Formerly a temperance coffee house, an institution called Queens' Palace Theatre was sited on Briggate around the turn of the 20th century.^[32] It held twice nightly variety shows at 7 pm and 9 pm. In December 1915 it became Shipley Picture House and remained as a cinema until August 1932.^[50] The building was demolished following a fire in 1960.^[51]
• Glen Royal – The same fate met its successor, the Glen Royal Cinema, which was sited slightly further along Briggate. This 1,200 seat "showpiece super-cinema"^[52] opened with a showing ofEmma on 5 September 1932 and was Shipley's premier cinema during theGolden Age of Hollywood.^[50] AHammond organ was installed in 1936 and it became the first cinema in the area after the Ritz in Bradford to show3D film.^[52] In 1963 it followed the path of many former cinemas, by becoming acasino andbingo hall, and later part of it became asnooker club. In time, it became derelict, before being destroyed by fire like its predecessor in 2013.^[53]
• Saltaire Picture House – Saltaire Picture House was on a site opposite the Old Tramshed and opened in 1922, seated 1,500. It later became theGaumont. The cinema closed in 1957 and the building was demolished soon after.^[54]
• Pavilion – The Pavilion Cinema or Pavilion de Luxe on Commercial Street was built in 1912 and known as the 'Bug Ole' or 'Bug Run'.^[50] It opened on 2 April 1914.^[55] The small seating capacity, 630, gave rise to the motto 'the little theatre with the big reputation'.^[55] It closed in November 1956.^[26]
• Prince's Hall – Prince's Hall Cinema opened on 24 June 1911^[56] and like the rest of Shipley's cinemas had an organ. It survived for many years, called Unit Four, with half the capacity of the old Prince's Hall^[56] It was the last remaining cinema in Shipley until it closed at the turn of the 21st century.

Shipley Film Society was established in 2010 to bring cinema back to Shipley, and runs a programme of independent and world cinema between September and May each year.

The library on Well Croft in the town centre is a branch library of Bradford Central Library. A Carnegie Library on Briggate built with a £3,000 donation byAndrew Carnegie now stands empty^[57] but the name persists in Carnegie Drive and the Carnegie Clinic.

Shipley used to house the Naylor Cars, Ltd., that produced theNaylor TF 1700, an MG TF replica.Industrial businesses with a presence in Shipley includeDenso Marsten, Manor Coatings, Produmax,Teledyne and HC Slingsby.

Traditionally,non-conformist churches have predominated in Shipley and this is still the case to some extent today. There are fourMethodist churches, which featureVictorian architecture. These are: Northcliffe on the site of a 'tin chapel',^[56] Crag Road, Saltaire and Christ Church at Windhill.^[58] Saltaire United Reformed Church was built in theItalianate style at the behest ofSir Titus Salt in 1859. It is aGrade I listed building.^[59]

The first place of worship in Shipley was the BethelBaptist Chapel in 1758, it was rebuilt in 1836 and demolished in the early 1970s and only part of the graveyard survives.^[60] A second Baptist chapel was built at Rosse Street near the town centre in 1865 and is still in use. There is a VictorianSalvation Army Citadel on Rhodes Place.

Historically, Shipley was part of theparish of Bradford and did not have a church until well into the 19th century. The firstAnglican church was theGothicSt Paul's on Kirkgate, consecrated byEdward Harcourt,Archbishop of York in 1826.^[61] It was built at a cost of£7,687.19s.3d, a gift of the nation under theMillion Act,^[62] on land donated by John Wilmer Field, from the Shipley land-owning family.^[60] The parish of Shipley cum Heaton was created on 30 May 1828 by anorder in council ofKing George IV.^[62] St Paul's is one of an identical pair of churches with Wilsden Church.^[61] A graveyard was added in 1860, but by 1895 this was full and additional land at Hirst Wood was consecrated.^[61] The church seated 1,488 and has an organ built by Binns of Bramley in 1892.^[26]

Other Anglican churches in the town are St Margaret's, Frizinghall and St Peter's in Moorhead Lane. The later was commissioned in 1888 as a daughter church for St Paul's and consecrated in 1909 by theBishop of Ripon.^[63] TheRoman Catholic Church of St Theresa Benedicta and St Walburga, usually referred to as St Walburga's is situated on Kirkgate.^[58]

The Bradford to Bingley Road was constructed in the 1820s^[60] and with Otley Road and Saltaire Road form a triangle framing Shipley centre. They connect the town to Bradford, Leeds and the Airedale towns. In September 2022, aclean air zone was launched in Bradford and Shipley. This means any non-private cars entering the city centre and the Canal Road corridor towards Shipley, will be charged dependent on the size of the vehicle and the commercial reason for entering. Exemptions apply for greener vehicles such as low-emission or electric.^[64][65]

There is a small bus station in Shipley Market Place.

TheMidland Railway's Leeds and Bradford line opened on 2 July 1846 and was extended toKeighley by March 1847. TheGuiseley branch opened on 4 December 1876 and in the same year completion of theSettle-Carlisle Line put Shipley on the London to Scotland route. In 1885, the old Midland Railway station was replaced, and by 1900, 400 trains were passing through Shipley each month, carrying 50,000 passengers.^[66]

Shipley railway station has an unusual triangular layout, serving trains on theSkipton to Leeds line, the Leeds toBradford Forster Square line, and the Bradford to Skipton/Ilkley lines.Saltaire railway station, reopened in 1984 on the Settle-Carlisle Line, serves the heritage village of Saltaire. Long-distance trains run south to LondonKing's Cross and north toCarlisle, while local trains connect the town with Leeds, Bradford and Skipton.

TheLeeds and Liverpool Canal was once an important navigation linking Shipley to the wider world. The Skipton to Shipley section was completed in 1773 and in 1774 a branch was extended to Bradford.Wharves were established on the north side of Briggate.^[26] The Bradford branch was filled in during the 1920s. The canal is used for pleasure cruising.

Trams ran along Bradford Road to the south and Saltaire Road to the north^[67] and betweenBaildon Bridge and the Branch. The intersection of these lines led to the main road junction of Fox's Corner being given the alternative name ofCobweb Square.^[28] The legacy of trams is the terminal building on Saltaire Roundabout, now a public house namedSalt Bar & Kitchen. There was a second tram shed off the roundabout at the foot of Moorhead Lane.

Saltaire shed was converted for trolleybuses in 1939 until Bradford scrapped trolleybuses in the 1970s.

The town's first newspaper was theShipley Times & Express run by stationer and printer, Johnny Walker.^[32] The paper was based in premises at Shipley crossroads, and the junction was sometimes called Johnny Walker's Corner as well as Fox Corner. In 1922, Walker sold out to printer/stationer, Osbaldiston, and the building still stands under his name. The building is now a scuba diving centre called Duck and Dive. The paper closed in 1981.^[68]

Shipley is in the distribution area of the Bradford-basedTelegraph & Argus. TheTelegraph & Argus produced a free newspaper for the district, theAire Valley (or Shipley) Target, which was then produced as one of four local editions of theBradford & District Advertiser.^[69] This no longer prints.

The Saltaire Review was launched by Festival Publications in October 2014. It is published bi-monthly and covers community issues and events, with an estimated readership of over 18,000.^[70]

Notable people from Shipley, England, educated there, or otherwise associated with the town.

• Sir Douglas Mawson, born in Shipley in 1882, Australian geologist, professor at the University of Adelaide, andAntarctic expedition leader^[71]
• Joseph Wright, author of theEnglish Dialect Dictionary and one of the earliest users ofphonetic notation, was born in Thackley but grew up in Windhill (now east Shipley). He wroteA Grammar of the Dialect of Windhill.^{[citation needed]}

• Helen Clare (1916–2018), singer who broadcast onBBC Radio and performed withBritish dance bands in the 1930s and 1940s^[72]
• Harry Corbett (1918–1989), creator of the long runningSooty glove puppet character, was born in the area.
• Laura Groves (born 1988) singer and songwriter was born in Shipley and now lives in London.
• Steven Hartley (born 1960), actor, born in Shipley
• Bryan Mosley (1931–1999), actor, known for playingAlf Roberts inCoronation Street, who was born in Leeds but lived in Shipley for many years until his death.^[73][74]
• Tony Richardson (1928–1991), film director was born in Shipley. He is known for directing films including,Look Back in Anger in 1959,The Entertainer in 1960,A Taste of Honey in 1961 andThe Loneliness of the Long Distance Runner in 1962.^[75]
• Rebecca Storm (born 1957), musical theatre actress and singer known for her roles inBlood BrothersEvita andLes Miserables
• Marie Studholme (1872–1930), actress and singer known for her supporting and sometimes starring roles inVictorian andEdwardian musical comedy. Raised in Baildon and Shipley and educated atSalt Grammar School in Saltaire.

• Yorkshire and the HumberMEPRichard Corbett, Deputy Leader of the Labour MEPs, lives in Shipley, originally inSaltaire, now inWrose.^{[citation needed]}
• William Wallace, Baron Wallace of Saltaire,Liberal Democrat politician andLord in Waiting from 2010 – 2015.

• Roger Burton Land, animal geneticist^[76]

• 2007British Rally Championship Stars of the Future Rally Champion, Luke Pinder.^[77]
• Jim Laker, Englandspin bowler fromFrizinghall holds the world record for the number of wickets taken by one player in afirst-class cricket match: 19 out of a possible 20 (Old Trafford 1956, vsAustralia). A street in the Moorhead district of Shipley has been named Jim Laker Place in his memory and a blue plaque on the house he was born in on Norwood Road.^[78]
• Multiple Isle of Man TT winners, Nick Jefferies,Tony Jefferies and Tony's sonDavid Jefferies.

• Poet and writerNick Toczek
• Daily Telegraph columnistMichael Wharton.
• WriterLeo Walmsley^[79]

• Peter Sutcliffe (1946-2020), serial killer dubbed in press as the 'Yorkshire Ripper'.^[80]

• Bracken Hall Countryside Centre and Museum
• Saltaire United Reformed Church
• Shipley College
• Esholt
• Airedale line
• Frizinghall railway station

• Burrows, Dorothy (c. 1986).Shipley – a look at the past.Stanningley,Pudsey: Allanwood Press.ISBN 0-948423-01-3.
• The Edinburgh Gazetteer, or, Geographical Dictionary. Vol. 5.Edinburgh,Scotland: Archibald Constable & Co. 1822. Retrieved21 April 2013.
• Firth, Gary (1996).Shipley and Windhill.Stroud,Gloucestershire: Chalford.ISBN 0-7524-0615-9.
• Sheeran, George (1984).Village to Mill Town: Shipley and its Society 1600–1870.Bradford: Bradford Libraries.
• Shipley Fowk Talking. Shipley, West Yorkshire: Shipley Community History Group. 1986.
• Watson, Ian (1989).In The Shadow Of The Rosse. Shipley, West Yorkshire: Shipley and District Local History Society.

Wikimedia Commons has media related toShipley, West Yorkshire.

• The ancient parish of Bradford: historical and genealogical information atGENUKI (Shipley was in this parish)..

• Shipley, West Yorkshire
• Towns in West Yorkshire
• Wards of Bradford
• Civil parishes in West Yorkshire
• Geography of the City of Bradford

• Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas
• Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the ODNB
• Articles with short description
• Short description is different from Wikidata
• Use British English from May 2014
• All Wikipedia articles written in British English
• Use dmy dates from January 2025
• Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images
• Articles with OS grid coordinates
• Coordinates on Wikidata
• Articles containing Old English (ca. 450-1100)-language text
• Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from October 2017
• All articles with unsourced statements
• Articles with unsourced statements from July 2025
• Articles with unsourced statements from October 2014
• Commons category link is on Wikidata