Shaoyang 邵阳市 | |
|---|---|
.png) Location of Shaoyang City jurisdiction in Hunan | |
  Shaoyang Location of the city centre in Hunan | |
| Coordinates (Shaoyang municipal government):27°14′22″N111°28′04″E / 27.2395°N 111.4679°E /27.2395; 111.4679 | |
| Country | People's Republic of China |
| Province | Hunan |
| County-level divisions |
|
| Township-level divisions |
|
| Village-level divisions |
|
| Municipal seat | Daxiang District |
| Area | |
| 20,829.63 km2 (8,042.37 sq mi) | |
| • Urban | 436.0 km2 (168.3 sq mi) |
| • Metro | 2,199 km2 (849 sq mi) |
| Population (2020 census)[1] | |
| 6,563,520 | |
| • Density | 315.105/km2 (816.118/sq mi) |
| • Urban | 802,230 |
| • Urban density | 1,840/km2 (4,766/sq mi) |
| • Metro | 1,415,173 |
| • Metro density | 643.6/km2 (1,667/sq mi) |
| GDP[2] | |
| • Prefecture-level city | CN¥ 259.9 trillion US$ 38.6 billion |
| • Per capita | CN¥ 31,816 US$ 4,731 |
| Time zone | UTC+8 (China Standard) |
| Postal code | 422000 |
| Area code | 0739 |
| ISO 3166 code | CN-HN-05 |
| Licence plate prefixes | 湘E |
| Administrative division code | 430500 |
Shaoyang (simplified Chinese:邵阳;traditional Chinese:邵陽;pinyin:Shàoyáng), formerly namedBaoqing (Paoking) (Chinese:宝庆), is aprefecture-level city in southwesternHunan province, China, borderingGuangxi to the south. It has a history of 2500 years and remains an important commercial and transportation city in Hunan. As of the2020 Chinese census, its total population was 6,563,520 inhabitants, of whom 1,415,173 lived in the built-up (or metro) area made of three urban districts and Xinshao County largely conurbated.
One of the major forest areas in Hunan, Shaoyang has a forest coverage of 42.7%. The 23,000,000-acre (93,000 km2) NanShan Pastures is one of the biggest inSouth Central China and provide dairy products and meat for Hunanese.
Shaoyang is home toShaoyang University. The school is composed of the former Shaoyang Normal College and Shaoyang College.
The Shaoyang dialect of Lou Shao group of dialects ofXiang is generally spoken here.
During the laterSpring and Autumn period, official Bai Shan (白善) ofChu used to construct a city named Baigong (白公城) in today Shaoyang. After theFirst emperor ofQin reunited China, Shaoyang was under jurisdiction of ChangshaCommandery, one of thirty-six Commandery in the empire. Under theEastern Han dynasty, Shaoyang was administered by Linling Commandery. During theThree Kingdoms era, northern part of Linling including today Shaoyang city was divided from it and designated new Zhaoling commandery (昭陵). FollowingWestern Jin reunited Wu in 280 (or first year of Taikang era),emperor Wu changed the Commandery's name Zhaoling to Shaoling (邵陵) to avoidtaboo of his father (Sima Zhao, 司马昭). Under theSouthern Song period, Shao Prefecture was renamed and promotedshaoqing Baoqing-fu byLizong, whom used to take charge of Shao Prefecture defender (邵州防御使) when he was prince. The term "Baoqing" was used until 17 years ofRepublic of China (1928), when it was renamed Shaoyang County. Aftercommunists won theChinese Civil War, Shaoyang city was established in 1950.[3]
Shaoyang has amonsoon-influenced, four-seasonhumid subtropical climate (KöppenCfa), with cool, damp winters, and hot, humid summers. Winter begins relatively dry but not sunny and becomes progressively damper and cloudier; spring brings both the most frequent and heaviest rain of the year. Summer is comparatively sunny, while autumn is somewhat dry. The monthly 24-hour average temperatures ranges from 5.2 °C (41.4 °F) in January to 28.2 °C (82.8 °F) in July, while the annual mean is 17.05 °C (62.7 °F). The annual precipitation is about 1,340 mm (53 in).
| Climate data for Shaoyang, elevation 311 m (1,020 ft), (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1971–2010) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 24.3 (75.7) | 28.9 (84.0) | 35.9 (96.6) | 34.5 (94.1) | 36.2 (97.2) | 37.4 (99.3) | 39.5 (103.1) | 38.6 (101.5) | 37.1 (98.8) | 35.3 (95.5) | 33.0 (91.4) | 24.6 (76.3) | 39.5 (103.1) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 9.0 (48.2) | 11.7 (53.1) | 16.0 (60.8) | 22.4 (72.3) | 26.7 (80.1) | 29.6 (85.3) | 32.8 (91.0) | 32.5 (90.5) | 28.8 (83.8) | 23.3 (73.9) | 17.8 (64.0) | 11.7 (53.1) | 21.9 (71.3) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 5.6 (42.1) | 7.9 (46.2) | 11.8 (53.2) | 17.7 (63.9) | 22.2 (72.0) | 25.5 (77.9) | 28.2 (82.8) | 27.6 (81.7) | 24.0 (75.2) | 18.7 (65.7) | 13.2 (55.8) | 7.7 (45.9) | 17.5 (63.5) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 3.1 (37.6) | 5.2 (41.4) | 8.8 (47.8) | 14.3 (57.7) | 18.7 (65.7) | 22.4 (72.3) | 24.6 (76.3) | 24.1 (75.4) | 20.6 (69.1) | 15.3 (59.5) | 9.8 (49.6) | 4.7 (40.5) | 14.3 (57.7) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −10.5 (13.1) | −6.0 (21.2) | −0.6 (30.9) | 2.2 (36.0) | 9.6 (49.3) | 14.1 (57.4) | 18.1 (64.6) | 18.5 (65.3) | 12.2 (54.0) | 3.2 (37.8) | −1.6 (29.1) | −6.9 (19.6) | −10.5 (13.1) |
| Averageprecipitation mm (inches) | 67.7 (2.67) | 70.7 (2.78) | 132.7 (5.22) | 136.2 (5.36) | 181.9 (7.16) | 203.8 (8.02) | 147.4 (5.80) | 124.1 (4.89) | 63.3 (2.49) | 68.2 (2.69) | 70.2 (2.76) | 51.7 (2.04) | 1,317.9 (51.88) |
| Average precipitation days(≥ 0.1 mm) | 14.5 | 14.1 | 17.9 | 16.3 | 15.9 | 14.8 | 11.0 | 11.8 | 8.2 | 10.1 | 10.9 | 11.0 | 156.5 |
| Average snowy days | 4.9 | 3.2 | 0.6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1.5 | 10.2 |
| Averagerelative humidity (%) | 78 | 79 | 80 | 79 | 79 | 82 | 76 | 76 | 75 | 75 | 76 | 74 | 77 |
| Mean monthlysunshine hours | 60.4 | 61.3 | 79.7 | 111.4 | 135.8 | 139.5 | 224.5 | 204.8 | 149.2 | 124.5 | 114.8 | 93.4 | 1,499.3 |
| Percentagepossible sunshine | 18 | 19 | 21 | 29 | 32 | 34 | 53 | 51 | 41 | 35 | 36 | 29 | 33 |
| Source 1:China Meteorological Administration[4][5] | |||||||||||||
| Source 2: Weather China[6] | |||||||||||||
Shaoyang administers threedistricts, twocounty-level cities, sixcounties, and oneautonomous county.
Districts:
County-level City:
Counties:
Autonomous county:
| Map |
|---|
According to theSixth National Census in 2010, Shaoyang's permanent residence population of 7,071,741 ranked it 2nd out of 14 prefecture-level divisions of Hunan; the male-female ratio was 107.95 to 100. Educational attainment levels were as follows: 4.49% bachelor's or higher, 60.01% middle school (初中) or higher, and the illiteracy rate was 3.24%. There were 1,950,605 households in which 6,913,913 resided, forming 97.77% of the provincial population (hukou) and resulting in an average of 3.54 persons/household. Age distribution was as follows: 1,512,664 (21.39%) ≤14 years, 4,862,468 (68.76%) 15−64 years, 696,609 (9.85%) 65+ years.
| Division | Area[7] (km2) | Permanent residents[8] (2010 Census) | Hukou permits[9] (late 2009) | Divisions[10] | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Subdistricts | Towns | Townships | Including ethnic townships | Residential communities | Villages | ||||
| SHAOYANG CITY | 20,829.63 | 7,071,741 | 7,705,957 | 21 | 97 | 99 | 21 | 335 | 5551 |
| Shuangqing District | 137.08 | 307,980 | 270,458 | 6 | 2 | 4 | 54 | 63 | |
| Daxiang District | 214.66 | 340,605 | 309,752 | 6 | 2 | 4 | 44 | 81 | |
| Beita District | 84.39 | 104,609 | 87,714 | 2 | 3 | 14 | 40 | ||
| Shaodong city | 1,776.38 | 896,625 | 1,260,966 | 3 | 16 | 9 | 33 | 977 | |
| Xinshao County | 1,762.97 | 743,073 | 764,905 | 11 | 4 | 28 | 652 | ||
| Shaoyang County | 1,996.88 | 915,600 | 999,148 | 12 | 10 | 23 | 633 | ||
| Longhui County | 2,871.16 | 1,095,392 | 1,156,917 | 15 | 11 | 2 | 41 | 964 | |
| Dongkou County | 2184.01 | 770,473 | 833,003 | 10 | 12 | 3 | 23 | 566 | |
| Suining County | 2,898.89 | 351,139 | 363,740 | 6 | 19 | 14 | 14 | 348 | |
| Xinning County | 2,751.31 | 560,742 | 607,055 | 9 | 9 | 2 | 15 | 474 | |
| Chengbu Miao Autonomous County | 2,619.76 | 250,633 | 267,921 | 6 | 5 | 21 | 271 | ||
| Wugang City | 1,532.15 | 734,870 | 784,378 | 4 | 8 | 9 | 25 | 482 | |
The current CPC Party Secretary of Shaoyang is Gong Congmi and the current mayor is Liu Shiqing.
Shaoyang has four main railway station: Shaoyang Railway Station (邵阳火车站) (Fast Train, K and Highspeed train, G), Old Shaoyang Railway Station (邵阳北老火车站) (Old, North, Freight),Shaodong railway station [zh] (Fast Train, K and Highspeed train, G) andShaoyang North railway station, in Xinshao County (Highspeed train, G and D). TheLoudi–Shaoyang railway [zh] andShanghai–Kunming high-speed railway pass through Shaoyang.
Shaoyang Wugang Airport was opened on 28 June 2017.[11] It is located 9 kilometres (5.6 mi) north ofWugang, acounty-level city under the administration of Shaoyang, and 100 kilometres (62 mi) from the urban center of Shaoyang.[11]
The airport has a 2,600-meter runway and a 3,000-square-meter terminal building. It is projected to handle 250,000 passengers and 500 tons of cargo annually by 2020.[12]
| Division | RMB | USD | Purchasing power (USD) | Growth (%) | Percentage (%) | Per capita GDP |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SHAOYANG CITY | 90,723 | 14,046 | 21,740 | 13.2 | 100 | 12,797 |
| City proper | 18,308 | 2,835 | 4,387 | 20.18 | ||
| Shuangqing District | 8,175.09 | 1,265.73 | 1,959.00 | 12.6 | 9.01 | |
| Daxiang District | 8,063.65 | 1,248.47 | 1,932.29 | 15.2 | 8.89 | |
| Beita District | 2,069.27 | 320.38 | 495.86 | 15.1 | 2.28 | 19,698 |
| Outlying | 76,358 | 11,822 | 18,298 | 84.17 | ||
| Shaodong County | 20,220.00 | 3,130.61 | 4,845.32 | 14.4 | 22.29 | 22,299 |
| Xinshao County | 7,429.81 | 1,150.34 | 1,780.41 | 13.6 | 8.19 | 9,998 |
| Shaoyang County | 8,108.55 | 1,255.43 | 1,943.05 | 12.2 | 8.94 | 7,796 |
| Longhui County | 9,332.00 | 1,444.85 | 2,236.23 | 11.6 | 10.29 | 8,499 |
| Dongkou County | 9,012.00 | 1,395.31 | 2,159.55 | 12.6 | 9.93 | 11,784 |
| Suining County | 5,018.45 | 776.99 | 1,202.57 | 12.2 | 5.53 | |
| Xinning County | 5,307.47 | 821.74 | 1,271.83 | 11.7 | 5.85 | 9,425 |
| Chengbu County | 2,320.63 | 359.30 | 556.09 | 11.5 | 2.56 | 9,238 |
| Wugang City | 7,932.57 | 1,228.18 | 1,900.88 | 13.8 | 8.74 | 10,746 |
Although it is, by 2010 Census permanent resident population, the second-largest prefecture-level division of Hunan, its GDP (4.62% of provincial output) places it ninth within the province, making it an archetypal example of a large-population, relatively backwards-economy city. The GDP per capita of 12,797 CNY is the lowest in the province, and is only 42.9% of the provincial average, 36.5% of the national average, and 78% of evenGuizhou's corresponding figure.[13] Primary, secondary, and tertiary sectors respectively accounted for 23.9%, 38.2%, and 37.9% of the economy.
Saratov, Russia
| International | |
|---|---|
| National | |
| Geographic | |
| Other | |
.jpg)
.jpg)
