Shelby County, Ohio | |
|---|---|
 Shelby County Courthouse | |
 Flag  Seal | |
 Location within the U.S. state ofOhio | |
 Ohio's location within theU.S. | |
| Coordinates:40°20′N84°12′W / 40.33°N 84.2°W /40.33; -84.2 | |
| Country |  United States |
| State |  Ohio |
| Founded | April 1, 1819[1] |
| Named after | Isaac Shelby |
| Seat | Sidney |
| Largest city | Sidney |
| Area | |
• Total | 411 sq mi (1,060 km2) |
| • Land | 408 sq mi (1,060 km2) |
| • Water | 3.0 sq mi (7.8 km2) 0.7% |
| Population (2020) | |
• Total | 48,230 |
| • Density | 118/sq mi (45.6/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC−5 (Eastern) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC−4 (EDT) |
| Congressional districts | 4th,15th |
| Website | co |
Shelby County is acounty in the western portion of theU.S. state ofOhio. As of the2020 United States census, the population was 48,230.[2] Itscounty seat isSidney.[3] Itsname honorsIsaac Shelby, firstgovernor of Kentucky.[4] Shelby County comprises the Sidney, OHMicropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in theDayton–Springfield–Sidney, OHCombined Statistical Area.
TheAlgonquian-speakingShawnee Native Americans had come into the area in the 18th century, displacing theOjibwa-speakingOttawa of theAnishinaabeg, a related language group who moved northwest. The Shawnee were joined by theIroquois,Seneca andMingo peoples as well, displaced by colonial encroachment to the east. In 1792 the European-American pioneerJohn Hardin was killed by the Shawnee in Shelby County. Early settlers named the first county seat of Hardin in his memory.
Shelby County was established in 1819 from Miami County. Its original boundary includedMinster andNew Bremen; these were included inAuglaize County when it was created in 1848 from Shelby andAllen counties.
Several towns in Shelby County were established by German immigrants. The Miami and Erie Canal, which reached Shelby County in 1841, provided jobs for many of the county's European immigrants. It also changed the way new immigrants traveled to Shelby County from Cincinnati in the south and by 1845, Lake Erie in the north. The actual construction provided the initial boost; the real benefit proved to be the opportunity for increased commerce presented by this new transportation link. The canal brought a business boom which in turn drove farm product prices to previously unknown heights. As German immigrants arrived to work on the canal, on the land, and in the shops, business in Sidney and Shelby County expanded. The Germans' penchant for thrift proved to be a valuable asset to the area's economic and social growth. Sidney's population increased from 713 in 1840 to 1,284 by 1850. During this period, the residents’ national origins went from being almost entirely English, or of English descent, to at least fifty percent German and Alsatian French.[5] There were also many families from England who arrived as immigrants in the 19th century. Those English immigrants were of working class rural origins; it was easier for working-class people to own land in America and by this time parts of the United States also had the practice of universal male suffrage so all men over the age of 18, regardless of property or wealth were allowed to vote. These factors encouraged English immigration, particularly from the villages of Penkridge, Gailey, Lapley, Wheaton Aston, Bishop's Wood, Brewood, Coven, Featherstone, Essington, Four Ashes, Perton, Pattingham, Seisdon, Wombourne, Himley, Swindon and Enville, in southStaffordshire in central England, and for this reason these immigrants were sometimes known as "the Staffordshire settlers".[5]
In 1846, a group of 383free blacks from Virginia, called the "Randolph Slaves", settled in the county, most atRumley, Ohio. They had been freed by the 1833 will of VirginiaplanterJohn Randolph of Roanoke. He provided money for their transportation and resettlement on land in afree state.[6][7] Their gaining freedom was delayed by court challenges to Randolph's will, but the families were freed and traveled in 1846. Randolph had provided that those over the age of 40 were given 10 acres each for resettlement.[8] A contemporary history described the Rumley settlement: "There are 400 Negroes (half the population of Van Buren Township) as prosperous as their white neighbors and equal to the whites in morals, religion and intelligence."[9] In 1900 survivors and descendants formed Randolph Ex-Slaves Association (later Randolph Slave Association) and held their first reunion at Midway Park nearPiqua. Sixty-two of the original settlers attended who had been born in Virginia into slavery. After being manumitted, they had come to Ohio as small children with their families. They were called the "Old Dominions" after the nickname of Virginia; the "Buckeyes" were those descendants born in Ohio. Over the years, the reunions were also held atTroy and the Shelby County Fairgrounds, with 100–300 attending.[10]
Terrain of Shelby County consists of low rolling hills, entirely devoted to agriculture or urban development.[11] The Great Miami River enters from Logan County near the county's midpoint, and flows west-southwest-southward to exit into Miami County near the midpoint of its south borderline. The county's highest point (1,149 ft; 350 m ASL) is at its SE corner, where it abuts Champaign and Miami counties.[12] According to theUnited States Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 411 square miles (1,060 km2), of which 408 square miles (1,060 km2) is land and 3.0 square miles (7.8 km2) (0.7%) is water.[13]
| Census | Pop. | Note | %± |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1820 | 2,106 | — | |
| 1830 | 3,671 | 74.3% | |
| 1840 | 12,154 | 231.1% | |
| 1850 | 13,958 | 14.8% | |
| 1860 | 17,493 | 25.3% | |
| 1870 | 20,748 | 18.6% | |
| 1880 | 24,137 | 16.3% | |
| 1890 | 24,707 | 2.4% | |
| 1900 | 24,625 | −0.3% | |
| 1910 | 24,663 | 0.2% | |
| 1920 | 25,923 | 5.1% | |
| 1930 | 24,924 | −3.9% | |
| 1940 | 26,071 | 4.6% | |
| 1950 | 28,488 | 9.3% | |
| 1960 | 33,586 | 17.9% | |
| 1970 | 37,748 | 12.4% | |
| 1980 | 43,089 | 14.1% | |
| 1990 | 44,915 | 4.2% | |
| 2000 | 47,910 | 6.7% | |
| 2010 | 49,423 | 3.2% | |
| 2020 | 48,230 | −2.4% | |
| US Decennial Census[14] 1790-1960[15] 1900-1990[16] 1990-2000[17] 2020[2] | |||
| Race / Ethnicity(NH = Non-Hispanic) | Pop 1980[18] | Pop 1990[19] | Pop 2000[20] | Pop 2010[21] | Pop 2020[22] | % 1980 | % 1990 | % 2000 | % 2010 | % 2020 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| White alone (NH) | 42,285 | 43,673 | 45,769 | 46,423 | 44,067 | 98.13% | 97.23% | 95.53% | 93.93% | 91.37% |
| Black or African American alone (NH) | 500 | 613 | 710 | 928 | 839 | 1.16% | 1.36% | 1.48% | 1.88% | 1.74% |
| Native American orAlaska Native alone (NH) | 13 | 47 | 70 | 76 | 81 | 0.03% | 0.10% | 0.15% | 0.15% | 0.17% |
| Asian alone (NH) | 74 | 382 | 459 | 421 | 450 | 0.17% | 0.85% | 0.96% | 0.85% | 0.93% |
| Native Hawaiian orPacific Islander alone (NH) | x[23] | x[24] | 25 | 48 | 29 | x | x | 0.05% | 0.10% | 0.06% |
| Other race alone (NH) | 36 | 15 | 32 | 45 | 188 | 0.08% | 0.03% | 0.07% | 0.09% | 0.39% |
| Mixed race or Multiracial (NH) | x[25] | x[26] | 462 | 821 | 1,789 | x | x | 0.96% | 1.66% | 3.71% |
| Hispanic or Latino (any race) | 181 | 185 | 383 | 661 | 787 | 0.42% | 0.41% | 0.80% | 1.34% | 1.63% |
| Total | 43,089 | 44,915 | 47,910 | 49,423 | 48,230 | 100.00% | 100.00% | 100.00% | 100.00% | 100.00% |
As of the2010 United States census, there were 49,423 people, 18,467 households, and 13,409 families in the county.[27] The population density was 121.2 inhabitants per square mile (46.8/km2). There were 20,173 housing units at an average density of 49.5 per square mile (19.1/km2).[28] The racial makeup of the county was 94.7% white, 1.9% black or African American, 0.9% Asian, 0.2% American Indian, 0.1% Pacific islander, 0.5% from other races, and 1.9% from two or more races. Those of Hispanic or Latino origin made up 1.3% of the population.[27] In terms of ancestry, 39.8% wereGerman, 11.0% wereIrish, 9.2% wereAmerican, and 7.8% wereEnglish.[29]
Of the 18,467 households, 36.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.9% were married couples living together, 10.4% had a female householder with no husband present, 27.4% were non-families, and 23.0% of all households were made up of individuals. The average household size was 2.64 and the average family size was 3.09. The median age was 37.9 years.[27]
The median income for a household in the county was $48,475 and the median income for a family was $58,473. Males had a median income of $41,924 versus $30,487 for females. The per capita income for the county was $21,948. About 8.9% of families and 11.9% of the population were below thepoverty line, including 18.1% of those under age 18 and 7.5% of those age 65 or over.[30]
As of the2000 United States census,[31] there were 49,423 people, 18,488 households, and 2.63 persons per household, with 20,185 housing units. The county's racial makeup was 95.1%White, 2.1%Black orAfrican American, 0.2%Native American, 1.0%Asian, 0.1%Pacific Islander, 1.4% fromother races, and 1.6% from two or more races. 0.1% of the population wereHispanic orLatino of any race.
There were 18,488 households, out of which 36.90% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 60.70% weremarried couples living together, 9.30% had a female householder with no husband present, and 25.80% were non-families. 22.00% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.90% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.63 and the average family size was 3.13.
The county population contained 28.60% under the age of 18, 8.20% from 18 to 24, 29.30% from 25 to 44, 21.70% from 45 to 64, and 12.20% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females there were 98.60 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.40 males.
The median income for a household in the county was $48,475, and the median income for a family was $51,331. Males had a median income of $36,212 versus $24,470 for females. Theper capita income for the county was $20,255. About 5.30% of families and 6.70% of the population were below thepoverty line, including 8.30% of those under age 18 and 5.30% of those age 65 or over.
Prior to 1940, Shelby County was a Democratic stronghold in presidential elections, with every Democratic presidential candidate from 1856 to 1936 aside fromAl Smith in 1928. But starting with the 1940 election, the county has become a Republican stronghold in presidential elections, withHarry S. Truman in 1948 andLyndon B. Johnson in 1964 being the lone Democrats to win the county since then.
| Year | Republican | Democratic | Third party(ies) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. | % | No. | % | No. | % | |
| 2024 | 20,740 | 81.78% | 4,350 | 17.15% | 272 | 1.07% |
| 2020 | 20,422 | 80.74% | 4,465 | 17.65% | 406 | 1.61% |
| 2016 | 18,590 | 78.01% | 4,243 | 17.81% | 996 | 4.18% |
| 2012 | 17,142 | 71.71% | 6,343 | 26.54% | 418 | 1.75% |
| 2008 | 15,924 | 67.14% | 7,316 | 30.85% | 478 | 2.02% |
| 2004 | 16,204 | 70.90% | 6,535 | 28.59% | 116 | 0.51% |
| 2000 | 12,476 | 63.43% | 6,593 | 33.52% | 601 | 3.06% |
| 1996 | 8,773 | 47.78% | 6,729 | 36.65% | 2,860 | 15.58% |
| 1992 | 8,854 | 44.25% | 5,262 | 26.30% | 5,895 | 29.46% |
| 1988 | 12,198 | 70.00% | 5,065 | 29.07% | 162 | 0.93% |
| 1984 | 13,509 | 75.12% | 4,315 | 23.99% | 159 | 0.88% |
| 1980 | 8,988 | 54.33% | 6,425 | 38.84% | 1,131 | 6.84% |
| 1976 | 8,011 | 53.91% | 6,414 | 43.17% | 434 | 2.92% |
| 1972 | 9,089 | 61.82% | 4,721 | 32.11% | 893 | 6.07% |
| 1968 | 7,248 | 47.60% | 6,479 | 42.55% | 1,499 | 9.85% |
| 1964 | 5,190 | 34.16% | 10,004 | 65.84% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1960 | 8,766 | 56.08% | 6,866 | 43.92% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1956 | 9,452 | 67.67% | 4,515 | 32.33% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1952 | 8,957 | 62.68% | 5,333 | 37.32% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1948 | 5,406 | 43.68% | 6,939 | 56.06% | 32 | 0.26% |
| 1944 | 7,084 | 55.75% | 5,622 | 44.25% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1940 | 7,130 | 53.87% | 6,105 | 46.13% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1936 | 4,482 | 33.68% | 7,110 | 53.43% | 1,715 | 12.89% |
| 1932 | 4,281 | 33.60% | 8,299 | 65.14% | 161 | 1.26% |
| 1928 | 5,975 | 52.14% | 5,448 | 47.54% | 37 | 0.32% |
| 1924 | 4,359 | 44.41% | 4,840 | 49.31% | 617 | 6.29% |
| 1920 | 5,452 | 48.78% | 5,642 | 50.48% | 82 | 0.73% |
| 1916 | 2,352 | 37.33% | 3,801 | 60.32% | 148 | 2.35% |
| 1912 | 1,613 | 27.33% | 3,305 | 56.00% | 984 | 16.67% |
| 1908 | 2,646 | 40.06% | 3,879 | 58.73% | 80 | 1.21% |
| 1904 | 2,737 | 44.72% | 3,286 | 53.69% | 97 | 1.58% |
| 1900 | 2,482 | 38.67% | 3,837 | 59.78% | 100 | 1.56% |
| 1896 | 2,488 | 38.35% | 3,941 | 60.74% | 59 | 0.91% |
| 1892 | 2,062 | 37.07% | 3,244 | 58.32% | 256 | 4.60% |
| 1888 | 2,447 | 39.67% | 3,597 | 58.32% | 124 | 2.01% |
| 1884 | 2,420 | 40.64% | 3,496 | 58.71% | 39 | 0.65% |
| 1880 | 2,274 | 40.51% | 3,320 | 59.14% | 20 | 0.36% |
| 1876 | 1,985 | 38.72% | 3,141 | 61.28% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1872 | 1,717 | 42.44% | 2,311 | 57.12% | 18 | 0.44% |
| 1868 | 1,626 | 41.69% | 2,274 | 58.31% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1864 | 1,602 | 44.18% | 2,024 | 55.82% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1860 | 1,597 | 48.29% | 1,669 | 50.47% | 41 | 1.24% |
| 1856 | 1,356 | 46.30% | 1,446 | 49.37% | 127 | 4.34% |
| Year | Republican | Democratic | Third party(ies) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. | % | No. | % | No. | % | |
| 2024 | 19,275 | 76.88% | 4,927 | 19.65% | 868 | 3.46% |
Places adjacent to Shelby County, Ohio | |
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Municipalities and communities ofShelby County, Ohio,United States | ||
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| City |  | |
| Villages | ||
| Townships | ||
| CDP | ||
| Unincorporated communities | ||
| Footnotes | ‡This populated place also has portions in an adjacent county or counties | |
40°20′N84°12′W / 40.33°N 84.20°W /40.33; -84.20
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