| Rafi-ud-Daulah | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Padishah Al-Sultan Al-Azam | |||||||||
 Portrait of Rafi-ud-Daulah | |||||||||
| Emperor of Hindustan | |||||||||
| Reign | 6 June – 17 September 1719 | ||||||||
| Coronation | 8 June 1719 | ||||||||
| Predecessor | Rafi-ud-Darajat | ||||||||
| Successor | Muhammad Shah Jahangir II (titular) | ||||||||
| Born | Rafi-ud-Daulah June 1696 Mughal Empire | ||||||||
| Died | 18 September 1719(1719-09-18) (aged 23) Bidyapur, nearFatehpur Sikri, Mughal Empire (present-dayUttar Pradesh, India) | ||||||||
| Burial | |||||||||
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| House | House of Babur | ||||||||
| Dynasty | Timurid dynasty | ||||||||
| Father | Rafi-ush-Shan | ||||||||
| Religion | Sunni Islam(Hanafi) | ||||||||
| Mughal emperors | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Shah Jahan II (Persian pronunciation:[ʃɑːhd͡ʒa.ˈhɑːn]; June 1696 – 17 September 1719), bornMirza Rafi-ud-Daulah, was briefly the twelfthMughal emperor in 1719.
After being chosen by theSayyid brothers, he succeeded figurehead emperorRafi-ud-Darajat on 6 June 1719. Shah Jahan II also served as a figurehead to the Sayyid brothers[1] and would serve as emperor until his death oftuberculosis on 17 September 1719.[2]
Shah Jahan II was born as Rafi ud-Daulah. He was the second son ofRafi-ush-Shan and a grandson ofBahadur khan[3] Shah Jahan II's exact date of birth is not known but he is believed to have been eighteen months older than his brotherRafi ud-Darajat. Whether he married or not, whether he had any child or not is also unknown.[4]
Shah Jahan II ascended the throne on 6 June 1719 after the death of his younger brotherRafi ud-Darajat due totuberculosis. His coronation took place atDiwan-i-Khas of theRed Fort. He took the titleShah Jahan II.[3]
Just like his younger brother, Shah Jahan II was chosen by the kingmakerSayyid brothers and wielded no power.[5]His name was read in the khutbah for the first time on 13 June. His first appearance at theDiwan-i-Am was on 11 June. Without the presence of one of the Sayyid brothers, he was not allowed to meet any noble or to attend thejummah.[3]
Shah Jahan II suffered from tuberculosis just like his younger brother. He was physically and mentally unfit to perform the duties of a ruler. He died on 17 September 1719[6] atBidyapur. He was buried beside Rafi ud-Darajat at thedargah ofQutbuddin Bakhtiar Kaki atMehrauli in Delhi.[7]
Muhammad Hadi Kamwar Khan claimed that Shah Jahan II was poisoned by the Sayyid brothers, but historianWilliam Irvine disputed this, saying that the Shah's diarrhoea was due to opium withdrawal, that Kamwar Khan had much to be upset about since his prospects were ruined by Shah Jahan's death, and that the Sayyids had nothing to gain from his death.[8]
Shah Jahan II | ||
| Preceded by | Mughal Emperor 1719 | Succeeded by |
