Shannon Airport Aerfort na Sionainne | |||||||||||
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| Airport type | Public | ||||||||||
| Owner | Government of Ireland | ||||||||||
| Operator | Shannon Airport Authority plc | ||||||||||
| Serves | Mid-West Region,Ireland | ||||||||||
| Location | Shannon, County Clare | ||||||||||
| Focus city for | |||||||||||
| Elevation AMSL | 46 ft / 14 m | ||||||||||
| Coordinates | 52°42′07″N008°55′29″W / 52.70194°N 8.92472°W /52.70194; -8.92472 | ||||||||||
| Website | www | ||||||||||
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  SNN Location in Ireland | |||||||||||
| Runways | |||||||||||
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| Statistics (2024) | |||||||||||
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Shannon Airport (Irish:Aerfort na Sionainne)[4][5] (IATA:SNN,ICAO:EINN) is aninternational airport located inCounty Clare inIreland. It is adjacent to theShannon Estuary and lies halfway betweenEnnis andLimerick. With almost 2 million passengers in 2023,[6] the airport is the third busiest airport in theRepublic of Ireland, and the fifth busiest onthe island of Ireland. Shannon has had a long association withtransatlantic flight, owing to its position on the west coast of Ireland and being one of the most westerly international airports in Europe. One half ofShanwick Oceanic Control, whichcontrols all air traffic on the north eastern quadrant of the NorthAtlantic Ocean is located close to the airport in nearby Ballygirreen.
The airport was built in the late 1930s, with the first commercial flight taking place in 1939. Shannon was the landing point for the firsttransatlantic proving flight in 1945 and became the world's firstduty-free airport in 1947. By the 1960s, it was a busy refuelling stop for many transatlantic carriers.[7] Europe's firstUnited States border preclearance facility opened in 1986. At 3.2 kilometres (2 mi), Shannon has the longest runway in Ireland, which allowed it to be adesignated alternative landing site for theSpace Shuttle.[8]
In the late 1930s,transatlantic air traffic was dominated byflying boats, and a flying boat terminal was located atFoynes on the south side of theShannon Estuary. However, it was realised that changing technology would require a permanentrunway and airport.
In 1936, theGovernment of Ireland confirmed that it would develop a 3.1-square-kilometre (1.2 sq mi) site at Rineanna for the country's first transatlantic airport. The land on which the airport was to be built was boggy and on 8 October 1936 work began to drain it. In July 1939, aSABENASavoia-Marchetti S.73 fromBrussels viaCroydon Airport was the first commercial flight to use the Rineanna airfield.[9]
By 1942, a serviceable airport had been established and was named Shannon Airport.BOAC began scheduled service toBristol on 21 February 1942 to provide a land plane connection between England and the flying boat terminal at Foynes.Aer Lingus began scheduled service toDublin in August 1942.[10]
By the end ofWorld War II in 1945, the existing runways at Shannon were extended to allowtransatlantic flights to take off. The first Air Services Agreement between Ireland and the United States in 1945 permitted U.S. airlines to serve only Shannon, and permitted Irish airlines to serve only Boston, Chicago and New York.[11]
On 16 September 1945, the first transatlantic proving flight, aPan AmDC-4, landed at Shannon fromGander.[12] On 24 October 1945, the first scheduled transatlantic commercial flight using a land plane, anAmerican Overseas Airlines DC-4,Flagship New England, stopped at the airport on theNew York City–Gander–Shannon–London route.[13]Trans World Airlines began service between New York and Paris via Gander and Shannon on 5 February 1946,[14] and began a Shannon-Dublin tag flight in 1971 after theUS Civil Aeronautics Board threatened to ban Aer Lingus from landing in New York.Aerlinte Eireann began service from Dublin to New York via Shannon on 28 April 1958.[15]
In 1947, the "Customs Free Airport Act" established Shannon as the world's firstduty-free airport, a move promoted byBrendan O'Regan.[16] Shannon became a model for other duty-free facilities worldwide.[16]
In 1969, it was announced that a new government agency,Aer Rianta (now the Dublin Airport Authority), would be given responsibility for Shannon Airport. Passenger numbers at the airport reached 460,000 that year. With the increase in passengers and the introduction of theBoeing 747, it was decided that a new enlargedterminal was needed. The first commercial operation of a 747 took place in April 1971, while the new terminal officially opened in May that year.
Aeroflot began service to Shannon in September 1975 as a stop between the Soviet Union and other Communist bloc countries, such as Cuba and Angola. Aeroflot kept its own fuel storage at Shannon and allowed the airport to sell the Soviet fuel to other airlines.[17]
The United States demanded that Ireland suspend Aeroflot's Shannon operations following the shooting down ofKorean Air Lines Flight 007 in 1983, and Ireland temporarily banned Aeroflot later that year.[18] Nonetheless, the Aeroflot operation returned and developed into a hub by the mid-1990s, with flights to New York, Chicago, Washington, Miami, and Havana, largely usingIlyushin Il-62 aircraft.[19]
The cooperation between Aeroflot and Aer Rianta at Shannon also led to a joint venture between the two companies to open duty-free shops atSheremetyevo Airport in 1987.[20]
On 30 September 1994, Shannon was the site of the "circling over Shannon" diplomatic incident involving Russian PresidentBoris Yeltsin.[21]
In 1990, the U.S.-Irish bilateral agreement was changed to allow Irish airlines to serve Los Angeles and additional U.S. airlines to serve Dublin via Shannon. An amendment in 1993 allowed airlines to provide direct transatlantic services to Dublin, but 50% of transatlantic flights had to either originate or stop over in Shannon.[citation needed] During the 1990s, the airport began to struggle. However, 1996 saw the beginning ofContinental Airlines flying between Dublin, Shannon andNewark, New Jersey. Shannon began to rebound in the late 1990s with the success of theIrish economy, the improving situation inNorthern Ireland and an influx of American tourists.[citation needed]
In 2005, an agreement was reached regarding a transitional period. Beginning in November 2006 and ending in April 2008, the agreement gradually eliminated restrictions on cargo services. For passenger service, it reduced the stopover requirement and allowed Irish airlines to serve three additional U.S. destinations.[citation needed]
In 2007, theEuropean Union and the U.S. announced that an agreement had been reached on anopen skies aviation policy (EU–US Open Skies Agreement). The agreement came into effect from 30 March 2008, leading to the abolition of the Shannon Stopover, although this would have happened under the 2005 agreement anyway. In 2007, Shannon carried 3.2 million passengers.[22]
Ryanair increased services and passenger numbers at the airport until 2008.[citation needed] However, after a disagreement with theDublin Airport Authority (DAA) in 2008, Ryanair announced that the number of based aircraft would be reduced from four to one and 150 jobs would be lost.[23]
CityJet launched a twice-daily route toCharles de Gaulle Airport in 2008 whenAer Lingus closed its LondonHeathrow flights.[24] CityJet pulled out of Shannon in October 2009.[25]
In December 2012, it was announced that Shannon Airport would separate from theDublin Airport Authority, which still owns Dublin and Cork airports. On 31 December 2012 at 11:59 pm, Shannon Airport became a publicly owned commercial airport and is now operated and run by the Shannon Airport Authority plc. Shannon announced a target in 2012 to grow its passenger numbers to 2.5 million annually within five years. However, Shannon has fallen short of its stated targeted figure with just 1.74 million flying through the airport in 2017.[26]
In March 2013, the new company appointedNeil Pakey as its first CEO. Traffic figures for June 2013 report an 8% increase on the previous year, the first time a traffic increase has been recorded in three years. On 21 March 2013,Ryanair announced a new twice-weekly route toAlicante, Spain, to begin on 5 June for the summer months. That brought Shannon's total to 33 seasonal scheduled summer routes. In August 2013, Aer Lingus announced a 1x weekly service toLanzarote,Canary Islands, Spain, every Saturday during the winter months, using an A320. In October 2013, United Airlines confirmed it will increase capacity by 88% on its Shannon-Chicago route for 2014.[citation needed] In late 2013, Aer Lingus announced 2 new routes toMálaga, Spain, (two weekly) and toBristol, UK, (one daily). Ryanair also announced 8 new routes from Shannon to continental Europe. The new routes began from the start of April 2014, and a second Boeing 737-800 was based at Shannon to accommodate the extra 300,000 passengers a year it would bring in. The destinations announced wereBerlin Schonefeld,Beauvais,Memmingen,Warsaw Modlin,Kraków,Nice,Faro, andFuerteventura.
On 4 July 2014, the "Bank of Ireland Runway Night Run" featured 1,200 people running along Shannon's runway to raise money for charity.[27]
In late 2014, Aer Lingus Regional operatorStobart Air said that they would close their Shannon base in early 2015. They returned in June 2015 operating six flights weekly Birmingham service followed by six flights weeklyEdinburgh service. In late 2015, they announced a new CEO for Shannon, Matthew Thomas. Ryanair announced that it will be ending its Paris and Memmingen routes in late 2016, and it also reduced itsManchester andLondon Stansted routes. Ryanair is aiming for 720,000 passengers in Summer 2017 even though they were close to 800,000 in Summer 2016. In October 2016, SAS announced a new route to Stockholm from 1 August 2017 to 7 October 2017. Shortly after that,Lufthansa announced a weekly service to Frankfurt, running from April to October in 2017. In September 2017, Ryanair announced a new Route to Reus. It will run through summer 2018 operating 2x weekly (Tuesdays and Saturdays), replacing the route to Berlin. The same day, Air Canada announced a new 4x weekly service to Toronto with theBoeing 737 MAX. In February 2018, Ryanair announced it would resume flights to Bristol and Liverpool from May 2018. In late 2018, Ryanair announced a new twice weekly service to Ibiza, and the resumption of flights to East Midlands, both beginning in April 2019. The East Midlands, Bristol and Ibiza flights are all being ceased at the end of the 2019 summer season due to fears of Brexit and the 737 MAX groundings.[citation needed] Due to the 737 MAX groundings, Air Canada and Norwegian Airlines suspended their routes to Shannon. This reduced the number of passenger by 120,000.[28] On 23 October 2019, Lauda announced that they will launch a twice weekly flight to Shannon from their base in Vienna, operating every Wednesday and Saturday.[29] The airport handled 1,864,762 passengers in 2018. This number is the highest passenger numbers since gaining independence from the DAA.[30][31]
Shannon Airport has a history of foreign military use. A large part of its business in recent years has been military stopovers, currently almost all American; however, the airport was also frequently used by the Soviet military until the 1990s, since Ireland, having a traditional policy of military neutrality, was not a member ofNATO. There were some restrictions, such as carrying no arms, ammunition, or explosives, and that the flights in question did not form part of military exercises or operations. Shannon saw military transports throughout theCold War and during the firstGulf War.
In the aftermath of theSeptember 11 attacks, theIrish government offered the use of Shannon to theUS government. When the United States invadedIraq in 2003, the government still allowedUnited States Armed Forces to use the airport. This caused controversy and was the subject of protests and a challenge brought to theHigh Court.[32] As of November 2008, approximately 1.2 million troops had passed through Shannon since the beginning of theIraq War.[33] In 2012–2013, the military flight contracts are held byOmni Air International.[34]
On 6 December 2005, theBBC programmeNewsnight alleged that Shannon was used on at least 33 occasions by United StatesCentral Intelligence Agency (CIA)flights, thought to be part of a US policy calledextraordinary rendition.The New York Times reported the number to be 33, though referring to "Ireland" rather than Shannon, whileAmnesty International has alleged the number of flights to be 50.Casement Aerodrome has seen similar reports. The United States and Ireland have denied these allegations.[35] GermanKhaled El-Masri, who was mistakenly tortured by the CIA after being abducted by the Macedonian police, was taken to an Afghanblack site by a plane which had stopped at Shannon Airport on its way to North Macedonia to pick him up. In response, Amnesty International Ireland reported that "the Irish Government knew that the CIA used Shannon Airport as part of their renditions operations" and called for an independent investigation into the use of Shannon Airport for extraordinary renditions operation by the USA.[36][37]
After a call by theIrish Human Rights Commission that the Irish government inspect aircraft supposed to be a part of the US extraordinary rendition program, the Minister for Foreign AffairsDermot Ahern rejected these proposals. In a leakeddiplomatic cable written by US Ambassador to IrelandThomas C. Foley, Foley reported that Ahern thought it "might not be a bad idea to allow the random inspection of a few planes to proceed, which would provide cover if a rendition flight ever surfaced. He seemed quite convinced that at least three flights involving renditions had refueled at Shannon Airport before or after conducting renditions elsewhere".[38][39]
The current airport terminal was opened on 27 March 2000 by theMinister for Public Enterprise,Mary O'Rourke. This facility has 40check-in desks, five baggage carousels and 14 boardinggates (including sixairbridges). There are nearly 20 aircraft parking stands. The car parks can hold 4,200 cars.[40][failed verification]
Much of the older landside section of the airport has been renovated with new 'Shannon Airport' branding. An airside area renovation and passenger separation project was completed in Summer 2010.[41]
WhenEirjet existed, its head office was located on the grounds of Shannon Airport.[42]
In 2024,Aer Lingus announced the airline would be closing its Shannon based cargo facility citing low demand and lack of commercial justification to remain present there. Cargo operations managed byIAG Cargo reviewed the ongoing operations at Shannon airport and decided it would be beneficial to close the facility at the end of 2024.[43]
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In 1986, aUnited States border preclearance facility was opened at Shannon, eliminating the need to go through immigration on arrival in the United States.[44] This operation was administered by the US Justice Department, specifically the Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS).
In November 2008, it was announced that US customs and agriculture inspections would be added, making Shannon the first airport in Europe to offer this service and to enable passengers to arrive in New York on a "domestic" basis. To have these facilities put in place, a two-storey, 7,000 m2 (75,000 sq ft) extension to the main terminal building was constructed. The facility opened the morning of 5 August 2009.[44][45][46]
These services were extended to cover private aircraft in 2010, making Shannon the first airport in Europe to offer US border preclearance for private aircraft.[7] Shannon is the only airport to do so in Europe as of September 2016.[47]
Between 2009 and 2020,British Airways operatedbusiness class–only flights betweenLondon City Airport andJohn F. Kennedy International Airport in New York. Of these, the westbound flights stopped for fuel in Shannon to allow them to take off from the short runway of the London City Airport, which is located in theLondon Docklands area. This stop also allowed passengers to clear US Customs and Immigration in Shannon rather than at JFK. Introduced in 2009, two flights per day, one of which carried the flight number BA1, were operated usingA318 aircraft capable of operating steep approaches.[48] The flights were halved in 2017, and in 2020, amid their suspension due to theCOVID-19 pandemic, it was announced that the flights would not be resumed.[49]
In 2021, Shannon Airport deployedCT scanners at passenger security checkpoints, enabling it to lift therestrictions on liquids which had been in place since 2006.[50]
The following airlines operate regular scheduled flights to and from Shannon:[51][needs update][52]
| Airlines | Destinations |
|---|---|
| Aer Lingus | Boston,[53]London–Heathrow,[54]New York–JFK,[53]Paris–Charles de Gaulle[55][56] |
| Delta Air Lines | Seasonal:New York–JFK[57] |
| Discover Airlines | Seasonal:Frankfurt (begins 4 April 2026)[58] |
| Ryanair | Alicante,[59]Birmingham,[59]Budapest,[59]Edinburgh,[59]Faro,[59]Fuerteventura,[59]Funchal,[60]Kaunas,[59]Kraków,[59]Lanzarote,[59]Liverpool,[61]London–Gatwick,[59]London–Stansted,[62]Málaga,[59]Manchester,[59]Poznań (resumes 31 March 2026),[63]Rome–Ciampino (begins 31 March 2026),[63]Tenerife–South,[59]Warsaw–Modlin (resumes 30 March 2026),[63]Wrocław[59] Seasonal:Béziers,[64]Corfu,[59]Girona,[59]Gran Canaria,[65]Madrid,[66]Malta,Naples,[67]Palma de Mallorca,[59]Porto,[68]Reus,[59]Rovaniemi,[66]Turin[69] |
| United Airlines | Seasonal:Chicago–O'Hare,[70]Newark[71] |
| Airlines | Destinations |
|---|---|
| Turkish Cargo[72] | Atlanta,Chicago–O'Hare,Istanbul,New York–JFK |
| Year | Total passengers[73] | Passengers % change YoY |
|---|---|---|
| 2005 | 3,302,046 |  32.1 |
| 2006 | 3,639,046 | 10.2 |
| 2007 | 3,620,623 |  0.5 |
| 2008 | 3,169,529 | 12.5 |
| 2009 | 2,794,563 | 11.8 |
| 2010 | 1,755,885 | 37.2 |
| 2011 | 1,625,453 | 7.4 |
| 2012 | 1,394,781 | 14.2 |
| 2013 | 1,440,034 | 3.2 |
| 2014 | 1,639,315 | 13.8 |
| 2015 | 1,714,872 | 4.6 |
| 2016 | 1,749,367[2] | 2.0 |
| 2017 | 1,751,500 | 0.1 |
| 2018 | 1,864,762 | 6.5 |
| 2019 | 1,710,000[74] | 8.0 |
| 2020 | 360,000[75] | 78.9 |
| 2021 | 379,935 | 5.5 |
| 2022 | 1,518,170 | 300 |
| 2023 | 1,958,000 | 29 |
| 2024 | 2,050,831 | 8 |
| Rank | Airport | Passengers handled | % change 2023/24 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | London–Heathrow | 284,621 | 10.3 | |
| 2 | London–Stansted | 241,283 | 0.5 | |
| 3 | New York–JFK | 135,471 | 39.4 | |
| 4 | London–Gatwick | 122,581 | 2.5 | |
| 5 | Boston | 101,740 | 0.7 | |
| 6 | Kraków | 75,250 | 49.2 | |
| 7 | Manchester | 74,878 | 5.8 | |
| 8 | Wroclaw | 74,170 | - | |
| 9 | Faro | 72,014 | - | |
| 10 | Lanzarote | 70,745 | - | |
| Source:Central Statistics Office[76] | ||||
Shannon Airport is the end destination of theN19national route, which connects to theN18/M18 Limerick–Ennis–Galway route. It is also the western end of European roadE20. Adual carriageway section of the N19 was finished in 2004, bypassing the town ofShannon, and a newinterchange and dual carriageway north toEnnis were completed in 2007 on the N18 (M18). It is approximately 20 kilometres (12 mi) south ofEnnis, 25 kilometres (16 mi) west ofLimerick and around 85 kilometres (53 mi) south ofGalway.Dublin is approximately 223 kilometres (139 mi) away andCork is around 125 kilometres (78 mi) away.
Bus Éireann services from/to the airport:
From 20th June 2024 Expressway will commence route X51 on nonstop service to both Galway and Limerick[79]
Car hire is available in the arrivals hall of the terminal building, with five car rental firms operating at the airport.[80] Private-hire coaches and buses such as Eirebus are available from many operators;[81] these need to be pre-booked and can transport passengers to any destination in Ireland.
Shannon Airport offers both short-term and long-term parking within the airport with over 5,000 spaces available. All car parks operate 24 hours and are regularly patrolled byAirport Police.
For many years, a rail link to the airport (as a spur from the nearbyLimerick–Ennis line) has been proposed,[82] but nothing has materialised.[83] Connecting with the nearest major stations (Ennis railway station andLimerick railway station) requires bus or taxi.Sixmilebridge is the nearest station to the airport.[84]
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Due to the location of Shannon, the airport receives a large number of emergency stopovers.
As Shannon Airport has been built adjacent to theShannon Estuary, it is likely to have problems withrising sea levels and high waters in theShannon. The government is working on plans to protect both the airport andthe town.[89]
Media related toShannon Airport at Wikimedia Commons
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