| Shaw and Crompton | |
|---|---|
 A view of Shaw and Crompton fromCrompton Moor | |
 | |
  Shaw and Crompton Location withinGreater Manchester | |
| Area | 4.5 sq mi (12 km2) |
| Population | 21,065 (2011 census) |
| • Density | 4,681/sq mi (1,807/km2) |
| OS grid reference | SD938090 |
| • London | 166 mi (267 km)SSE |
| Civil parish |
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| Metropolitan borough | |
| Metropolitan county | |
| Region | |
| Country | England |
| Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
| Post town | Oldham |
| Postcode district | OL2 |
| Dialling code | 01706 |
| Police | Greater Manchester |
| Fire | Greater Manchester |
| Ambulance | North West |
| UK Parliament | |
| |
Shaw and Crompton is acivil parish in theMetropolitan Borough of Oldham,Greater Manchester, England,[1] and lies on theRiver Beal at the foothills of theSouth Pennines. It is located 2 miles (3.2 km) north ofOldham, 4 miles (6.4 km) south-east ofRochdale and 9 miles (14 km) north-east ofManchester City Centre. Its largest settlement isShaw.
Historically inLancashire, the area shows evidence ofancient British andAnglian activity. In theMiddle Ages, Crompton formed a smalltownship of scattered woods, farmsteads, moorland and swamp.[2][3] The local lordship was weak or absent, and so Crompton failed to emerge as amanor with its own lord and court. Farming was the main industry of this rural area, with locals supplementing their incomes byhand-loomwoollen weaving in thedomestic system.
The introduction oftextile manufacture during the Industrial Revolution initiated a process of rapid and unplanned urbanisation. A building boom began in Crompton in the mid-19th century, when suitable land for factories in Oldham was becoming scarce. By the late 19th century, Crompton had emerged as a densely populatedmill town with forty-eightcotton mills, some of the largest in the United Kingdom, in the area. At itsspinning zenith, as a result of aninterwar economic boom and the over-valuation of shares associated with the textile industry, Shaw and Crompton had moremillionaires per capita than any other town in the world. Imports of foreign cotton goods saw a decline in the textile industry by the mid-20th century and the last mill closed in 1989.
Shaw and Crompton covers 4.5 square miles (11.7 km2) and is a predominantly suburban area of mixed affluence with a population of 21,065 as of 2011.[4] The legacy of its industrial past can be seen in its three surviving cotton mills, all of which are home to large distribution companies, among them isYodel based atShaw National Distribution Centre, a major employer in the area.
The nameShaw is derived from theOld English wordsceaga, meaning "wood". The name Crompton is also of Old English derivation, from the wordscrom orcrumb, meaning "bent" or "crooked" andton, for "hamlet or village".[5] A local historian stated that "this name aptly describes the appearance of the place, with its uneven surface, its numerous mounds and hills, as though it had been crumpled up to form these ridges".[6] TheUniversity of Nottingham's Institute for Name-Studies has offered the suggestion that the name Crompton means "river-bend settlement",[7] which may reflect Crompton's location on ameander of theRiver Beal.
The dual name of both Shaw and Crompton has been said to make the town "distinctive, if not unique",[8] while preference of Shaw over Crompton and vice versa has been (and to a limited extent remains) a minor local controversy and point of confusion.[8][9] Today, the single name of Shaw seems to have won preference in the locality.[9]
Shaw was originally ahamlet and sub-district of Crompton,[10] where it appears to have originated as the commercial andecclesiastic centre because of a small chapel sited there dating back to the 16th century.[2] Before then, Whitfield had been the largest village in Crompton.[2] In 1872, Shaw was noted as one of three villages in Crompton.[11] However, due to Shaw's urbanisation following the construction of a major road fromWerneth toLittleborough, and the establishment of a post office sub-district named and situated in Shaw, it came to dominate Crompton.[12] Additionally, a separate ecclesiastical parish was created for the township in 1835, which was given the name Shaw because of the church's location on Shaw Moor, in Crompton.[13] The names merged to form the present day Shaw and Crompton, which boundary markers have used since at least the 1950s.[8]
An early type of axe known as apalstave has been discovered onCrompton Moor, providing evidence ofBronze Age human activity.[14] It is believed that the area was inhabited byAncient Britons, and that theBrigantes gave theRiver Beal its name. An ancient track, perhaps ofRoman origin, crosses the modern Buckstones Road leading toCastleshaw Roman fort in neighbouringSaddleworth.[5]
In 616Æthelfrith of Bernicia, anAnglo-Saxon king, crossed thePennines with an army and passed throughManchester to defeat theBritons in theBattle of Chester.[5] A wave ofAnglian colonists followed this military conquest and their settlements are identified by theOld English suffixton in local place names.[5]Royton,Middleton,Moston,Clayton,Ashton and Crompton are localities northeast of Manchester which may have been founded during that colonisation,[5] suggesting that Crompton as a settlement could date from the 7th century.[5]
DuringAnglo-Saxon England, it is assumed fromtoponymic evidence that thetownship of Crompton formed around a predominantly Anglian community with a fewNorse settlers, and within the extensiveHundred of Salfordshire.[5] Following theNorman conquest of England, Crompton was part of a vast estate given toRoger the Poitevin.[6] It was unmentioned in theDomesday Book of 1086; the first recorded use of the name Crompton for the township was discovered in legal documents relating toCockersand Abbey nearLancaster, dating from the early 13th century. The document outlines that Gilbert de Notton, aNorman who had acquired the land fromRoger de Montbegon, granted his estate to Cockersand Abbey.[15] TheKnights Hospitaller andWhalley Abbey held small estates in the township. In 1234, about 80 acres (32 ha) of land at Whitfield in Crompton were given to the Hospitallers,[16] a religious order that provided care for poor, sick or injured pilgrims to theHoly Land. A medieval cross has been discovered in the ruins of a house at Whitfield.[17]
During theHigh Middle Ages, Crompton was a collection of scattered woods, farmsteads, moorland, swamp and a singlecorn mill, occupied by a small and close community of families.[2][3] The area was thinly populated and consisted of several dispersed hamlets, including Whitfield,High Crompton, Cowlishaw, Birshaw and Bovebeale (above Beal).[18] These hamlets were situated above the water-logged valley bottoms and below the exposed high moors.[18] Owing to complicated local arrangements of land tenure, inheritance and absentee landlords, the local lordship was weak and Crompton failed to emerge as amanor with its ownlord and court.[19] This slowly facilitated comparative freedoms and independence for the early people of Crompton,[19] which encouraged the influx of families from the neighbouringparish of Rochdale, including theBuckleys,Cleggs, Greaves and Milnes.[19]
During theLate Middle Ages, the Buckley and Crompton families were recorded as the largest landowners in Crompton, owning land and farmsteads at Whitfield and Crompton Fold respectively.[20] The Crompton family has a well-documented history and can be traced back to the time ofMagna Carta, appearing in the Assize Roll for 1245.[21] Crompton is indigenous to the township, and first appears as a family name in the 13th century, when the locality's principal landowner, Hugh de la Legh, changed his family name to "de Crompton" (of Crompton), to reflect the estate he possessed. The family owned a largehistoric house by the name ofCrompton Hall, on the site of Crompton Fold. Crompton Hall first appears in historical records as early as 1442, owned by Thomas de Crompton and his family.[20] The original "medieval" Crompton Hall was demolished around 1848.[20] A second Crompton Hall, set in its own prominent forested grounds, was erected by the family—by then an influential and affluent investor in the local cotton industry—but following the death of the last remaining family members, the site was sold and, in 1950, the house was demolished to make way for an exclusive development ofbungalows.[20]
Because of the poor soils and rugged terrain,Samuel Lewis said Crompton's inhabitants were "a race of hardy and laborious men".[11] They have also been described as having a reputation for being a "hardy, frugal and somewhat independent breed",[9] which has been attributed to the tradition of absentee landlords and self-sustenance in earlier times.[19] There had been achapel of ease at the hamlet of Shaw since at least the early 16th century, but, due to ecclesiastical arrangements for the parish ofPrestwich-cum-Oldham, the inhabitants were obliged to contribute money towardsOldham Parish Church, which in turn had obligation to the motherChurch of St Mary the Virgin atPrestwich.[9] On several occasions during the 15th and 16th centuries, theArchdeacon of Chester had to intervene because Crompton's inhabitants refused to contribute towards holy bread and candles used at Prestwich.[9] In 1826, a poll was taken regarding the re-building of Oldham Church. Not one person in Crompton voted in favour of the rebuilding and when a rate was levied to raise money for the new church atOldham, the people of Crompton refused to pay.[9]
The manufacture of textiles in Crompton can be traced back to 1474, when a lease dated from that year outlines that the occupant of Crompton Park hadspinning wheels,cards andlooms, all of which suggest that cloth was being produced in large quantities.[22] The upland geography of the area constrained the output of crop growing, and so prior to industrialisation the area was used for grazing sheep, which provided the raw material for a local woollen weaving trade. Wills and inventories from the 15th and 16th centuries suggest most families were involved with small scalepasture, but supplemented their incomes by weavingwoollens in thedomestic system and selling cloth,linen andfustians to travellingchapmen for the markets in Manchester and Rochdale.[22] Despite its remoteness by thePennines, by theEarly Modern period the domestic system in Crompton had produced relatively wealthy inhabitants.[23] The most affluent were those involved in cloth and linen, and their wealth was comparable to that of the merchants of Manchester andSalford.[23]
Until the mid-18th century, Crompton's textile sector had been closely linked with that ofRochdale andSaddleworth in the north and east; it was a woollen manufacturing district. However, as the demand forcotton goods increased, Crompton mirrored developments in Oldham and Manchester in the south and southwest, importing raw cotton and making cotton cloth.[24][25] To ensure that the woollen trade was kept buoyant, a law existed from 1675 to 1814 to encourage Shaw and Crompton's wool production. It required that the deceased were to be buried in woollen garments.[26]
In the second half of the 18th century, the technology ofcotton-spinning machinery improved, and the need for larger buildings to house bigger, better and more efficient equipment became apparent. The profitability of cotton spinning meant that open land that had been used for farming since antiquity, was utilised for purpose-builtweavers' cottages.[24] Larger buildings were still desired, and construction of twowater powered cotton factories (two or three times the size of a cottage) can be traced to 1782. The construction of more mills followed—ten by 1789—facilitating a process of urbanisation and socioeconomic transformation in the region; the population moved away from farming, adopting employment in thefactory system.[27] The introduction of the factory system led to an increase of the township's population; from 872 in 1714 to 3,500 in 1801, mostly as a result of an influx of people fromYorkshire andLancashire looking for employment in the cotton mills.[27]
Power looms introduced in the early 19th century put an end to the last remnants of the domestic system in Crompton, but not without resistance. Weavers and spinners were paid according to the amount of cloth they produced; independenthand loom weavers saw a drop in their income, and could not compete with the mechanised mass production that was gathering pace in the township.[28]Luddites rioted in the township in 1826, smashing 24 power looms at Clegg's mill at High Crompton in protest against their worsening standard of living.[28]
Crompton's damp climate provided the ideal conditions for cotton spinning to be carried out without the cotton drying and breaking, and newly developed 19th century mechanisation optimised cotton spinning for mass production for the global market. When suitable land in nearbyOldham (then the largest and most productive mill town in the world)[29] had become scarce in the 1860s, there was a mill building boom in Shaw and Crompton, giving rise to the area as majormill town.[30] The local townscape became dominated by distinctive rectangular brick-built mills, and its former villages and hamletsagglomerated as a single town around these factories.[31]Shaw and Crompton railway station and a goods yard was opened in 1863, allowing improved transportation of textile goods and raw materials to and from the township.[32] NeighbouringRoyton had begun to encroach upon the township's southern boundary, forming a continuous urban cotton-spinning district with Oldham,Lees andChadderton—theOldham parliamentary constituency—which was responsible for 13% of the world's cotton production.[33]
The demand for cheap cotton goods from this area prompted theflotation of cotton spinning companies; the investment was followed by the construction of 12 new cotton mills from 1870 and 1900.[34] In the post-war economic boom of 1919–20, investors did not have the time to build new mills and so were prepared to pay vastly inflated sums for shares in existing companies. Many mills were refloated at valuations of up to £500,000 (£29,020,000 as of 2023[35]), or five times what they had cost to build before the war,[2] resulting in the town being nicknamed "The Golden City" as the scramble for shares intensified.[2] Because of this highly profitable share dealing, it was reported in the national press that Shaw and Crompton had more millionaires per capita than any other town in the world.[30][36][37] The number of cotton mills in the township peaked at 36 in 1920.[37]
Supplies of raw cotton from the United States were cut during theLancashire Cotton Famine of1861–1865, leading to the formation of the CromptonLocal Board of Health in 1863, whose purpose was to ensure social security and maintain hygiene and sanitation in the locality.[38] TheGreat Depression, and First and Second World Wars each contributed to periods of economic decline in Shaw and Crompton. Although the industry endured, as imports of cheaper foreignyarns increased during the mid-20th century, Shaw and Crompton's textile sector declined gradually to a halt; said to have over-relied upon the textile sector,[39] cotton spinning reduced in the 1960s and 1970s, and by the early 1980s only four mills were operational.[40] In spite of efforts to increase the efficiency and competitiveness of its production, the final cotton was spun in Shaw and Crompton in 1989, in Lilac and Park mills.[12] Of the48 cotton mills that have occupied Shaw and Crompton, only three are still standing, all of which are now used as distribution centres.[citation needed]
Sincedeindustrialisation, Shaw and Crompton's population has continued to grow as a result of intensive housing expansion and redevelopment which has modernised much of its formerVictorian andEdwardianterraced housing districts. The town has 9,274 residential dwellings, of which one third are Victorian or Edwardianterraces,[41][42] built for the cotton mill workers of former times. It is considered a popular residential area of relative prosperity,[43] with a variety of housing types.[44] The Buckstones andRushcroft areas contain modern housing estates and are amongst the most affluent suburbs of the town. They were built as part of an agreement made in the 1950s between the thenCrompton Urban District and theCounty Borough of Oldham councils, to alleviate Oldham's chronic shortage of quality housing.[45] The town has subsequently been described as having "good community spirit and relative prosperity, which, in turn, create popular residential areas".[44]
Shaw and Crompton has been used as a filming location for domestic films and television programmes, includingThe Parole Officer,Common As Muck,Scott & Bailey[46] andThe Fred Dibnah Story, the latter of which documentedFred Dibnah's demolition of theBriar and Cape mill chimneys.[47] The town entered the national media in 2010, 2011 and 2012; for thekidnapping of Sahil Saeed, the mugging and death of Nellie Geraghty (which featured onCrimewatch),[48] and theexplosion of a house in Buckley Street respectively.[49]Shaw and Crompton Metrolink station opened as part of Greater Manchester's light-railMetrolink network on 16 December 2012.[50][51]
From the 18th century onwards, Shaw and Crompton'seconomy was closely tied with that of Britain'stextile manufacture during the Industrial Revolution, particularly the cotton spinning sector.[52]
Until the 1990s, Shaw and Crompton was the home ofOsram, the multinational lightbulb manufacturer, which occupied Duke Mill and was a significant employer in the area.[53] Production has since been moved away from the United Kingdom.Warburtons had one of its 11 major bakeries in Shaw and Crompton from 1965 to January 2012.[54] The "Pennine" bakery produced around 500,000 loaves a week and distributed them to major multiples and independent retailers throughout Greater Manchester,Cheshire, andDerbyshire. Located on Glebe Street, it employed around 200 staff and produced a wide range of Warburtons bread products. In August 2012 the building was bought by UDUNK who propose to redevelop the building as commercial units for up to 6 businesses.[55]
Until the early 2020s Shaw and Crompton was home toShop Direct Group'sShaw National Distribution Centre, which was one of the UK's largest warehouse distribution centres.[56] The company occupied three former cotton mills and state-of-the-art purpose-built storage and sorting facilities on a 20-acre (8.1 ha) complex within the town. In 2007, the site became the retail company's only packing and distribution centre for non-bulk items.[57] At its peak it employed nearly 1,000 staff, making it the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham's largest private employer.[58]
Crompton was recorded in 1212 as being one of the five parts of thethegnage estate of Kaskenmoor, which was held on behalf ofKing John byRoger de Montbegon and William de Nevill.[59] The other parts of this estate wereGlodwick,Sholver,Oldham, andWerneth, names and places still familiar today.[15] Crompton would later form atownship within the ancient ecclesiastical parish ofPrestwich-cum-Oldham, in thehundred of Salford.[59] Throughout theMiddle Ages, local men acted asjurors andconstables for the purposes of upholding law and order in the township.[60]
Following thePoor Law Amendment Act 1834, Crompton formed part of the OldhamPoor Law Union, an inter-parish unit established to providesocial security.[1] Crompton's firstlocal authority was aLocal board of health established in 1863;[1] Established with reference to theLocal Government Act 1858, Crompton Local Board of Health was a regulatory body responsible for standards of hygiene and sanitation in the township.[38] Following theLocal Government Act 1894, the area of the Local Board became theCrompton Urban District, a local government district within theadministrative county of Lancashire.[1][61] The urban district council was based out of Shaw/Crompton Town Hall, which opened on 28 December 1894.[62][63]
Under theLocal Government Act 1972, the townsurban district status was abolished and the area has, since 1 April 1974, formed part of theMetropolitan Borough of Oldham, a local government district of themetropolitan county ofGreater Manchester.[1][64][65] Acivil parish of Crompton was formed in April 1987[66] and renamed to "Shaw and Crompton" in July 1987.[67] The civil parish has its ownparish council, giving it some limited local government autonomy from that of the wider Metropolitan Borough of Oldham, and including the status as a statutory consultee on localplanning applications.[68] The council comprises 14 locally elected members and is consulted in planning applications that affect the area through the Shaw and Crompton area Committee of Oldham Metropolitan Borough Council.[25] Shaw and Crompton (Community Forum)Community Council, a separate body, meets at least four times per year and is designed to allow local people to put forward their priorities for the area in which they live, suggest improvements and have their say on how services are run on a local basis.[69] Shaw and Crompton does not have amayor, but does have a Chair of Council who performs ceremonial duties, charitable and chairing duties of the council. The Parish Council also has atown crier who jointly with the Chair performs ceremonial duties in and around the parish area and is a purely ceremonial role. Shaw and Crompton is one of only a few parishes of England that still observes the ancient custom ofBeating the bounds.[70][71] Originally an annual event, it now takes place every seven years.[72]
In terms of parliamentary representation, Shaw and Crompton after theReform Act 1832 was represented as part of theOldham parliamentary borough constituency, of which the first Members of Parliaments (MPs) were theradicalsWilliam Cobbett andJohn Fielden.[73]Winston Churchill was the MP between 1900 and 1906.[74] Churchill once stayed atCrompton Hall, and letters written by him describe how peaceful and tranquil he thought the area to be.[75] Constituency boundaries changed during the 20th century; from 1885 to 1918 Shaw and Crompton lay withinPrestwich constituency, from 1918 to 1950 inRoyton constituency, from 1950 until 1983 inHeywood and Royton constituency, and from 1983 to 1997 inLittleborough and Saddleworth constituency.[76] Since 1997, Shaw and Crompton has lain within the parliamentary constituency ofOldham East and Saddleworth, and is represented in theHouse of Commons byDebbie Abrahams, a member of theLabour Party.[77]
At53°34′39″N2°5′32″W / 53.57750°N 2.09222°W /53.57750; -2.09222 (53.5777°, −2.0928°) Shaw and Crompton lies along the eastern edge of the ancient Lancashire border;Saddleworth and thePennines are close to the east. The larger towns ofRochdale and Oldham lie to the northwest and south respectively;Royton is 1.2 miles (1.9 km) west-southwest. There are nomotorways in Shaw and Crompton, though a light rail line bisects the town from north to south.[78] The town has apost office under theOldham post town. The territory of the civil parish is given as 4.5 square miles (11.7 km2). For purposes of theOffice for National Statistics, Shaw and Crompton forms part of theGreater Manchester Urban Area,[79] withManchester city centre itself 8.7 miles (14.0 km) southwest of Shaw and Crompton.[citation needed]
Described inSamuel Lewis'sA Topographical Dictionary of England (1848) as located in "a bleak situation",[11] Shaw and Crompton is in the valley of theRiver Beal, which runs northward through the town towards the village ofNewhey. The land to the east of the town steadily rises, reaching a height of 1,283 feet (391 m) at the summit ofCrompton Moor. To the west, the land reaches around 699 feet (213 m) atHigh Crompton and 825 feet (251 m) at Whitfield, and from these highpoints the surface slopes away in all directions.[18] TheRiver Irk rises on Shaw and Crompton's western boundary withRoyton.[59] Thegeology is represented bycarboniferouscoal measures.[18] The soils of the town are broadly sterile,[11] the poorest being in the uplandmoors.[18]Rainfall rises steadily from theCheshire Plain in a northeasterly direction, and totals are between 51 inches (1,295 mm) to 67 inches (1,702 mm) a year in Shaw and Crompton, which is well above the UK average of 45.4 inches (1,153 mm) and compares to about 33 inches (838 mm) a year atRingway.[18]
Neighbouring towns, villages and places. | |
|---|---|
Shaw and Crompton'sbuilt environment is similar to theurban structure of mosttowns in England, consisting of residential dwellings centred on aHigh Street in thetown centre, which is the local centre of commerce.[80] There is a mixture of low-densityurban areas,suburbs, semi-rural andrural locations in Shaw and Crompton, but overwhelmingly theland use in the town is residential; industrial areas andterraced houses give way to suburbs and rural greenery as the land rises out of the town.[81] Generally, property in the centre, west, and south of the town is older and smaller in comparison to that found in the east and north.[citation needed]
Shaw and Crompton is divided into twopolitical wards, named "Shaw" and "Crompton" (to the east and west respectively).[82]
 | This section needs to beupdated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.(August 2021) |
| UK Census 2001 | Shaw and Crompton | Oldham (Met. District) | England |
| Total population | 21,721 | 217,273 | 49,138,831 |
| Foreign born | 3.2% | 8.2% | 9.2% |
| White | 96% | 86% | 91% |
| Asian | 2.0% | 12% | 4.6% |
| Black | 0.3% | 0.6% | 2.3% |
| Christian | 84% | 73% | 72% |
| Muslim | 1.7% | 11% | 3.1% |
| Hindu | 0.2% | 0.1% | 1.1% |
| No religion | 6.8% | 8.9% | 15% |
| Over 65 years old | 15% | 14% | 16% |
| Unemployed | 2.4% | 3.7% | 3.3% |
According tocensus data, in 2001 Shaw and Crompton had a total resident population of 21,721,[83] with apopulation density of around 4,692 people per square mile (1,811 per km2), and an average age of 39.[84][85] Around 3% of Shaw and Crompton's population is from ablack and minority ethnic background (which includes a small but long established community ofBangladeshi heritage), the rest broadly being ofwhite background.[25]
Of the residents in the combined electoral wards of Shaw[84] and Crompton[85] (which are coterminous with the town) 41.7% were married, 9.2% werecohabiting couples, and 9.7% were lone parent families. Forty percent of households were made up of individuals, and 14% had someone living alone atpensionable age.
Theethnicity of the town was given as 96% white, 0.5%mixed race, 2.0% Asian, 0.3% black and 0.2% Chinese or other.
The place of birth of the town's residents was 96.8% United Kingdom (including 95.13% from England), 0.6%Republic of Ireland, 0.5% from otherEuropean Union countries, and 2.1% from elsewhere in the world. Religion was recorded as 84% Christian, 1.7% Muslim, 0.2% Hindu, 0.2% Buddhist, 0.1% Jewish and <0.1% Sikh. Some 6.8% were recorded as having no religion, 0.1% had an alternative religion, and 5.6% did not state their religion.
The economic activity of residents aged 16–74 was 45% in full-time employment, 12% in part-time employment, 7% self-employed, 2.4% unemployed, 2% students with jobs, 3% students without jobs, 13% retired, 4% looking after home or family, 7% permanently sick or disabled, and 2% economically inactive for other reasons. This was roughly in line with the national figures. Of the town's residents aged 16–74, 15% had ahigher education qualification or the equivalent, compared with 20% nationwide.
Below is a table outlining population growth of the area since 1901. Earlier records show that the area had a population of 872 in 1714.[86]
| Year | 1901 | 1911 | 1921 | 1931 | 1939 | 1951 | 1961 | 1971 | 1991 | 2001 | 2011 | 2021 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Population | 13,427 | 14,750 | 14,917 | 14,764 | 12,796 | 12,559 | 12,708 | 17,026 | 21,093 | 21,721 | 21,065 | 20,374 | ||
| Source:A Vision of Britain through Time[87][88][89] | ||||||||||||||
Shaw and Crompton has been a base for distribution companies as a result of the town's good transport links, its supply of large, disused mill properties, and its situation between Manchester, Oldham, Rochdale, Lancashire, and West Yorkshire.[12] TheN Brown Group,[90] and children's toy distributors Toy Options have distribution centres in the town.
Trent Mill Industrial Estate, on the edge of the town nearRushcroft, takes its name from the mill that was once there. Thebusiness park is home to several small industrial companies. It was partially destroyed by a fire that started in a plastics factory in the early hours of 28 April 2007.[91][92]
On 6 August 2007, a 35,000-square-foot (3,252 m2)Asda supermarket opened on the site of the former Dawn Mill.[93] A derelict row of houses on Eastway was demolished as part of this development. Two houses on Greenfield Lane were also demolished, allowing the existingALDI store to expand—possibly to help it to compete with the new ASDA store. The original planning application was put to a public vote in 2005, and included proposals for 316 parking spaces, improved bus facilities, pedestrian routes linked to Market Street, junction improvements to nearby streets, and the relocation of a local tyre-fitting company.[94] The supermarket cost £20 million to construct, and is the first ASDA store in the United Kingdom to useenvironmentally friendly construction techniques, whichWal-Mart intends to use as a blueprint for all its new ASDA supermarkets.[93] It incorporates asustainable timber frame and anenergy-saving ventilation system, which together have eradicated the need for 500 tonnes of steel and 450 tonnes of carbon emissions.[93]
The mainCrompton War Memorial, located on the High Street, consists of aScottish granite plinth surmounted by a large bronze statue flanked by two Rolls of Honour containing the 346 names of those from Shaw and Crompton who fought and died in theFirst World War. Panels listing the Roll of Honour from theSecond World War were added and unveiled on 12 November 1950 by Councillor H. M. Turner.[95] Commissioned by the Crompton War Memorial Committee, the statue was conceptualised in 1919 byRichard Reginald Goulden, and unveiled on 29 April 1923 byGeneral Sir Ian Hamilton. The original cost for the memorial alone was £4,000, but the total cost, including site and layout, was about £6,067.[95]
The inscription on the memorial reads:
"In memory of the men of Crompton who fought and gave their lives to free mankind from the oppression and brutal tyranny of war. 1914–1919."
The symbolic memorial depicts a group in which the central figure is a man defending the future generations, represented by young children, against foreign aggression, represented by a beast. The memorial is also a time capsule. Inside it is a lead casket containing coins, a copy of the local newspaper, three cops of spun cotton, and a length of cloth manufactured in the local area.[96]
A second, smaller war memorial is located in Jubilee Gardens. It is dedicated to the soldiers who fought in theSecond Boer War. It consists of a plaque built into a stone wall that is located between two large bushes.
Its inscription reads:
"In memory of the Crompton men who lost their lives in the South African war 1899–1902"
It then lists eight men: four who were "killed in action", two who "died of wounds", and two who "died of disease".[97]
In 1995, to mark the 50th anniversary of the ending of the Second World War, a landmark known as the Shaw and Crompton Beacon was erected in Jubilee Gardens.
The inscription on the plaque below the beacon reads:
"The Shaw and Crompton beacon
erected by the Parish Council in 1995 to
commemorate the fiftieth anniversary of
the ending of World War Two"
This plaque was presented by members of the British Legion
Spanning approximately 160 acres (0.6 km2), and reaching an elevation of 1,282 feet (391 m),Crompton Moor is one of the largest open spaces run by Oldham Countryside Service.[98] It is a registeredcommon of Greater Manchester,[99] and, since 2003, a designatedSite of Biological Importance.[100]Brushes Clough and Pingot are formercoal andsandstone quarries on Crompton Moor.[101] During the 1970s, quarrying was halted, the land was reclaimed, and thousands ofpine trees were planted. The area has since been used for recreation, including hiking, orienteering, and mountain biking.[98][101]Brushes Clough Reservoir was constructed in the 19th century by theOldham County Borough Council,[102] using stone quarried from this site. The area is now managed byUnited Utilities.[101]
Since the 1960s an unnamed waterfall (provisionally called Crompton Waterfall) cascades offCrompton Moor into the now unused Pingot Quarry forming theOld Brook, atributary of theRiver Beal.[98][101][103]
The Big Lamp is a local landmark. Originally, it was a six-sided gas-powered public street lamp standing 20 feet (6 m) high at the original cross-road junction of Manchester Road, Oldham Road, High Street, and Church Road. This was demolished on 17 June 1925, when electric lighting was introduced.[104] During the 1970s, the junction was redeveloped to accommodate the new Crompton Way bypass. A largeroundabout was built, and a scaled-down replica of the original Big Lamp was erected in its centre. The new Big Lamp is electrically powered and stands about 6 feet (2 m) high.[104]
Public transport in Shaw and Crompton is co-ordinated byTransport for Greater Manchester.[105] Shaw and Crompton had a railway line and station between 1863 and 2009, opened initially for haulage, but later used for passenger and commuter journeys.[32] Shaw & Crompton railway station was used by passenger trains running between Rochdale and Manchester on theOldham Loop Line. After initially being rejected in the early 2000s, plans to turn the line into part of the light-railMetrolink system were accepted by the government on 6 July 2006.[106] Shaw and Crompton railway station closed on 3 October 2009, so that it could be converted from use withheavy rail to Metrolink.[107][108][109]Shaw & Crompton tram stop opened on 16 December 2012.[50][51]
Historically the town was served by two electrictram routes operated by Oldham Corporation. The first ran fromHigginshaw and opened on 15 November 1904 it was almost immediately extended to Chadderton Road,Oldham. The second line fromRoyton opened on 13 April 1905. By January 1921 both lines shared a terminus at Wrens Nest and the Royton line had been extended toHollinwood. In the same year, the routes were assigned numbers; Hollinwood to Shaw route was No.8 and the route to Chadderton Road was No.9. There were plans to extend the lines to the railway station and High Crompton but these never materialised. Route 9 was closed on 11 June 1935 and route 8 was closed on 2 December 1939, both were replaced by buses.[110]
The bus companyFirst Greater Manchester provides frequent services to Oldham andRochdale, with buses also running toChadderton,Manchester,Royton andStalybridge.[105]Rosso runs the 435 between Buckstones and Rochdale. There is also two Shaw Circular routesrun by First, serving the smaller roads of Shaw and Crompton.[111] Shaw and Crompton is located south of junction 21 of theM62 motorway.[105]
There had been private cottage schools in the area from a very early time, but Crompton's first public school was founded in 1791.[112] In 1838, the ShawNational School was built.[112] The construction ofchurch schools followed, including Shaw Methodist School in 1842, St Mary's, in 1847 and St James' 1851.[112] Shaw and Crompton is now served by a variety of schools, including some with religious affiliations. All the schools in the town perform either at or above the national average for test results.Crompton House CE School, a secondary school for 11- to 16-year-olds, also has asixth form college offurther education for 16- to 18-year-olds on the same site.[113]
| School | Type/Status | Ofsted | Website |
|---|---|---|---|
| Beal Vale Primary School | Primary school | 105672 | website |
| Buckstones Primary School | Primary school | 105671 | website |
| Crompton House Church of England Academy | Secondary school | 105740 | website |
| Crompton Primary School | Primary school | 133286 | website |
| St George's CofE School | Primary school | 105717 | website |
| St James CofE School | Primary school | 105710 | website |
| Farrowdale House | Independent school | 105747 | website |
| Rushcroft Primary School | Primary school | 105659 | website |
| St Joseph's R.C. Primary | Primary school | 105719 | website |
| St Mary's CofE Primary School | Primary school | 105711 | website |
The township of Crompton was originally within the parish ofPrestwich-cum-Oldham in theDiocese of Lichfield, until 1541, when, owing to theEnglish Reformation, this diocese was divided and Crompton became part of theDiocese of Chester. This in turn was divided in 1847, when the presentDiocese of Manchester was created.[114]
The exact date of the establishment of a place of worship in Crompton is uncertain. Although Shaw Chapel is certain to have been in existence since the early 16th century, it has been put that "Shaw Chapel is even more ancient than Oldham Old Church", as evidenced by the ancienttoponymy of the area.[21][115] Shaw Chapel was anciently known as St Patrick's Chapel-on-the-Moor, and during the reign ofJames I of England, "it was situate in the midst of the common called Shaw Moor, not a single habitation being near it".[116] It is thought to have been constructed following an increase in wealth produced by the localisation of the woollen trade during a very bleak period,[116] although, in 1552 it was noted that it had no endowment, and its ornaments were in poor condition.[117] It was rebuilt in 1739 and enlarged in 1798, and rebuilt again in 1870. It is now known as the Church of Holy Trinity.[117]
Shaw and Crompton has threeChurch of Englandecclesiastic parishes: Shaw, High Crompton, and East Crompton.[13] In addition tothe established church, a variety ofReformed denominations, particularlyNonconformism andMethodism, have been practiced in Shaw and Crompton.Presbyterian ministers were recorded preaching at Shaw Chapel in as early as the 1650s.[110] TheReligious Society of Friends heldconventicles in Whitfield in 1660s and 1670s.[110]
The following is a table of churches presently in Shaw and Crompton, as of 2018.[118]
| Church | Denomination | Completed | Website |
|---|---|---|---|
| East Crompton, St James | Church of England | 1847 | www.ecsj.org.uk |
| East Crompton, St Saviours Crompton Fold | Church of England | 1908 | www.ecsj.org.uk |
| Hope Church | Christian Non-denominational | 2018 | www.hopechurchshaw.org.uk |
| Shaw, Holy Trinity | Church of England | 1871 | www.holytrinityshaw.co.uk |
| St Mary's High Crompton | Church of England | 1872 | http://www.holytrinityshaw.co.uk/ |
| Shore Edge Methodist | Methodist | 1873 | https://www.shawroytonmethodist.org.uk/churches/circuit-churches/shore-edge.html |
| St Andrew's Methodist | Methodist | – | https://www.shawroytonmethodist.org.uk/churches/circuit-churches/st-andrews.html |
| St Paul's Shaw Methodist | Methodist | 1863 | www.stpaulsshaw.org.uk |
| Shaw United Reformed Church | Non-conformist | 1885 | Shaw & Heyside United Reformed Church |
| St Joseph Roman Catholic Church | Roman Catholic | 1870 | https://www.st-josephs.oldham.sch.uk/church |
| Salvation Army Church | Salvation Army | 1896 | https://www.salvationarmy.org.uk/ |
Most of the above churches participate in Shaw's annualWhit Walks event, when congregations, choirs, and brass bands parade through the streets from their respective churches before taking part in one large, communal, inter-church service. The town centre is also home to a smallmosque.[citation needed]
Shaw and Crompton has communal areas and public facilities, including public parks, sporting establishments, and playing fields.Public houses in the centre of the town include The Shay Wake (amill town-themedJ D Wetherspoon pub, named after the ShawWakes week),[119] The Blue Bell, Coach and Horses, and The Pineapple.[120] Outlying public houses include the Royal Oak at Cowlishaw, and the Park Inn at Buckstones Road.[120]
Crompton Library is a purpose-builtlibrary housing over 36,000 items including books, CDs, and DVDs that can be borrowed by anyone who lives in the Oldham borough.[121] It has communal Internet facilities. The library was built in the early 1990s after the original 1907 building, which exists now asapartments on Beal Lane, became too small.[citation needed]
There are three main public parks in Shaw and Crompton. Dunwood Park lies alongside the Oldham and Rochdale Metrolink Line and has a children's play area,bowling green, and over a mile of wooded pathways along the base of a forested hillside.[122] The land that forms Dunwood Park was presented to Crompton Urban District Council by Captain Abram CromptonJP on 22 June 1911, and opened as a park by him on 14 September 1912.[123] It was redeveloped with a new park and bowling green for its 2012 centenary after winning a £1 million grant from theNational Lottery.[124] High Crompton Park is inHigh Crompton and is home to atennis court, bowling green, children's play area, and gardens. Jubilee Gardens are found in the centre of Shaw and Crompton town centre, behind the Crompton War Memorial. Shaw and Crompton has large areas of land reserved for sporting and communal events; these are located off George Street, Edward Road, and Rushcroft Road respectively.[citation needed]
Shaw Market is open retailers and customers every Thursday and is held on Market Street, which is closed to traffic for the event.[125] Westway, the original location of the market, is now used for car parking but used for fun fairs and events. Crompton Pool was a swimming pool built in 1899 on Farrow Street in the town centre[70][126] and served the community until its closure in July 2014 and subsequent demolition in February 2016.[127][128]Crompton Cricket Club, is located on Glebe Street.[129]
Playhouse 2 is a 156-seat theatre in the heart of Shaw and Crompton town centre, which used to be an Odeon cinema. It has been the home of the Crompton Stage Society, an amateur theatre company, since 1966. A wide variety of entertainment, professional as well as amateur, is produced each year.[130]
Home Office policing in Shaw and Crompton is provided by theGreater Manchester Police. The force's "(Q) Division" have their headquarters for policing theMetropolitan Borough of Oldham at central Oldham, which is now the nearest police station.Public transport is co-ordinated byTransport for Greater Manchester.Statutory emergency fire and rescue service is provided by theGreater Manchester Fire and Rescue Service.[citation needed]
There are no hospitals in Shaw and Crompton—the nearest are in the larger settlements of Oldham and Rochdale—but some local health care is provided by Crompton Health Centre which is Shaw and Crompton's NHS surgery. It has been subject to a development scheme intended to improveNHS facilities in the town.[131] TheNorth West Ambulance Service provides emergency patient transport in the area. Other forms ofhealth care are provided for locally by several small specialist clinics and surgeries.[132]
Waste management is co-ordinated by thelocal authority via theGreater Manchester Waste Disposal Authority.[133] Locally producedinert waste for disposal is sent tolandfill at the Beal Valley.[134] Shaw and Crompton'sdistribution network operator for electricity isUnited Utilities;[135] there are nopower stations in the town. United Utilities also manages Shaw and Crompton'sdrinking andwaste water;[135] water supplies are sourced from several local reservoirs, includingDovestones andChew.[136]
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People from Shaw and Crompton are calledGawbies orCromptonians.[141][138]
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