Islamic literature describes Shem as one of the believing sons ofNoah. Some sources even identify Shem as a prophet in his own right and that he was the next prophet after his father.[6]
Genesis 10:21 refers to relative ages of Shem and his brotherJapheth, but with sufficient ambiguity to have yielded different English translations. The verse is translated in theKing James Version as: "Unto Shem also, the father of all the children ofEber, the brother of Japheth the elder, even to him were children born."[7] However, theNew American Standard Bible gives: "Also to Shem, the father of all the children of Eber, and the older brother of Japheth, children were born".[8]
22 The sons of Shem: Elam, and Asshur, and Arpachshad, and Lud, and Aram.23 And the sons of Aram: Uz, and Hul, and Gether, and Mash.24 And Arpachshad begot Shelah; and Shelah begot Eber.25 And unto Eber were born two sons; the name of the one was Peleg; for in his days was the earth divided; and his brother's name was Joktan.26 And Joktan begot Almodad, and Sheleph, and Hazarmaveth, and Jerah;27 and Hadoram, and Uzal, and Diklah;28 and Obal, and Abimael, and Sheba;29 and Ophir, and Havilah, and Jobab; all these were the sons of Joktan.30 And their dwelling was from Mesha, as thou goest toward Sephar, unto the mountain of the east.31 These are the sons of Shem, after their families, after their tongues, in their lands, after their nations.32 These are the families of the sons of Noah, after their generations, in their nations; and of these were the nations divided in the earth after the flood.[9]
Genesis 11:10 records that Shem was 100 years old at the birth ofArphaxad, two years after theflood; and that he lived for another 500 years after this, making his age at death 600 years.
Excerpts from Genesis 11:10–27—(Jewish Publication Society translation of 1917):
'Shem was a hundred years old, and begot Arpachshad two years after the flood. ... Arpachshad lived five and thirty years, and begot Shelah.13 And Arpachshad lived after he begot Shelah ... Shelah lived thirty years, and begot Eber. ... Eber lived four and thirty years, and begot Peleg. ... Peleg lived thirty years, and begot Reu. ... Reu lived two and thirty years, and begot Serug. '... Serug lived thirty years, and begot Nahor. ... Nahor lived nine and twenty years, and begot Terah. ... Terah lived seventy years, and begot Abram, Nahor, and Haran. ... and Haran begot Lot.
A rabbinic document that surfaced in the 17th century, claiming to be the lostBook of Jasher, provides some names not found in any other source.[clarification needed]
Shem is regarded by scholars to be the successor to Noah, receiving prophetic knowledge, enlightenment, and leadership of his people. Shem was also one of the people whomGod hadJesus resurrect as a sign to theChildren of Israel.[11] Early Islamic historians likeIbn Ishaq andIbn Hisham always included Shem's name in the genealogy ofMuhammad.[12]
In aShiite tradition ImamJa'far al-Sadiq has narrated to his companions thatJibrael visitedNoah close to the time of his death, relaying God's message: "Oh Noah! Your prophethood has expired and your days are complete, so look to the Great Name, the inheritance and effects of the knowledge of prophethood, and hand these over to your son, Sam (Shem), for I do not leave the Earth except that there is a knowledgeable one by which obedience to Me (God) can be recognized..."[13]
TheParaphrase of Shem, which contains ideas unique to otherGnostic scriptures,[14] states that Shem was the first being on Earth. Unlike traditionalSethian literature,Seth is not seen as the father of the followers of Gnosticism, rather it is Shem, who receives a divine revelation from a spiritual savior named Derkedeas. Shem later helps bring his universal teaching ofsecret knowledge to humanity before theforces of darkness attempt to destroy the world with agreat flood.[15]
